法律英语复试必背词汇

法律英语

法律渊源sourceoflaw

制定法statute

判例法caselaw;precedent

普通法commonlaw

特别法speciallaw

固有法nativelaw;indigenouslaw

继受法adoptedlaw

实体法substantiallaw

程序法procedurallaw

原则法fundamentallaw

例外法exceptionlaw

司法解释judicialinterpretation

习惯法customarylaw

公序良俗publicorderandmoral

自然法naturallaw

罗马法RomanLaw

私法privatelaw

公法publiclaw

市民法juscivile

万民法jusgentium

民法法系civillawsystem

英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw

大陆法系civillawsystem

普通法commonlaw

大陆法continentallaw

罗马法系Romanlawsystem

衡平法equity;lawofequity

日尔曼法Germanticlaw

教会法ecclesiasticallaw

寺院法canonlaw

伊斯兰法Islamiclaw

民法法律规范normofcivillaw

授权规范authorizationnorm

禁止规范forbiddingnorm

义务性规范obligatorynorm

命令性规范commandingnorm

民法基本原则fundamentalprinciplesof

civillaw

平等原则principleofequality

自愿原则principleoffreewill

公平原则principleofjustice

等价有偿原则principleofequalvalue

exchange

诚实信用原则principleofgoodfaith

行为act

作为ac

不作为omission

合法行为lawfulact

违法行为unlawfulact

民事权利权利能力civilright

绝对权absoluteright

相对权relativeright

优先权rightofpriority

先买权preemption

原权antecedentright

救济权rightofrelief

支配权rightofdominion

请求权rightofclaim

物上请求权rightofclaimforrealthing

形成权rightofformation

撤销权rightofclaimingcancellation

否认权rightofclaimingcancellation

解除权rightofrenouncement

代位权subrogatedright

选择权rightofchoice

承认权rightofadmission

终止权rightoftermination

抗辩权rightofdefense

一时性抗辩权momentaryrightofdefense

永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argument

right

不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumentright

同时履行抗辩权defenserightof

simultaneousperformance

既得权testedright

期待权expectantright

专属权exclusiveright

非专属权non-exclusiveright

人身权利personalright

人权humanright

人格权rightofpersonality

生命健康权rightoflifeandhealth

姓名权rightofname

名称权rightofname

肖像权rightofportraiture

自由权rightoffreedom

名誉权rightreputation

隐私权rightofprivacy

1/10

法律英语

私生活秘密权rightofprivacy

贞操权virginityright

身份权rightofstatus

亲权parentalpower;parentalright

亲属权rightofrelative

探视权visitationright

配偶权rightofspouse

荣誉权rightofhonor

权利的保护protectionofright

公力救济publicprotection

私力救济self-protection

权利本位standardofright

社会本位standardofsociety

无责任行为irresponsibleright

正当防卫justifiableright;ligitimatedefence

防卫行为actofdefence

自为行为self-conductingact

紧急避险actofrescue;necessity

自助行为actofself-help

不可抗力forcemajeure

意外事件accident

行为能力capacityforact

意思能力capacityofwill

民事行为civilact

意思表示declarationofintention

意思表示一致meetingofminds;consensus

完全行为能力perfectcapacityforact

限制行为能力restrictivecapacityforact

准禁治产人quasi-interdictedperson

保佐protection

自治产人minorwhoiscapableof

administeringhisowncapacity

无行为能力incapacityforact

禁治产人interdictedperson

自然人naturalperson

公民citizen

住所domicile

居所residence

经常居住地frequentlydwellingplace

户籍censusregister

监护guardianship

个体工商户individualbusiness

农村承包经营户leaseholdingrural

household

合伙partnership

合伙人partner

合伙协议partnershipagreement

合伙财产propertyofpartnership

合伙债务debtofpartnership

入伙joinpartnership

退伙withdrawalfrompartnership

合伙企业partnershipbusinessestablishment

个人合伙partnership

法人合伙partnershipoflegalperson

特别合伙specialpartnership

普通合伙generalpartnership

有限合伙limitedpartnership

民事合伙civilpartnership

隐名合伙sleepingpartnership;dormant

partnership

私营企业privateenterprise;proprietorship

法人legalperson

企业法人legalbodyofenterprise

企业集团groupofenterprise

关联企业affiliateenterprise

个人独资企业individualbusiness

establishment

国有独资企业solelystate-ownedenterprise

中外合资企业Sino-foreignjointventure

enterprise

中外合作企业Sino-foreigncontractual

enterprise

社团法人legalbodyofmassorganization

财团法人legalbodyoffinancialgroup

联营jointventure

法人型联营associationoflegalpersons

合伙型联营coordinatedmanagementin

partnership

协作型联营cooperation-typecoordinated

management

合作社cooperative

民事法律行为civillegalact

单方民事法律行为unilateralcivillegalact

双方民事法律行为bilateralcivillegalact

多方民事法律行为jointactcivillegalact

有偿民事法律行为civillegalactwith

consideration

无偿民事法律行为civillegalactwithout

2/10

法律英语

consideration;civillegalactwithoutaward

实践性民事法律行为practicalcivillegalact

法律翻译公司

诺成性民事法律行为consentalcivillegal

act

要式民事法律行为formalcivillegalact

不要式民事法律行为informalcivillegalact

要因民事法律行为causativecivillegalact

不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivil

legalact

主民事法律行为principalcivillegalact

从民事法律行为accessorycivillegalact

附条件民事法律行为conditionalcivillegal

act

附期限民事法律行为civillegalactwith

term

生前民事法律行为civillegalactbefore

death

死后民事法律行为civillegalactafterdeath

准民事法律行为quasi-civillegalact

无效行为ineffectiveact

可撤销民事行为revocablecivilact

违法行为illegalact;unlawfulact

侵权行为tort

欺诈fraud

胁迫duress

乘人之危takingadvantageofothers’

precariousposition

以合法形式掩盖非法目的legalform

concealingillegalintention

恶意串通maliciouscollaboration

重大误解grossmisunderstanding

显失公平obviousunjust

误传misrepresentation

代理agency

本人principal

被代理人principal

受托人trustee

代理人agent

本代理人originalagent

法定代理人statutoryagent;legalagent

委托代理人agentbymandate

指定代理人designatedagent

复代理人subagent

再代理人subagent

转代理人subagent

代理权rightofagency

授权行为actofauthorization

授权委托书powerofattorney

代理行为actofagency

委托代理agencybymandate

本代理originalagency

复代理subagency

次代理subagency

有权代理authorizedagency

表见代理agencybyestoppel;apparent

agency

律师代理agencybylawyer

普通代理generalagency

全权代理generalagency

全权代理委托书generalpowerofattorney

共同代理jointagency

独家代理soleagency

居间brokerage

居间人broker

行纪commission;brokerhouse

信托trust

时效timelimit;prescription;limitation

时效中止suspensionof

prescription/limitation

时效中断interruptionof

limitation/prescription

时效延长extensionoflimitation

取得时效acquisitiveprescription

时效终止lapseoftime;terminationof

prescription

期日date

期间term

涉外民事关系civilrelationswithforeign

elements

冲突规范ruleofconflict

准据法applicablelaw;governinglaw

反致renvoi;remission

转致transmission

识别identification

公共秩序保留reserveofpublicorder

法律规避evasionoflaw

3/10

法律英语

国籍nationality

国有化nationalization

法律责任legalliability

民事责任civilliability/responsibility

行政责任administrative

liability/responsibility

刑事责任criminalliability/responsibility

违约责任liabilityofbreachofcontract;

responsibilityofdefault

有限责任limitedliability

无限责任unlimitedliability

按份责任shared/severalliability

连带责任jointandseveralliability

过失责任liabilityfornegligence;negligent

liability

过错责任faultliability;liabilityforfault

单独过错solefault

共同过错jointfault

混合过错mixedfault

被害人过错victim’sfault

第三人过错thirdparty’sfault

推定过错presumptivefault

恶意badfaith;malice

故意deliberateintention;intention;

willfulness

过失negligence

重大过失grossnegligence

疏忽大意的过失carelessandinadvertent

negligence

过于自信的过失negligencewithundue

assumption

损害事实factsofdamage

有形损失tangibledamage/loss

无形损失intangibledamage/loss

财产损失propertydamage/loss

人身损失personaldamage/loss

精神损失spiritualdamage/loss

民事责任承担方式methodsofbearingcivil

liability

停止侵害ceasetheinfringingact

排除妨碍exclusionofhindrance;removalof

obstacle

消除危险eliminationofdanger

返还财产restitutionofproperty

恢复原状restitution;restitutionoforiginal

state

赔偿损失compensateforaloss;indemnify

foraloss

支付违约金paymentofliquidateddamage

消除影响eliminateilleffects

恢复名誉rehabilitateone’sreputation

赔礼道歉extendaformalapology

物权jusadrem;rightinrem;realright

物权制度realrightsystem;rightinrem

system

一物一权原则theprincipalofOnething,

OneRight

物权法定主义principaloflegalityofrightin

rem

物权公示原则principalofpublicsummons

ofrightinrem

物权法jusrerem

物property

生产资料rawmaterialforproduction

生活资料meansoflivelihood;meansof

subsistence

流通物resincommercium;athingin

commerce

限制流通物limitedmerchantablething

禁止流通物resextracommercium;athing

outofcommerce

资产asset

固定资产fixedasset

流动资产currentasset;floatingasset

动产movables;chattel

不动产immovable;realestate

特定物rescertae;acertainthing

种类物genus;indefinitething

可分物resdivisibiles;divisiblethings

不可分物resindivisibiles;indivisiblethings

主物rescapitalis;aprincipalthing

从物resaccessoria;anaccessorything

原物originalthing

孳息fruits

天然孳息naturalfruits

法定孳息legalfruits

无主物bonavacatia;vacantgoods;

4/10

法律英语

ownerlessgoods

遗失物lostproperty

漂流物driftingobject

埋藏物fortuna;hiddenproperty

货币currency

证券securities

债券bond

物权分类classificationofrightinrem/real

right

自物权jusinrepropria;rightoffull

ownership

所有权dominium;ownership;title

所有权凭证documentoftitle;titleof

ownership

占有权dominiumutile;equitableownership

使用权rightofuse;righttouseof

收益权righttoearnings;righttoyields

处分权rightofdisposing;jusdispodendi

善意占有possessioningoodfaith

恶意占有maliciouspossession

按份共有severalpossession

共同共有jointpossession

他物权jusinrealiena

用益物权realrightforusufruct

使用权righttouse;rightofuse

土地使用权righttotheuseofland

林权forestownership

采矿权miningownership

经营权managerialauthority;powerof

management

承包经营权righttocontractedmanagement

相邻权neighboringright;relatedright

地上权superficies

永佃权jusemphyteuticum;righttolanded

estategrantedinperpetuitythroughacontract

地役权servitude;easement

人役权servituspersonarum;personal

servitude

担保物权realrightforsecurity

物的担保securityforthing

物的瑕疵担保warrantyagainstdefectofa

thing

抵押权hypotheca;hypothecation;rightto

mortgage

抵押权的设定creationofrighttomortgage

抵押人mortgagor

抵押权人mortgagee

抵押标的物collateral;estateundermortgage

抵押权的效力deffectofrighttomortgage

抵押权的次序sequenceofrighttomortgage

抵押权的抛弃abandonmentofrightto

mortgage

抵押权的让与alienationofrighttomortgage

抵押权的实现materializationofrightto

mortgage

抵押权的消灭extinctionofrightto

mortgageregistrationofestateundermortgage

抵押物登记registrationofestateunder

mortgage

抵押优先权priorityofmortgage

留置权lien

一般留置权generallien

特别留置权speciallien

质权hypotheque;pledge;rightofpledge

佃权tenantright

债权jusinpersonam;righttogiveorprocure;

claim;creditor’sright

债权人creditor

债务人debtor

相对人counterpart;offeree

给付give;pay

债务debt;liability;obligation

债务的偿还paymentofdebt

债务的偿清dischargeofdebt

债务的担保guaranteeofdebt

债务的合并consolidationofdebt

债务的给付日期debtmaturity

债务的免除exemptionofdebt

债的分类obligatio;obligation

法定之债legalobligation

任意之债voluntaryobligation

简单之债simpleobligation

选择之债alternativeobligation

主债prime/principalobligation

从债accessoryobligation

单一之债singleobligation

按份之债severalobligation

5/10

法律英语

连带之债jointobligation

特定之债certainobligation

种类之债indefiniteobligation

合同之债contractualobligation

侵权行为之债tortobligation

损害赔偿之债obligationofcompensation

forinjury;obligationofdamages

人身损害damagetoperson

精神损害moral/mental/spiritualdamage

医药费hospitaltreatmentexpense

医疗费medicalcharge

抚恤金pension

慰问金consolationmoney

产品瑕疵defectofproduct

不当得利unjustenrichment

无因管理voluntaryservice

债的担保guaranteeofobligation

财产担保propertyguarantee

信用担保creditguarantee

让与担保alienationguarantee

保证guaranty

明示保证expressguaranty

默示保证impliedguaranty

保证人guarantor

保证合同contractofguaranty/suretyship

保证金guarantybond;securitydeposit

押金deposit;foregift

预付款advancedpayment

定金earnestmoney;deposit

违约金liquidateddamages

法定违约金liquidateddamagesbylaw

约定违约金liquidateddamagesby

agreement

债的履行performanceofobligation

实际履行原则doctrineofspecific

performance

情事变更原则doctrineofchangeof

circumstances

不当履行misfeasance

清偿discharge;satisfaction

提存debtor’ssubmissionofthesubject

matterofobligationtocompetentauthority

抵销setoff

知识产权intellectualproperty

知识产权国际保护internationalprotection

ofintellectualproperty

国民待遇原则doctrineofnationaltreatment

优先权原则arightofprioritydoctrine

自动保护原则doctrineofautomatic

protection

特许权使用费royalties

智力成果intellectualproperty

著作权copyright

版权copyright

著作权人copyrightowner

创作creation

作品opus;product;work

著作人格权rightofpersonalityofcopyright

发表权rightofpublication

署名权rightofauthorship;rightofpaternity

修改权rightofmodification;rightof

revision

完整性保持权righttomaintainintegrity

不可侵犯权inviolability

收回权rightofrecall;rightofretrieval

自费出版publishabookattheauthor’sown

expense

著作财产权propertyrightinwork

使用收益分享权righttoshareusufruct

利用权righttomakeuseof

获得报酬权righttogetpayment

重播权rightofrebroadcasting

录制权rightoffixation

机械复制权rightofmechanograph;rightof

mechanicalreproduction

著作邻接权neighboringrightofcopyright

剽窃plagiary;plagiarism

盗版pirate

盗版VCDpiratedVCD

伪造forge

工业产权industrialproperty

专利权patentright

优先权日prioritydate

申请在先原则priorapplicationrule

使用在先priorityofuse

新颖性novelty

创造性creativity

6/10

法律英语

实用性practicability

发明创造inventionandcreation

实用新型utilitymodel

外观设计design;industrialdesign

发明权rightofinvention

发现权rightofdiscovery

专利申请patentapplication

专利异议objectiontoapatent

专利公告patentgazette

专利续展费renewalfeeofpatent

专利许可协议patentlicensingagreement

技术诀窍know-how

专有技术know-how

专利证书certificateofpatent

专利事务所patentoffice

专利代理patentagency

中华人民共和国专利局PatentOfficeofthe

People’sRepublicofChina

商标权trademarkright

商标国际注册internationalregistrationof

trademark

商品商标commoditytrademark

服务商标servicetrademark

驰名商标reputedtrademark

广告商标advertisementtrademark

近似商标similartrademark

商标评审委员会tradereviewandappraisal

board

商标审查trademarkexamination

商标侵权trademarkinfringement

商标注册registeredtrademark

商标公告trademarkgazette

注册商标使用许可licensingofregistered

trademark

注册商标转让assignmentofregistered

trademark

商标使用许可协议trademarklicensing

agreement

商标事务所trademarkoffice

商标代理trademarkagency

婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage,family,

inheritance,adoption

婚姻法maritallaw;marriagelaw

包办婚姻arrangedmarriage

财产分割partition;dismembermentof

property

重婚bigamy

独生子女onlychild

法律婚legalmarriage

非婚生子女illegitimatechild

夫妻共同财产communityproperty

夫妻关系conjugalrelationship

夫妻分居divorceamensaetthoro;divorce

frombedandboard

复婚resumptionofmarriage

感情破裂incompatibility

婚后财产公证notarizationofpostnuptial

properties

婚姻登记marriageregistration

婚生子女ligitimatechild

计划生育birthcontrol

结婚marry

离婚divorce

买卖婚姻mercenarymarriage

拟制血亲bloodrelationsinfictionoflaw

旁系血亲collateralrelationbloodrelation

涉外婚姻marriagewithforeignelements

配偶spouse

事实婚defactomarriage

诉讼离婚divorcebylitigation

探视权visitationright

同居cohabitation

晚婚latemarriage

无效婚姻voidmarriage

协议离婚divorcebyagreement

一夫一妻制monogamy

早婚earlymarriage

直系血亲linealdescent

自然血亲naturalbloodrelation

收养法adoptionlaw

收养协议adoptionagreement

收养人adoptiveparent

送养人personorinstitutionplacingouta

childforadoption

涉外收养adoptionwithforeignelements

继承法inheritancelaw;lawofsuccession

法定继承legalseccession

7/10

法律英语

遗嘱继承intestatesuccession

遗赠继承successionbydevise

自然继承naturalsuccession

代位继承representation;successionby

subrogation

世袭继承hereditarysuccession

间接继承indirectsuccession

转继承subsuccession

共同继承jointsuccession

单独继承singlesuccession

继承人heir;successor

第二顺序继承人successorsecondinorder

第一顺序继承人successorfirstinorder

继承参与人successionparticipant

遗产inheritance;heritage

遗产继承人heirtoproperty;inheritor

遗言lastwillandtestament

遗书lastwords

遗赠bequest;legacy;devise

遗赠抚养协议legacy-supportagreement

会计法accountinglaw

税法taxlaw;taxationlaw

反不正当竞争法anti-unfaircompetitionlaw

消费者权益保护法consumer’sinterest

protectionlaw

产品责任法productionliabilitylaw

消费者权益法consumerrightsandinterests

law

公司法companylaw;corporatelaw

公司company;corporation

有限责任公司limitedliabilitycompany

股份有限公司companylimitedbyshares

无限公司unlimitedcompany

股份两合公司jointstocklimitedliability

partnership

两合公司jointliabilitycompany

控股公司holdingcompany

集团公司groupcompany

合资公司jointventurecompany

联营公司associatedcompany;affiliated

company

国营公司state-owncompany

国有公司state-ownedcompany

民营公司civilian-runcompany

本国公司national/domesticcompany

外国公司foreigncompany

上市公司listedcompany

母公司parentcompany

子公司subsidiary

皮包公司briefcasecompany;fundless

company

募集设立incorporationbystockfloatation

发起人floater;initiator

公司名称nameofcompany

公司住址domicileofcompany

出资contribution;capitalsubscription

现金出资investmentincash

实物出资investmentinkind

工业产权出资investmentinindustrial

propertyright

非专有技术出资investmentinnon-patent

technology

劳务出资investmentinlabor

高新技术成果出资investmentinhi-tech

achievements

注册资本registeredcapital

实缴资本paid-incapital

验资报告capitalverificationreport

会计师事务所certifiedpublicaccountants

注册会计师certifiedpublicaccountant

资本三原则threedoctrineofcapital

资本确定原则doctrineofcapital

determination

资本维持原则doctrineofcapital

maintenance

资本不变原则doctrineofunchangingcapital

最低资本额制度minimumcapitalsystem

公司章程articlesofassociation;articlesof

incorporation;bylaw

公司登记incorporation;corporate

registration

公司存续existenceofcompany

公司合并分立mergerandsplitofcompany

公司并购corporatemergerandacquisition

公司管理corporategovernance;company

management

公司法律顾问corporatecounsel

8/10

法律英语

公司整顿companyrectification

公司歇业closureofbusiness

公司和解companycomposition

公司解散companydissolution

公司清算companyliquidation

公司清理companywinding-up

竞业禁止non-commpete;competition

prohibition

招股章程prospectus

股本stockcapital

股东shareholder

股东大会shareholders’meeting

股东大会决议resolutionofshareholders’

meeting

股东大会议事规则ruleofprocedureof

shareholders’meeting

表决权votingright;righttovote

董事director

董事长president/chairmanoftheboard

首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)

首席运营官chiefoperationofficer(COO)

执行董事executivedirector

常务董事managingdirector

董事会boardofdirectors

董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility

systemofthechiefexecutiveofficerunderthe

leadershipoftheboardofdirectors

经理独立负责制managerindependent

responsibilitysystem

监事supervisor

监事会boardofsupervisors

股share;stock

普通股commonstock

特别股specialstock

资格股qualificationstock

优先股preferredstock

劣后股inferiorstock

表决权股stockwithvotingpower

溢价股premiumstock

折价股convertingstock

国家股state-ownedshare

集体股collectiveshare法人股corporate

share

企业股enterpriseshare

个人股individualshare

股息dividend

红股bonusstock;dividendstock

法定公积金legalaccumulationfund

资本公积金capitalaccumulationfund

盈余公积金surplusaccumulationfund

任意公积金optionalaccumulationfund

公司犯罪corporatecrime

证券法securitieslaw

证券发行issuanceofsecurities

证券上市listsecurities;floatanissue

证券交易所stockexchange

证券商securitiesdealer

证券公司securitiescompany

证券承销商consortiumofunderwriters

证券承销合同underwritingcontract

证券经纪人securitiesbroker

披露制度disclosingsystem

交割日closingdate

风险投资基金venturecapitalfund

上海证券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange

深圳证券交易所ShenzhenStockExchange

证券监督委员会securitiessupervision

committee

票据法lawofnegotiableinstrument

票据notes;bills;commercialinstruments

商业票据bill;commercialinstrument

远期票据timebill;;long-datedbill

到期票据maturedbill

即期票据sightbill

记名票据billpayabletoorder;notetoorder

不记名票据bearerinstrument

本票promissorynote

支票cheque

汇票billofexchange

发票日ticketday

出票日dateofdraft/issue

发票地placeofdraft/issue

票据到期illtomature

票据金额sumofbill

票面价额facevalue

票据出票人drawer

票据持票人billholder

9/10

法律英语

票据承兑人billacceptor

票据行为actoncommercialpaper

承兑票据honorabill

票据议付negotiation

拒付票据protestabill

票据付款人drawee

票据支付人payeroncommercialinstrument

票据收款人billcollector

票据背书人endorser/indorserofabill

被背书人endorsee

票据保证人billguarantor

票据被保证人billpledgee/warrantee

再追索人renewedrecourser

前手remoteholder

后手subsequentendorser

票据权利rightofbill

票据期限termofbill;tenor

票据债务人debtorofcommercialinstrument

追索权rightofrecourse

票据抗辩exceptiontobill

票据丧失lossofbill

票据时效prescriptionofexchanges

票据贴现discountofbill

再贴现rediscountofbill

恩惠期间termofbenevolence

票据代理agencyfornotes/bills/commercial

instruments

海商法maritimelaw

船舶国籍证书certificateofregistry;

certificateofship’snationality

船棋国flagcountry

船舶所有权证书certificateofship

ownership

船舶检验registerofship

船舶保险insuranceonhull

船舶保险单hullinsurancepolicy

船舶登记证书certificateofregistry

船舶丈量tonnagemeasurementofships

船舶进港费groundage

船舶抵押shipmortgage

船舶租赁shipchartering

船舶转租shipsubchartering

船舶所有人责任限制limitationofliabilities

ofshipowners

船舶碰撞shipcollision

船舶遇难maritimedistress

海上灾难perilsofthesea

海上拖航marinetowage

船舶扣押detentionofship

船舶债权ship’scredit

船级社classificationsociety

船级证书certificateofclass

海上留置权maritimelien

船舶留置权maritimelien

船舶抵押权maritimemortgage

海上优先请求权priorityclaimtoseagoing

ships

救助优先权priorityclaimtosalvage

共同海损优先权priorityclaimtogeneral

average

服务优先权priorityclaimtoservice

10/10