2014年12月四级真题

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2014年12月

英语四级真题及答案

PartIWriting

(主观题)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashort

hereasonsatleast

120Nomorethan180words.

【参考范文】

Everyuniversityoffersnumerouskindsofactivitiestoenrichstudents'

ftheyoungcollegestudents,Ihavebenefitedalot

fromallofthewell-organizedactivities,buttheoneimpressingmemostisthe

debatecompetitionwhichItookpartinlastyear.

Thatwasadebatecompetitionbetweendifferentmajorsandthetopicwasabout

tteredmostisnottheresultofthe

debate,butgatheringbackgroundinformationandpracticingtheprocessofdebate.

Also,noindividualcouldaccomplishthechallengingtaskallbyherlforhimlf,

spiritandco-operationhasbeenimprovedalotandIbelievethisismoreprecious

thanwinningorlosing.

Tobebrief,weshouldparticipateinmorecampusactivities,notonlycanwe

getabetterunderstandingofwhatwehavelearntbefore,butalsomakenewfriends

anddiscoverourinterests.

附：作文评分标准

本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和

0分。各档次的评分标准见下表：

档次评分标准

13-15切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

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17

页

分

10-12

分

切题。表达思想清楚，文字较连贯，但有少量语言错误。

7-9分

基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有

一些是严重错误。

4-6分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。

1-3分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

0分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或作文与主题毫不相关。

PartIIListening

Directions：Inthisction，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

ndofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

econversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

thepau,youmustreadthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)，rk

thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Question1

isnotgoodatbalancinghisbudget.

lgopurchathegiftherlf.

tshouldnotbetooexpensive.

egongingtoJane'shou-warmingparty.

Question2

itewillingtogivethewomanahand.

spatiencetogothroughthestatistics.

reparedthestatisticsforthewoman.

anshouldtakeacourinstatistics.

Question3

55ismissingfromthewoman'sscripts.

nnotbegintheirrecordingrightaway.

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andoesnottaketherecordingriously.

wantstomakesomechangesinthescripts.

Question4

eofCarl'swedding.

thdayofCarl'sbride.

ficanteventinJuly.

ationforawedding.

Question5

anforgottotellthemaninadvance.

wasabntfromtheweeklymeeting.

anwasannoyedattheman'xcu.

wasinchargeofschedulingmeetings.

Question6

anisamarvelouscook.

anhasjustboughtanoven.

hastoleaveinhalfanhour.

cannotwantforhismeal.

Question7

canbesthelptheman.

hemangotthebadnews.

emsllwellinthestore.

rthemancankeephisjob.

Question8

ancansignupforaswimmingclass.

sinthephysicaleducationdepartment.

anhasthepotentialtoswimlikeafish.

dliketoteachthewomanhowtoswim.

Questions9to11arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

Question9

hesinalawschool.

sclassicalmusic.

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iplomat.

onderfullecturer.

Question10

eaplay.

dasoccergame.

mephotos.

edadance.

Question11

idedtogetmarriedinthreeyears.

herobjectedtoEric’sflyinglessons.

istedthatEricpursuegraduatestudies.

hersaidshecouldmarryEricrightaway.

Questions12to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

Question12

.

r.

list

.

Question13

utifulAmazonrainforests.

ilwayunderconstruction.

ngesintheAmazonvalley.

wlydiscoveredscenicspot.

Question14

weeklies.

papers'Sundayeditions.

aleveningpaper.

nes.

Question15

ployedbyanewspaper.

meaprofessionalwriter.

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herarticlestoanewsrvice.

erlifestorypublishedsoon.

Directions

：

Inthisction

，

ndofeachpassage

，

youwillhear

ouheara

question

，

youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

Question16

gone'shead.

one'shand.

guptheforefinger.

gtherightthumbdown.

Question17

gawayfromthem.

gacirclewithfingers.

one'sheadthem.

orpointingtothem.

Question18

gone'ssuperiorintheeye.

gone'sarmsfoldedwhiletalking.

gthesoleofone'sfoottoaguest.

lotofgesturesduringaconversation.

PassageTwo

Questions19to21arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

Question19

dtobegforfootaftertheharvest.

ewwheatandcornonasmallfarm.

aredasmallflatwiththeirrelatives.

ldrenwalkedtoschoolondirtroads.

Question20

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uador'sAndesMountains.

annualincomeof$2800.

aplottobuildahomeon.

eirchildrentoschool.

Question21

ievementsoftheTrickleUpProgram.

rldwideeconomicrevolution.

entformsofassistancetotheneedy.

eofpoorpeopleindevelopingcountries.

PassageThree

Questions22to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

Question22

ehighlynsitivetocold.

evitallyimportanttoourlife.

ealivingpartofourbody.

eachiefsourceofourpain.

Question23

oberemovedintimebyadentist.

areoraldiaamongoldpeople.

ainsmanynervesandbloodvesls.

ickyandcolorlessfilmontheteeth.

Question24

hangeintoacidscausingdamagetotheiroutercovering.

tlyreducestheirresistancetotheattacksofbacteria.

stheirnervesandbloodveslsmorensitivetoacidfood.

ineswithfoodparticlestoformafilmontheirsurface.

Question25

rticles.

ea.

thylivinghabits.

alcrosion.

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Stuntpeople(

替身演员

)arenotmoviestars,buttheyarethehiddenheroesofmanymovies.

akespearemayhaveudtheminfight

od,smust(26)______enemies'

ightsmustbefoughtwith(27)______lactorsareusually

most

likeplanningadanceperformance.

Ifamoviesceneisdangerous,stunpeopleusually(28)______

s(29)______his

eoplemust(30)______eight

nclo-upsareneeded,thefilm(31)______

thestar.

Somestuntpeople(32)______tance,astunt

leaptfromplanesandeven

mprequiredcarefulplanningandexpert(33)______.

therstunts,hecouldjumpfroma

condstorywindowontoahor'(34)______thefamoustrickofslidingunderamoving

also(35)______heonlystunt

manevertogetanOscar.

PartIIIReading

Directions：Inthisction,required

tolectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowing

markthecorrespondingletter

not

uanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Fordecades,AmericanshavetakenforgrantedtheXXXXdevelopmentofnew

ovations(创新)XXXXopmentduringWorldWarIIandafterwards

were(37)_____totheprosperityofthenationinthecondhalfofthe20thcentury.

Thoinnovations,uponwhichvirtuallyallaspectsof(38)_____societynowdepend,

werepossiblebecautheUnitedStatesthen(39)_____theworldinmathematicsand

,however,despiteincreasingdemandforworkerswithstrong

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skillsinmathematicsandscience,the(40)_____ofdegreesawardedinscience,math,

andengineeringaredecreasing.

ThedeelingindegreeproductioninwhatarecalledtheSTEMdisciplines(science,

technology,engineering,andmath.)emstobe(41)_____relatedtothecomparatively

childrenoninternationalasssmentsofmathand

ing

tothe2005reportoftheBusinessHigherEducationForum,22percentofcollege

freshmenmusttakeremediat(补习的)math(42)_____,andlessthanhalfofthestudents

whoplantomajorinscienceorengineering(43)_____completeamajorinthofields.

TheresulthasbeenadecreainthenumberofAmericancollegegraduateswho

havetheskills,(44)_____inmathematics,topoweraworkforcethatcankeepthe

countryattheforefront(前言)

the(45)_____performanceofAmericanstudentsinmathandsciencehascomeincread

competitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathavestronglysupportededucation

restudentarn(46)_____intheSTEMdisciplinesindeveloping

countriesthanintheUnitedStates.

rating

ly

y

porary

s

al

ing

s

ally

ures

tions

s

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37答案：F

38答案：D

39答案：K

40答案：N

41答案：C

42答案：E

43答案：B

44答案：I

45答案：G

46

答案：

H

Directions

：

Inthisction

，

fytheparagraphfromwhich

ragraphismarked

thequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Bansugarydrinksthatwilladdfueltotheobesitywar

[A]OnatrainlastThursday,Isatoppositeamanwhowassofathefilledmore

aleanddisfiguredandlookedsicktodeath,whichheprobably

was:obesity(肥胖的)garoundthecarriage,

Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,includingacoupleoffattychildrenwithswollen

eoplearepartofwhatiswithout

exaggerationanepidemic(流行病)ofobesity.

[B]Butitisquiteunnecessary:thereisasimpleidea-farfromnew-thatcould

sparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronic(长期的)illhealth,andatthe

sametimesavetheNationalHealthService(NHS)atleast￡14billionayearinEngland

ould,youmightthink,

simpleideaisthatsugarisasgood-orasbad-aspoisonandshouldbeavoided.

Itispure,whiteanddeadly,asProfessorJohnYudkindescribedit40yearsagoin

titlewasHowSugarIsKillingUs.

[C]Initscountlesshiddenforms,inreadymeals,junkfoodandsweetdrinks,

sugarleadstoaddiction(瘾),tohormonaluptstotheappetite,tometabolic(新

陈代谢的)malfunctionsandobesityandfromtheretotype2diabetes(糖尿病)andits

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lereallygraspedthat,theywouldtrytokick

thehabit,particularlyasBritainisthe“fatmanofEurope”.Theymighteven

feeldriventosupportgovernmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthis

arthisideahasmetlittlebutresistance.

[D]Itisnotdifficulttoimaginethevestedinterests(既得利益集团)linedup

againstanysugarcontrol-allthefoodanddrinkmanufacturers,processors,

promotersandretailerswhomakesucheasypickingsoutofthemagicpowersofsugar.

Thentherearetheliberals,withwhomIwouldnormallyside,whoprotestthat

governmentregulationwouldbeyetanotherinstanceofinterferenceinourlives.

[E]Thatistrue,butpeopleshouldrealizethatyoucannothaveawelfarestate

withoutanannystate(保姆国家),ealltoberesponsiblefor

oneanother’shealthinsurance,throughsocializedmedicine,thenweareallcloly

involvedinoneanother’shealth,includingeveryone’

hasalreadybeenadmitted,finally,asyettobeadmittedwith

overeating,eventhoughoneinfouradultsinthiscountryisobeandthatnumber

partfromanythingel,obesitywill

crippletheNHS.

[F]Recently,though,therehavebeensignsthatthemedicalestablishmentis

nththeAcademyofMedicalRoyal

Colleges(AMRC)publishedareportsayingthatobesityisthegreatestpublichealth

issueaffectingtheUKandurginggovernmenttodosomething.

[G]Thereportoffers10recommendations,ofwhichthefirstisimposingatax

of20percentonsugarydrinksforatleastayear,ontopoftheexisting20percent

untsofsugarin

softdrinksarehorrifying,essorTerenceStephenson,

headoftheAMRC,hassaid,sugarysoftdrinksare“

dydidn’tevolvetohandlethiskindofthing.”

[H]ksofeatingtoomuchfatorsalt(whicharevery

different)s

everywhere.

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[I]Itisdifficulttobuyanythinginasupermarket,otherthanplain,unprepared

meat,fishorvegetables,thatdoesn’s

comeaboutbecautheprevailingscientificviewsofthe1960sand1970signored

theevidenceaboutsugar,andinsteadsawfatasthereallyriousrisk,bothto

theheartandotherorgans,aswellasthecauofobesity.

[J]dingthatfoodwithmuchofitsfatremoved

isnotveryappetizing,foodproducersturnedtosugarasamagicalternativeflavor

enhancer,oftenintheformsofsyrups(糖浆)thathadrecentlybeendevelopedfrom

corn,andputitgenerouslyintomostpreparedfoodsandsoftdrinks.

[K]rfereswiththebody’

smetabolism,’

splentyofevidenceforthis,forthowhowillacceptthetruth.

[L]Theoretically,peopleoughttomake“healthychoices”andavoidovereating.

nacking,

over-drinkingandovereatingthatmakespeoplefatisnotreallytheirownfault:

ldbestopped,

orratherthegovernmentshouldstopit.

[M]Goingroundmylocalsupermarket,Iamconstantlyastonishedthatitisstill

blemisthatthey

e

ingsmallchildrensweetdrinksorbottlesoffake

juicealldaylongisnothinglessthanchildabu.

[N]Clearly,othinkofyet

toftaxonsweetsodaandalittlemorehealth

education,abitofcookinginschoolsandbanningvendingmachines(自动售货机)here

andthere—assuggestedtrytheAMRCreport—isnotgoingtoachieveverymuch.

neededislegislationbanninghighlevelsof

sugarysyrupsudinfoodsanddrinks.

[O]InJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidthegovernmentwasnot

scaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauofthecosts

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r,haveanotherJammie

Dodgerbiscuitandforgetaboutit.

47Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprovepeople’shealthaswellas

savemedicalexpens.

答案：B

48Lawsshouldbepasdtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweetfoodsor

drinks.

答案：N

49Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeiqualtochild

abu.

答案：M

50Lookingaround,theauthorfoundobesityquitewidespread.

答案：A

51Thenumberofobepeopleixpectedtoincreaquicklyinthenextfew

decades.

答案：E

52Ifpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconquencesofsugaryfoodsand

drinks,theywouldsupportgovernmentmeasuresagainstsugarconsumption.

答案：C

53Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningwoimproveanadditionaltaxonsugarydrinks.

答案：G

54Thegovernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumption

althoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.

答案：C

55Sugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandsalt.

答案：H

56Consumersofsweetfoodsarenotreallytoblamebecautheycannottellwhat

foodissugary.

答案：

L

Directions

：

ssageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould

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decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

TherioftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopments

inhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressand

obillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymore

informationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,often

Internet’s

tremendousimpactshasonlyjustbegun.

“MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,

cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsof

change,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,”SchmidtandCohenwriteintheir

DigitalAge.

Perhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwide

horsdoanexcellentjobof

examiningtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,

hebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it’

sthatauthorsdon’tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternet

businessintheweepingchanges.

Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethat

describes—andmoreimportantlypredicts—howtheInternetwillshapeourlives

intapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,

institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andone

virtual.

Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat“technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen’

t.”Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthe

istdichotomy(对立观点)thathascharacterizedmany

recentdebatesaboutwhethertherioftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbad

terviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheand

hisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they’realso

realisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeople

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comeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance(监

视).

57InwhatwayistherioftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprinting

pressandthetelegraph?

sformshumanhistory.

litatesdailycommunication.

optedbyallhumanity.

lutionizespeople'sthinking.

答案：B

58HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?

eimmeasurable.

eworldwide.

eunpredictable.

econtaminating.

答案：B

59InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?

storecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.

stolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.

sanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusiness.

notaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.

答案：C

60Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?

willbelivingintwodifferentrealities.

willhaveequalaccesstoinformation.

don’thavetotraveltoetheworld.

don’thavetocommunicatefacetoface.

答案：A

61WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?

avemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.

eoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.

veexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.

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n’ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.

答案：D

In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetand

hatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeet

monthlymortgage(抵押贷款)paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhis

similarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareof

hismonthlyeamings.

Othermembersoftheautoworker’sfamily,howevermightbelessinclinedtotried

iredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesconomic

h-outmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomen

andwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10

percentin2010.

Inmoststales,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracardinherown

42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.

Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.

Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaveragetheyearned

40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts(职位相当的人),whiteracially

restrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburban

neighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking–classfamilies.

Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthe

oplemaylongforanerawhendivorce

eadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargaining

po

breakupofsuchmarriageshascaudpainformanyfamilies.

Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnew

ingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelieve

thattheircurrentfamilyisascloastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orclor.

Findingwaystoimaginarygoldenage.

62WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?

dlessjobcuritythantheydotoday.

ottoodifficultforthemtobuyahou.

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arningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.

rebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.

答案：B

63Whatdoestheauthoraboutretiredpeopletoday?

variablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.

notdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.

elmorecureeconomicallythaninthepast.

eusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.

答案：C

64Whycouldn’tblackworkersbuyahouinawhitcsuburbanneighborhood?

ckedthemeansoftransportation.

resubjectedtoracialinequality.

reafraidtobreakthelaw.

retoopoortoaffordit.

答案：B

65Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?

eiasiertoobtain.

icviolenceislesned.

eslittlepaintoeitherside.

ributestosocialunrest.

答案：A

66Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietydo?

paredtofaceanynewchallenges.

etterthecurrentsocialcurity.

thegapbetweenblacksandwhites.

ethelivesoffamilieswithproblems.

答案：D

PartIVTranslation

67(主观题)大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已

被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，

大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。

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目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊

猫的生存比以往更重要。

答案：e

ofthesmallnumbers,asaspecial

hefoundingofthefundin1961,pandahasbeenits

,whichlivesintheforestofthesouth-westofChina,istherarest

ys,

,thesurvivalof

pandaismuchmoreimportantthaneverbefore.

附：翻译评分标准

本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和

0分。各档次的评分标准见下表：

档次评分标准

13-15分

译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别

小错。

10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。

7-9分

译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言

错误。

4-6分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。

1-3分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。

0分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。