leisure是什么意思

中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧(潘永红)

中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧潘永红

1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间

的逻辑关系然后才能猜词有时文章借助关联词如becauassinceforsothusas

aresultofcourtherefore等等表示前因后果例如Youshouldnthaveblamed

himforthatforitwasnthisfault通过for引出的句子所表示的原因那不

是他的错可猜出blame的词义是"责备"

2通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词一是要看由and或or

连接的同义词词组如happyandgay即使我们不认识gay这个词也可以知道它是

愉快的意思二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如Manhasknown

somethingabouttheplanetsVenusMarsandJupiterwiththehelpof

spaceships此句中的Venus金星Mars火星Jupiter木星均为生词但只要知

道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域通过反义词猜词一是看表

转折关系的连词或副词如butwhilehowever等二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意

义的词语如Heissohomelynotatallashandsomeashisbrother根据not

atallhandsome我们不难推测出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思

3通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时我们总会遇上一些新词汇有时很难根据

上下文来推断其词意而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用此时如掌握了

一些常用的词根前缀后缀等语法知识这些问题便不难解决了

4通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如Butsometimesnorainfallsfor

alonglongtimeThenthereisadryperiodordrought从drought所在句

子的上文我们得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的时期即drought由此可见

drought意思为"久旱""旱灾"而adryperiod和drought是同义语这种同义或

释义关系常由isorthatisinotherwordsbecalled或破折号等来表示

5通过句法功能来推测词义例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconutsand

someotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas假如pineapples和coconuts

是生词我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思从句中不

难看出pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同类关系同属fruit类因此它

们是两样水果准确地说是菠萝和椰子

6通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而

对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写例如Thepenguinisakindof

abirdlivingintheSouthPoleItisfatandwalksinafunnywayAlthough

itcannotflyitcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish从例句的描

述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的

生活习性

短文改写填空型阅读理解题的解答技巧是首先通读全文对文章的大意有个

初步的了解同时找出文章中的关键句在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点然后

纵览缩写后的短文在了解其大意的同时确定所要填写的内容即词语或短语是否

与已知文段中的相一致填写时一定要仔细比如有的属于固定搭配有的句子是文

中原句的同义句这些只要稍加注意就可避免出错同时还要注意动词时态人称名

词单复数是否有误首字母是否大写句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等最后将改写后

的文章再通读一遍看看改写后的短文是否流畅语句是否通顺同时还要照顾到原

文看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合

MygrandfatherwasateacherHewastheheadmasterofaschool

forboysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteenIknowthathewasa

kindmanbecauwhenIwasyoungandhewasoldhegavemeprents

andsatmeonhiskneesandtoldmestoriesButIbelievetheboysathis

schoolwereafraidofhimAtschoolwhenhewalkedintoaroomfullof

noisyboystheystoppedtalkingatonceWhenhelookedataboywitha

certain某种lookinhiyesthatboywasredinthefaceandlookeddown

athisshoesIfaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherpicked

uptheboysbookandthrewitacrosstheroomshoutingDoitallagain

andbringitbackfirstthinginthemorningIftheboywaslateorif

heforgottobringhisworkhehadtodoitagainandagainandyetagain

MygrandfatherneverforgotAtschoolhewasverydifferentfromtheman

Isawdaybydayinhisownhome

根据短文内容改写每个空格只限填写一个单词

WhenIwasyoungIstudiedata1schoolWewereall2thirteen

andeighteenOurheadmasterwas3oldmanHewaskindbutallof4

wereafraidofhimForexamplewewereplayingtalkingandlaughing5

hecameinatoncetheclassroombecamequietIfaboydidnt6his

homeworkwellorcarefullyhewouldbevery7andaskedtheboyto

doitagainand8Buthis9toldheneverdidthings10that

athome

1boys答案就在短文的第一句话之中但要注意词形的转换这里要用名词所

有格形式

2between文章第一句中的ofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteen

andeighteen是答案的依据

3an这个小题比较简单用不着联系短文内容仅凭语法知识就能解答old以元音音

素开头所以填写不定冠词an

4us由ButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhim可知孩子

们都害怕他短文是以第一人称的口吻写的而改写的短文则是以学生们的身份写

的弄清了这一点此空即能做出

5when短文第二自然段开头的那句话同样是一个以when引导的时间状语从句

6do／finish由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelesswork这句话不难联想到

是学生没有认真做完成作业

7angry由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherwould

pickuptheboysbookandthrowitacrosstheroomshouting这句话可知

如果某个男孩没有很好地完成作业祖父就会把那位学生的书本扔到外面并大声

训斥他重做显然祖父是因为生气了才这么做的

8again由Iftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringtheworkhewould

havetodoitagainandagainandyetagain这句话可以确定此空要填写again

一词

9grandson原文是从theheadmaster的孙子的角度写爷爷在学校与在家里的不

同表现的联系第一自然段和AtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanI

sawdaybydayinhisownhome这句话可知填写grandson是最恰当的

10like通常全文可知作者想表达的意思是祖父在学校里的表现与在家中的表现

截然不同换言之则是祖父在学校的表现从来都不象在家中的样子由此可以得出

这里要填介词like像一样

Inthefuturemachineswillbeimprovedanddomoreandmoreworkfor

manFewpeoplehavetoworkforlonghoursManwillhavemoretimefor

leisureHowwillheuthisleisureintheworldoftomorrowCertainly

hewillstillneedholidays

Inthefuturethecomputerwillhelppeopletofindtherightplace

Thecomputerwillaskthemquestionswhichtheywillanswerbypressing

abuttonIt抣lalsoshowthempicturesandtheywillsaywhichonesthey

likethenthecomputerwilltellthemwgheretofindtheplacetheywant

forholidayTVwillbeudmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeople

toutheirleisuretimewellTherewillbemoreprogrammesonhowto

makeandhowtodothings

InthefuturepeoplewillcertainlyhavetodolessworkMachineswill

takemoreandmoreworkfrommanThismeansthattherestofthetimewill

bemostlyleisuretime

Somescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenough

pleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhereAccordingto

otherscientistsamanwillputonasmallcapThecapwillmakehime

feelandhearallkindsofenjoyablethings

根据短文内容完成下列各题

1Inthefuture_____willdomoreandmoreworkformansomanwill

do_____work

2Peoplewillspendmoretime__________inthefuture

3__________canhelpustofindtheplacewherewewanttospendour

holiday

4TVwillbemoreufulin_____andhelppeopleutheir_____time

well

5Peoplewillliveanenjoyablelife_____going_____

1machinesless由第一段可知在将来机器会代替人类做更多的工作所以

人类的工作会更少

2forleisureenjoyingthemlves由第一段Manwillhavemoretime

forleisure一句可知人们将会有更多的时间休息

3Thecomputer由第三段可知电脑将会帮助人类找到他们想要度假的地方

4educationleisure由文中TVwillbeudmoreineducationItwill

alsohelppeopletoutheirleisuretimewell两句中得到答案

5withoutanywhere在文章最后一段Somescientistssaythatmanof

thefuturewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisown

withoutgoinganywhere中可得知答案

Incourt法庭thejudgeaskstheboynamedHenrysomequestions

JudgeCanyoutellushowtheaccidenthappened

HenryYessirThefarmerdroveveryfastwhenImetwithhimHis

carknockedmedownandhurtmyarm

JudgeTothefarmerWasthatright

FarmerNosirButitrainedheavilyandIcouldntdrivefast

JudgeSoyoudontthinkyouknockedhimdown

FarmerYesIdidButIdidntehimmendinghisbikeinthemiddle

oftheroad

JudgeWellDidyoundhimtoahospital

FarmerYesButthedoctorsaidtherewasnothingrioustohim

JudgeToHenryDoyouagreewithhim

HenryYessirButmyleftarmoftenhurtsandIcantliftitat

all

JudgeCouldyoushowushowyoucanliftitnow

HenrySureSlowlytheboyliftshisarmbelowhisno

JudgePoorboyAndhowhighcouldyouliftitbeforetheaccident

HenryOhIcouldliftitveryhighlikethisHoldinghisleft

armupoverhishead

JudgeButIdontthinktheressomethingwrongwithyourarm

HenryIISoitisButmylawyer律师tellsmetodoso

根据上面的对话在短文的空白处填写一个适当的词使短文内容与对话

意思相符

Ithappenedona1_________dayAboynamedHenrywas2_________

hisbikeontheroadwhileafarmers3______knockedhimdownThefarmer

nthimtoahospitalandthedoctorsaidnothing4________happened

totheboyButhisparentshopedtheboycouldbepaidmore5_________

foritTheyaskedforalawyers6_______Thelawyertaughttheboy7

______tosayincourtHenrytoldthejudgehisarmhurtandthathecouldnt

8________itupThejudgeaskedhimtoshowittohimHecouldliftit

belowhisnoThejudgeaskedhimhow9_______hecouldliftitbefore

theaccidentTheboy10___________whatthelawyersaidandliftedit

overhishead

Deareditor

Iamnotagood-lookingboyandIamnotgoodatstudyingeitherSome

peopledontevenwanttotalktomeSoIusuallyfeellonelySometimes

IthinkthatifIwanttoleavehomenobodywillcareHowcanIstopfeeling

likethis

Peter

DearPeter

ButfirstIamsurethatyouarewrongthatnobodywillcareifyou

leaveyourhomeWhataboutyourparentsAndotherfamilymembersItems

thatyouareverysadYoudbettergotoeadoctorortalktoyourparents

TheycanhelpyouSecondImsuretheressomeoneinyourclasswhofeels

lonelytooYouneverknowhowotherpeoplefeelinsideTrytomakefriends

withthemOryoujoinaclubtomeetnewpeopleandtokeepyourlfbusy

YouneedtofindhappinessinyourlfWritealistofallthegoodthings

aboutyourlfLearntolikeyourlfandthenotherswilleyour

confidence信心andlikeyoutoo

Editor

1Peterisntgoodatandhefeels__________

2Hewritestotheeditortoaskfor_______becauhewantsto

_______feelinglonely

3IfPeterjoinsaclubhecannewpeopleandkeep

busy

4Theeditorsuggests建议thatTomshouldtalktoaand

his

5Peterislackof缺少andheneedstofind________in

himlf

1studyinglonely2helpstop3meethimlf4doctorparents5

confidencehappiness

OnceEiteigavealectureinmanyplaceinAmerica．Hisdriveralway

listenedtohimandknewthelecturesowellthathewassurehecould

giveithimlf．SoEiteiagreedthatthedrivergavethelecture

him．NobodyknewEiteitherethedrivergavethelectureforEiteithat

evening．AtfirsthewasabitafraidbutEiteinssmilemadehimfeel

better．Hegaveagoodlectureandthepeoplewerequiteplead．Thethe

driverstartedtoleaveandEiteifollowedhimwithoutaword．Whenthey

gottothedooramanaskedthedriveradifficultquestion．Thedriver

saidthatthequestionwasveryeasyandtoldthemantoaskhisdriver

behindtoanswerit．

根据短文内容填空每空限填一词

Eiteigavethe1______lectureagainandagain．Hisdriver2

______tohislecturetoomanytimes3______hewantedtogiveit4

______．WhenEiteiknewitheletthedriver5______thelecturefor

himthatnight．Thedrivergavea6______lectureandthegreat

scientistwasquiteplead．Whentheywere7______thelectureroom

amanaskedthedriveraquestion．Toshow8______easythequestion

wasthedriveraskedEiteiwhofollowedhim9______toanswerit10

______ofhim．

KEY1．same2．listened3．that4．himlf5．give6．good7．leaving

8．how9．quietlybehind10．instead

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