西方翻译理论简介课件

Translationtheoriesinthewest
AccordingtoSteiner(1998:248-9),thehistoryofdiscourontranslationisdividedintofourperiods:
(1)a"traditional"period,fromthebeginningoftheChristianeratotheendoftheeighteenthcentury,whichisaperiodof"immediateempiricalfocus“
(2)aperiodof"theoryandhermeneuticinquiry",growingoutofGermanRomanticismaroundthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury,
(3)a"modern"period,reachingwellintothetwentiethcentury,inwhichtheinfluenceofGeneralLinguisticsisincreasinglydominant
(4)thecontemporaryperiod,aculturalturntotranslationstudies.
a"traditional"period
Overtwomillennia,onlyafewauthorshavesucceededinintroducing"anythingfundamentalornew".Thecreatorsandtransformersinclude"SaintJerome,Luther,Dryden,Holderlin,Novalis,Schleiermacher,Nietzsche,EzraPound,"(1998:283)
西塞罗主要观点
译者应该像演说家一样,使用符合古罗马语言****惯的语言来表达外来作品的内容。
直译是缺乏技巧的表现。翻译应保留词语最内层的东西,即意思。
翻译也是文学创作。
各种语言的修辞手段彼此相通,因此翻译可以做到风格对等。
提出“解释员”式翻译和“演说家”式翻译,即直译与意译。
St.Jerome
Heinsistedon“theaccuratetransmissionofthemeaningofthetextratherthanthebuddingorator'sfreelyrangingimagination“.
Heintroduced"thefirstmajorshiftinwesterntranslationtheory“.
Jeromemaintainedthemajortermsofsourcetextandtargettext,originalmeaningandtranslatedmeaning,theconceptsofliteralanddynamictranslation("wordforword"and"nforn“).
Interpretingtheoriginalmeaning"correctlyinordertoreproduceitproperly"(Gentzler1993:95).
MartinLuther
Luther"saimistokeepcommunicationwithreadersandlisteners,buttheaudienceforhisnewtranslationofthescriptureswascompodnotofscholarsbutplainspeakersofvernacularGerman,"themotherinherhou,thechildreninthestreet,andthecommonmaninthemarket"(Robinson1997a:25,modified).
"wild,shaggy,"rebellious"
马丁·路德(1483-1546)
翻译必须采用人民的语言。
翻译必须注重语法和意思的联系。译者不能与语法背道而驰,但更应该注意意思的理解和表达。
翻译必须遵循意译七原则。
翻译必须集思广益。
JohnDryden
InthePrefacetohistranslationofOvid"sEpistles(1680):
"metaphra…turninganauthorwordbyword,andlinebyline,fromonelanguageintoanother“.
“paraphra,ortranslationwithlatitude…where[theauthor’s]wordsarenotsostrictlyfollowedbuthisn”.
"imitation,wherethetranslatorassumestheliberty,notonlytovaryfromthewordsandthen,buttoforsakethembothasheesoccasion"
德莱顿(1631--1700)
翻译是艺术
翻译必须掌握原作特征
翻译必须考虑读者
译者必须绝对服从原作的意思,在译文的措词上可以有自由,意义上却毫无自由。
翻译可以借用外来词
翻译分三类:逐字译、意译、拟作