历年考研英语真题

考研英语一阅读历年真题1

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessudtobethatyougotwhat

raditional“paid”media–suchas

televisioncommercialsandprintadvertiments–stillplayamajor

role，companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.

Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“owned”mediaby

ndinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregistered

consumersnowapproachthebroadrangeof

factorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirown

nedmedia，suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfor

urs‘omecas，onemarketer’sownedmedia

becomeanothermarketer‘spaidmedia–forinstance，whenane-

nesuchsold

mediaasownedmediawhotrafficissostrongthatotherorganizations

trend，whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy，effectivelybegan

withretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwill

n&Johnson，forexample，hascreated

BabyCenter，astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementary

sgeneratingincome，theprence

ofothermarketersmakesthesiteemobjective，givescompanies

opportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofother

companies’marketing，andmayhelpexpandurtrafficforall

companiesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketers

withmore(andmorediver)communicationschoiceshavealsoincread

theriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsin

quicker，morevisible，jacked

mediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia：anastorcampaignbecomes

hostagetoconsumers，otherstakeholders，oractivistswhomake

sofsocial

networks，forinstance，arelearningthattheycanhijackmediato

applypressureonthebusinessthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens，passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeothers

toboycottproducts，puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyat

aca，thecompany‘sresponmaynotbesufficiently

quickorthoughtful，

Motor，forexample，alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecall

crisiarlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestrated

social-mediaresponcampaign，whichincludedeffortstoengagewith

consumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssite

Digg.

ersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare

[A]obscsdwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailsnttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.

ingtoParagraph2，soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinesnvironment.

[B]randomcompetition.

[C]strongurtraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

horindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeudtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

[C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.

[D]derveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.

Motor‘xperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

fthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

考研英语一阅读历年真题2

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,

lowssimilar

effortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatMistakesin

dataanalysisarecontributingtothePublishedrearchfindings.

"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinour

journal,"gwiththeAmerican

StatisticalAssociation,theJournalhasappointedvenexpertstoa

statisticsboardofreviewingManuscriptwillbeflaggedupfor

additionalscrutinybytheJournal'ditors,orbyitxistingBoard

ofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthenfind

externalstatisticianstoreviewthe

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNutt

said,"Thecreationofthe'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcerns

broadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisin

scientificrearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincrea

reproducibilityintherearchwepublish."

GiovanniParmigiani，abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolof

PublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto

"playprimarilyonadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoinbecauhe"found

theforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,unique

pactwillnotonlybe

throughthepublicationsinScienceitlf,buthopefullythrougha

largergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproach

afterScience."

JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesrearchmethodology,says

thatthepolicyis"amostwelcomestepforward"and"longoverdue,""Most

journalsareweakinstatisticalreview，andthisdamagesthequalityof

that,forthemajorityofscientificpapers

nowadays,statisticalreviewismoreesntialthanexpertreview,"he

otedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternal

Medicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancet

paystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,

butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglycommoninpublishedrearch，

accordingtoDavidVaux，chersshouldimprove

theirstandards,hewrotein2012，butjournalsshouldalsotakea

tougherline，"engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateand

editorswhocanverifytheprocess."VauxsaysthatScience'sideato

passsomepaperstostatisticians"hassomemerit，butaweaknessis

thatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapers

thatneedscrutiny'inthefirstplace."

elearnedfromParagraphIthat

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninrearchprojects.

a"flaggedup"(Para.2)istheclostinmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]revid.

[C]marked

[D]stored

niParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoRE

may

[A]poathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaScience'scirculation.

[D]tanexampleforotherjournals

auxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

rearchers'worklosd.

shestheroleofreviewers.

mforfurtherimprovement.

ilintheforeeablefuture.

fthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

eJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

sionalStatisticiansDerveMoreRespect

alysisFindsItsWayontoEditors'Desks

ticiansAreComingBackwithScience

考研英语一阅读历年真题3

Text3

Anyfair-mindedasssmentofthedangersofthedealbetween

Britain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartby

ndisoneoftheleading

artificialintelligence(AI)entialof

thisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadto

ainstthat

backgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,has

issuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustunder

theNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6million

patientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoo

littleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

trusthasmendeditsways.

Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMind

willbecarefullyscrutinidtoensurethatallnecessarypermissions

havebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.

vacy

DenhamchotoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunder

existinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“procesd"

sdistinctionmissthepointthatitisprocessingand

aggregation,notthemereposssionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofall

ylawbuildsontheconcept

aofanindividual

theregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataof

countlessmillionsmore.

Theuofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstance

acticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.

ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswill

ttersisthattheywillbelong

softwarepromistosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdata

tillatthe

beginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohave

trugglewillbeneededtoavoida

am'sreportisawelcomestart.

rueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

[A]Itcaudconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'xpectations

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

trustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

[A]emptypromis.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

horarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbecuredatallcosts.

[B]leakingpatients'dataisworthanllingit.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

ingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthis

dealis

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

hor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcare

is

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

考研英语一阅读历年真题4

Text3

TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninteresting

experiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’s

s

FeaturearticleinNaturediscuss,astringoflucrativeawardsfor

,likethe

FundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sized

enefactorshave

succeededintheirchonfields,theysay,andtheywanttoutheir

wealthtodrawattentiontothowhohavesucceededinscience.

What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulof

notbuyclass,astheold

sayinggoes,andtheupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizesthe

prestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciinlf-promotion

forthobehindthem,ulddistortthe

uldcement

notfundpeer-reviewed

rpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversemasscatteredasthe

nttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,orto

betterrewardthowhohavemadetheircareersinrearch.

AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcerns

abouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—

BreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesan

Nobel

Foundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommust

stillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureof

modernrearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwho

isignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggs

elswere,ofcour,themlvestupbyaveryrich

,

ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,two

,mostrearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeif

,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoney

andattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelwhere,Itisfairto

criticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofrearch,

afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplea.

Itiswitotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

真题解析：

文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，如果对于这

一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳!与2013年相

比，2014考研阅读文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了2013年3月份的一次

实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2013年基础物理

学奖!所以2015考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己

的文化背景知识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果!

文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现，这些奖项就是由一

些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这

些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买的。当然

这一系列的东西，在前三段当中谈到之后，到了最后一段，作者表明他的观点，纵

然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方。但是

对于科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的研究，终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题

基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，也是既所得的文章。

damentalPhysicalPrizeisenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’swealth.

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.

[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.

[D]ahandsomerewardforrearchers.

答案：A为细节题。根据题干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize可以定位到第

一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了，所以我们只能根据几个选项去定

位，分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、reward去定

位，在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子，则判定A选项正确。

a“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans

[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.

[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.

[C]theachievement-badsystem.

[D]peer-review-ledrearch.

答案：B为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段没有出

题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项，whohavemadetheircareers

inrearch即为B选项中的Thefounders。

omotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.

[B]thejointeffortofmodernrearchers.

[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.

[D]thedemonstrationofrearchfindings.

答案：D为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题，但题目中说道

thecainvolves即问例子本身，所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句

中找到了Higgsboson，定位到本句可以得知natureofmodernrearch---as

wellasdemonstratedby……即为本道题正确答案。

ingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel

[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.

[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Theyarethemostreprentativehonor.

[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.

答案：A为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提示信息非常

少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句

time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段

可以验证确实是收到了质疑，B选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为A。

hofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.

[B]harmfultothecultureofrearch.

[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.

[D]unworthyofpublicattention.

答案：A为主旨题。本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文

章的主旨，因为还有一个段落对应，则我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的

award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点，故选A。