备考雅思

Section1

nowturntoctionone

oneyouwillhearatelephone

conversationbetweenawomanwhois

llingsomefurnitureandamanwhois

makinginquiriesaboutitfirstyouhave

sometimetolookatquestions1to5

youwillethatthereisanexample

thathasbeendoneforyouAsiansonly

theconversationrelatingtothiswillbe

playedfirstCarolynspeakinghellomy

nameisLincolnFaradayandI'mrunning

toeifyoustillhavethebedroom

furniturethatyouadvertidforsale

yestherearethreeitemslefttobedside

tablesandadressingtable

thewomansaidshehasthreeitems

availablesothreehasbeenwrittenin

thespacenowweshallbeginyou

shouldanswerthequestionsasyou

listenbecauyouwillnothearthe

recordingacondtimelistencarefully

andanswerquestionsonetofive

helloCarolynspeakinghellomynameis

LincolnFaradayandI'mringingtoe

ifyoustillhavethebedroomfurniture

thatyouadvertidforsaleyesthere

arethreeitemslefttobedsidetables

andadressingtableohgoodthey're

justtheitemsaren'taftertellme

what'stheconstructionofthebedside

tablesImeanwhataretheymadeof

wellthey'reamatchingpairandthey're

madeofwoodbutthewoodhasbeen

paintedit'snotbrownanymoreit's

beenpaintedcreamloolyeachtable

hasashelfandtwodrawersohandthe

drawershavesquarebrasshandles

quitemodernandquitenicereallyand

whataboutthedimensionswelleach

tableis50centimeterswidethat'sgood

muchbiggerthanthatandthey

wouldn'tfitbesidemybedIliveinan

apartmentwherethebedroomsare

quitesmallwhatIreallyneedtoknowis

howtalltheyareyouemybed'squite

high65centimetreshighand45

centimetersdeepthanksjustacouple

morequestionsaboutthebedsalad

tableswhatconditionaretheyinand

howmucharetheythey'reinperfect

conditionthereisn'tamarkonthemI

hadthempaintedprofessionallyyou

knowsothefinishismuchbetterthan

you'dnormallyexpectasforhowmuch

Ithink15poundachwouldbefairbut

I'llonlyllthemasapairsothat's30

poundsallupbeforeyouheartherest

oftheconversationyouhavesometime

tolookatquestionssixtoten

younowlistenandanswerquestionssix

totennocanyoutellmeaboutthe

dressing-tableyesitmatchestheother

cablesincolorandstylegoodhow

manydrawersdoesithavefive

altogetherandthebottom2drawers

holdwaristheredeephmmthe

dimensionshowwideisit

that'sallIneedtoknowitwouldn'tbe

morethanametreandahalfwouldit

welljustunderactuallyit'sonepoint

twofivemetersacrossdoesithavea

mirrorthreesorryithasthreemirrors

youknowacentraloneandanarrower

oneoneachsideandthey'reall

adjustableIeandtheoverall

conditionofthedressingtablewellit

hasacoupleofscratchesonthesurface

butit'sstillingoodconditionsoI'm

asking50poundscanIlickaroundand

havealooklatertodaywhattimewere

youthinkingoffinabouthalfanhour

ohyesthat'sfinebythewaymyname

isCarolynKleinit'sonthegateatthe

frontofthehouKleinisthathowyou

knowIandIIthat'srightandIliveat

19themainroaddidyousaytheBlaine

RoadnodomainDomaInRoadthat's

justoffAshgroveisn'tityeseyou

soonthenyesinabout30minutes

thatistheendofctiononeyounow

havehalfaminutetocheckyour

answers

Section2

nowturntoctiontwoctiontwo

youwillhearanemployeeof

thesportsSuperCentergivingaguided

tourthefacilitiesinthecenterfirst

youhavesometimetolookat

questions11to17

listencarefullyandanswerquestions11

to17

it'ssonicethatthere'ssomanypeople

hereonouropendayIhopeyou'llbe

impresdbywhatyoueandthat

you'llalldecidetojoinupwehave

triedtocoverallaspectsofsportand

fitnesshereatthecenterwelllet's

startshallweaswe'restandinghereat

receptionlookingdownthelong

corridoryou'llnoticethecarparkon

yourlistwheremostofyouhaveparked

asksyoutoreverintotheparking

spacesforsafetyreasonsalsothis

morningacoupleofkeenpotential

membersrodetheirbikesrightin

throughthedoorinsteadofleaving

theirbikesoutsidethereonyourright

whethercurebikestandsourandyou

maybewonderingwhythereareso

manymothersarrivingwithlittle

childrenasweproceedyou'llethat

thisfirstroomonyourrightisacreche

whereyoucanleaveyourlittleonesfor

uptotwohoursandthey'llbeexpertly

supervidwhileyouworkoutafterthe

crashonthesamesideofthecorridoris

themalelockerroomwithshowersspa

and

saunaalltofitthatonyourleft

there'sastaircaleadingtothe

mezzanineflooryou'llnotonlygeta

greatviewoutovertheplayingfield

butyou'llalsofindacoffeeshopand

snackbarllingarangeofwholesome

foodanddrinksproteinshakesfruit

smoothiesthatkindofthingwewon't

goupthestairsatthispointI'llgive

yousometimelaterwhenyoucan

exploreatyourleisuremostofyouin

thegroupofwomensonextletme

pointoutthewomen'slockerroom

whichhasthesamefacilitiesasthe

men'syouknowthingslikeshowersspa

andsaunait'sparatedfromthemen's

lockerroombyanofficewhichthestaff

mainlyudforadministrativepurpos

aswemoveononthesamesideofthe

corridorasthestairsyou'llethe

entranceforthemainhallwherethey

holdyogaclassaerobicsandsoonon

thewallherethereisatimetableofall

groupclassanditisupdatedregularly

nowoppositethehallisthegymnasium

itlfgoaheadhavealookimpressive

isn'titthereisspaciouslightandairy

withallthemostmodernequipmentas

wecontinuedownthecorridorpastthe

mainhallonthesamesidethereisa

conferenceroomthisismainlyud

whenthecenterishostingabigsports

eventofsomekinditgivestheofficials

aquietplacetogatherandhave

meetingsandsoonyou'llhaveenthe

400-meterAthleticstrackonyourway

inbesidethecarpark

wehavesomeprettybigathletics

conventionsherewellafterastrenuous

workoutIbetthere'snothingyou'dlike

morethanaswimintheAquatic

Complex

butfirsttheroomsonourrightare

allpartoftheSportsMedicineClinic

whereyouhaveaccesstoadoctor

physiotherapistmassagetherapist

podiatristandevenasports

psychologistifyouneedoneofcour

you'llneedtomakeappointmentsbutif

youhaveanyquestionsjustpopinand

etheclinicreceptionistandshe'll

helpyououtoklet'sgothroughthe

turnstileaheadofusandherewearein

theAquaticCentreturnleftpastthe

poolshopwhereyoucanbuyorhire

gogglesswimmingcapsandsuchlike

andwe'reoutsidepoolsidebeautiful

isn'titespeciallyonadayliketoday

goondipyourtoesinthewaterandif

that'snotwarmenoughforyouthenI'll

takeyoutotheindoorpoolwhichis

lessthanhalfthesizebutheatedto32

degreeslet'sgobackpastthepoolshop

andthroughthedoubledoorstothe

indoorpoolwellthat'sallIhavetime

toshowyoulet'sgobacktothe

receptionareaandifyoulikewecan

runthroughsomedetailsaboutopening

hoursmembershipandsoon

beforeyouheartherestofthetalkyou

havesometimetolookatquestions18

to20nowlistenandanswerquestions

18to20

nowinthisbrochureyou'llethe

openinghoursthecenterisopen7days

from5:9:to

Friday

exceptforpublicholidayswhichfollows

Sunday'stimetableonSaturdayswe

open

atthesametimeasweekdaysand

clod

alittleearliersothat'7

rdaysandonSundays

everyonegetsussleepinyoucancome

5p.m.

membershipfeescoveraccesstothe

gymgroupclassandthepoolbutif

youwanttojoinaswimsquadtotrain

withacoachyoushouldinquireat

receptionforpricesandtimetablesin

thegympersonaltrainingisavailable

fromoneofourdedicatedteamof

trainersandreceptionwe'llhavemore

informationonwhoisfreewhenand

whathourlyratesapplyhoweverthere

isalwaysacertificatedinstructor

on-handinthegymatalltimesfor

adviceandhelpandonceyour

membershipispaidyou're

entitledtoafreehealthasssmentand

you'llgetaprogramdesignedtomeet

yourownparticularneedsyou'llneed

tobookatimeforthiswiththegym

instructornowifyou'reamumordad

rememberyoucanleaveyourchildren

inthecrashtheytakebabiesfromsix

weeksoldbookingsareesntial

thoughandyou'llhavetocheckthe

websitefourtimesandpricing

membersarealsoentitledtotennis

lessonsonaTuesdayorThursday

from9:00till10:30butbookingsare

esntialsoringNataliehernumberis

hereinthebrochuretorerveaplace

wellIthinkthat'sitanyquestions

thatistheendofction2younow

havehalfaminutetocheckyour

answers

Section3

nowturntoctionthree

ctionthreeyouwillheara

conversationbetweenarearch

student

Jeremyandhissupervisortheyare

talkingabouttheprocessofhavinga

rearchprojectpublishedinajournal

firstyouhavesometimetolookat

questions21to25

listencarefullyandanswer

21to25

soyou'renearlyreadytosubmityour

articletoanacademicjournalareyou

yesIthinksoIjustwantedtogoover

allthethingsIneedtodobeforeI

submititandthenIwantedtogoover

thesubmissionprocesswithyougreat

sofirstlyyouneedtowriteanabstract

makesureit'sshortandconciof

courIforgotallaboutthat

andwhataboutkeywordshuhyesalot

ofstudentsoverlookthispartandjust

jotdownwhatevercomestomindbut

takesometimetomakealistofkey

wordsthatareaccurateandrelevant

okayanotherthingcouldyouhavea

lookatmyarticlebeforeIsubmitit

absolutelyactuallyatleasttonior

staffmembersshouldalwaysread

throughafinaldraftbeforesubmission

doyoumindifIgiveittoprofessor

Johnsontohavealookataswellnotat

allI'dbegladtohavethefeedbackdo

youknowwhichjournalyouwantto

submitto

yetnotyetIhaveashortlistofabout

threethatI'minterestedinmakethat

decisionsoonbecauyou'llneedto

adjustyourarticlesothatitmatches

thestyleguideofthejournalyouare

submittingtoIbetthatcantakea

whileyesbutafterthatyouarejust

aboutreadytosubmitonemorething

you'llhavetosignthecopyrightform

justconfirmingthatit'syourownwork

andthenyou'regoodtogo

beforeyouheartherestofthe

conversationyouhavesometimeto

lookatquestions26to30

nowlistenandanswerquite

26to30nowthesubmissionprocess

howdoesitworkexactly

wellthefirstthingistojustndit

offyou'vegottondinthemanuscript

beforeanythingelcanhappensure

andthenshouldIcallthecheckifthey

havereceiveditnoneedforthat

noallyouhavetodoisjustlogonto

youremailregularlybecauyouwill

getasubmissionconfirmationonce

theyhaveprocesdthemanuscript

andthatwillhavecommentsonwhat

theyfathernonocommentsyetthat

emailisjustto

letyouknowtheyhavereceiveditthe

nextstageiswhatisknownaspeer

reviewthisiswhenexpertsinthefield

reviewyourmanuscriptanddecide

whethertoacceptityeahthey'llnever

acceptmeI'monlyamasterstudent

don'tworryaboutthatJeremyit'sall

donethroughadouble-blindmethod

thatmeansthatwhoeverreadsyour

manuscript

hasnoideawhetheryouareagrad

studentoraNobelPrizelaureate

they'llonlybejudgingyourworknot

youwellthat'sgoodtohearandthen

whatoncethey'vemadetheirdecision

welltherearefourpossibleoutcomes

youmightgetanacceptancebutafirst

offacceptanceisveryveryraredon't

pinyourhopesonityoucouldalsoget

arejectionbutthedon'thappenvery

ofteneitherIdon'tthinkthiswillbe

aproblemwhatdoyouthinkI'llgetif

you'reveryluckyyou'llgeta

conditionalacceptancethismeansthat

they'veacceptedthearticleanditwill

bepublishedbutyouneedtotweaka

fewthingsfirstantenceherea

headingtherenothingmajorthat

soundsgoodbuttobehonestyouwill

probablyendupwithareviand

resubmitthismeanstheyaredefinitely

interestedbutyouwillneed

toreworkthepaperbeforeit's

acceptedthenecessarychangeswillbe

outlinedbythereviewersokaysoIjust

fixthethingsthatneedchangingand

prentitagainyes

includeacoverletterthatdiscuss

thechangesyouhavemadethesame

goesforaconditionalacceptance

actuallyithelpsthereviewersethat

you'vetakentheircriticismriously

thatistheendofction3younow

havehalfaminutetocheckyour

answers

Section4

ctionfouryouwillhearatalkonthe

importanceofsoilinorganic

agriculturefirstyouhavesometimeto

lookatquestions31to40

listencarefullyandanswerquestions

theone240welcometothistalkonsoil

scienceandorganicfarmingdirtsoil

earthloammudordustitdoesn't

matterwhatyoucallitisofprimary

importanceintheproductionoffood

andothercropsmostpeoplethinkofit

justasasubstrateormediuminwhich

plantsgrowbutit'smorethanthat

it'sactuallyalivingentityorit

shouldbeifit'shealthyandhuman

healthisaffectedbythehealthofthe

soilhealthylivingsoilisliterally

crawlingwithlifetherearetheobvious

earthwormswhichburrowinthesoil

andhelptoaerateandimproveit

beetlesandotherhardbackinctsand

variousinvertebrateslikecentipedes

thentherearefungiandbacteriaalso

livingformshealthysoilneedsfoodair

andwatertohelpplantsgrowandthe

morenutrientsinplantsthemore

availableforhumansandlivestockit

standstoreasonthereforethatplants

growninpoorsoilwillhavefew

nutrientstopassontotheconsumer

whowellbeingwillbeworoffover

thelongtermsowheretwoplantsget

theirnourishmentmostof

itcomesfromthesoilsomenutrients

aremadeupasmineralsfromtheearth

whileotherscomefromdeadplantand

animalmatterwhichisbrokendown

overtimebythelivinginctsandother

organismsinthesoilplantsdependon

thelittlelivingcreaturestoconvert

mineralsandothervitalelementsintoa

utilizableformthatcanbetakenupby

theplantsandit'sasynergistic

relationshipinturntheplantsassist

thohealthfulorganismsbyreleasing

sugarsandenzymesbackintothesoil

beforeIgoanyfurtherlet'stakea

lookatthestructureofsoilnowifyou

lookatthediagramyouwillethat

soilismadeupasmanydifferentlayers

let'sstartatthebottomthisisthe

bedrockunderalltheotherlayersthe

layerabovethatiscalledregolithhere

thebedrockslightlybrokenupbutplant

rootsdon'tpenetratethislayermoving

upthecharttothenextlayerwecome

tothesubsoilwhichcontainsclayand

mineraldepositsontopofthatisthe

alleviationorleachinglayerthisisquite

lightincolorandismostlyjustsandand

siltaswegetnearthesurfacewefind

thetopsoilyouwillhearalotoftalk

abouttopsoilamongstfarmersand

otheragriculturalistsit'sthemost

importantlayerofallbecauit'swhere

edsgerminateandrootsgrownowat

thetopofthechartyouwillea

comparativelythinlayerthisisorganic

matterthatisstillintheprocessof

decompositionitmostlyconsistsofleaf

litterandhoumousjustthinkofthe

surfaceoftheforestfloorpartly

decayedleavesandtwigsthatsortof

thingasyoucanimaginegoodsoil

formsveryslowlyovertimebutitcan

belostveryrapidlythrougherosionand

inadditionsoilqualitycanbeaffected

bypollutionduetoanythingfrom

industrialwastetotheartificial

fertilizersudbyconventionalfarmers

whichhavebeenshowntosuppressthe

diverlifeformsinthesoilthisis

whyorganicagricultureisthewayof

thefuturelet'stakeaquicklookatthe

conventionalsystemwhichisoften

badonmonoculturetheproduction

ofasinglelargecropitrelieson

chemicalsforfertilizerandpestcontrol

itisalsobecominganincreasingly

commonpracticetougenetically

engineerededsandmorechemicals

areudtocontrolinctsandfungi

whichattackcropsinstorageand

duringtransportationalsodidyouknow

that

thereisnorequirementfor

conventionalgrowerstomaintain

recordsoftheirproductionpractices

organicgrowersontheotherhand

choothemostenvironmentally

friendlyoptionsfordealingwithpests

anddiaproblems

workingtowardspreventioninthefirst

placesomeofthestrategiesthey

employincludesalternatingthecrops

grownineachfieldasoppodtomono

croppingbecaudifferentplantsadd

differentnutrientstothesoil

byrotatingcropsthesoilisnaturally

replenishedthiscandoawaywiththe

needsofpesticidesbecauthe

probleminctslifecyclesarenaturally

interruptedsurroundingcropswith

greenwastecannotonlyconrve

moistureinthesoilbutitcanprevent

weedsfromspringingupanditalso

feedsthebeneficialmicroorganisms

whenit'splowedunderitfeedsthesoil

bybuildingmoreorganicmatterorganic

farmersoftenreleabeneficialincts

aspredatorswhichprecludestheneed

forartificialpesticidesanimalmanure

combinedwithgreenwastematerials

correctlycompostedtokillpathogens

andweededsfertilizesthesoilina

waythatencouragesliferatherthan

suppressingitandbythewaytheuof

manureinorganicfarmingishighly

regulatedinfactallagricultural

inputsareevaluatedfortheirlong-term

effectsontheenvironmentregardless

ofwhethertheyaresyntheticornatural

tosumuporganicfarmingistheonly

sustainablewayoffeedingthepeople

onthisplanetandkeepingboththe

planet