英语专四

2018

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

heachntencetherearefouroptions

markedA,B,theonethatbestcompletesthentenceoranswersthequestion.

MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

tPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sided

pyramid.

nbelievedtohavebeen

ievedtobe

evedtohavebeen

evedtobe

,

12..News____________eaverypopularresourcefor

studentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.

ins

taining

ined

nmaintaining

uredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

ly

ntally

i

`

onceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________

mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.

zyVirginia

ueVirginia

iahazyblue

iabluehazy

oalleviate__________,butIcannot.

l

)

,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming

______________.

ar

:

____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-nsitivematerialis

alteredwhenexpodtolight.

tbasic

ic

tbasic

ic

edalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.

Theinfinitiveverbphra“onlytolearn”isud__________.

essanintendedpurpo

cateahighdegreeofpossibility

alanundesirableconquence

;

atizeastatedfact

fthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning

rwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

nedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

rkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

I’mluckybecaumyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

erwasdeterminedtohelpthoinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenlyproudof

licizedpartinthentenceexpress_______.

hesis

？

stion

adiction

i

epoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,

theirlawyersudthevideotapeavidenceagainsttheprocution.

e

ony

t

"

,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhis

crudecommentsaboutwomen.

onably

ly

tiously

bly

haverecentlyrininorderto__________theincreadcostofrawmaterials.

|

ebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyone

toproceedwithadivorce.”

endation

ing

ection

ition

actually__________agoodangle—oragoodlfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsider

beautiful.

ts

^

tutes

es

ucts

oolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoits

uniquedevelopmentprogram.

r

mentary

>

chers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”

schoolconditions.

rchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater

archaeologicalteam.

s

】

’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

ess

ble

cal

l

ng___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaditsanalysisof

worldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

oing

c

me

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinrted

eletterforeachwordon

ANSWERSHEET.

edness

read

@

AFewyearsago,

ghheexpectedsomereaction,

theresponhereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddresdtohimcamepouring

atmajorityoftho

wh

receivedhisholidaygreetingcard,udy

showstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearound

us—esaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,what

andoesusafavor,weshoulddoheronein

return;ifamanndsusabirthdayprent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywitha

giftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtoone

ueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepayment

offavors,gifts,invitations,calisitforindebtednesstoaccompany

thereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor

“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthenofobligation

widespreadthatafter

intensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohuman

societythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissh

multiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,theone

thatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

，

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestttlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwere

ntedtoescapethecontrolsplaced

ontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,toric

decisionsmadebythofirstttlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmerican

tingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformal

aristocracy,dual

dom,Americansmeanthe

desireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefrom

thegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.

(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:sthat

Americansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotional

independencefromtheirparentsaarlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.

(3)AcondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnited

Statesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.

BecautitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedin

the.

(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthiqualityofopportunity:

oflifeisenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompete

ssuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinue

,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnot

fitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthowhodo.

(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohavea

eofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landof

a“goingfromragstoriches”

al

wealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocial

status.

(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:rkhasbeen

ways,material

posssionsareenavidenceofpeople’oldwater,acandidateforthe

presidencyin1964,

Americanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.

(7),they

shouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacter

andhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.

osuggestthat__________.

|

ansarebornwithanofcompetition

ssureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork

sfulcompetitionisntialinAmericansociety

itionresultsinequalityofopportunities

fthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuinexplainingAmericanvalues

ison

ndeffect

tion

sanalysis

《

PASSAGETWO

(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,Nobel,themanwhoinventeddeadly

explosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizesto

peoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—

peace.

(2)oughmostcountrieshaveasystemof

recognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,

therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.

(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustryto

tellitlfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsand

asthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesame

thing.

(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVfor

ain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoetheirdifficult,literarynovel

nerPrizeisan

awardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcauscontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsof

moneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasor—thisyear

—buildingagardenshed.

(5)Awardsdon’renowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,for

emsverystrange—

sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhoderveit,ortohelppeoplewho

don’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,

butprofessionalsoccerplayersthedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!

(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownaward

ceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolor,

eBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor“InnovationinEnglish

LanguageTeaching”.

(7)WhyhavealltheawardsandceremoniesappearedrecentlyShakespeareneverwona

prize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.

(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscould

win“patronage”formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneyto

echangein

socialsystemsacrosstheworld,scientificrearchisnoweither

fundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.

(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaofthisprocess.

'

(10)However,ilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewill

goandeit,riterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheir

roupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisenbyhundredsofthousandsof

ultThegroupllslotsmorerecords.

(11)ans

thatitis

awards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,butalsoMTVitlf!

(12)Onthesurface,itemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butlet

measkyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,and

howmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace

theauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesand

Grammies(Paras.3&4)

.

iative.

tic.

s.

ingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters

—

uldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.

uldturntopopularnovelwriting.

uldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.

uldtrycontroversialformsofart.

fthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6

ceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.

ceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.

ceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.

ceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.

ingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoat

prentliesin_____________.

"

ofwork

alcontact

offunding

status

econcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.

emarketratherthanachievements

tobothmarketandpopularity

owhoarereallytalented

ectiveinmakingpeoplepopular

—

PASSAGETHREE

(1)dsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreakto

herasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.

(2)ItwashersisterJophinewhotoldher,band’sfriendRichards

wasthere,ewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisaster

wasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimeto

assurehimlfofitstruthbyacondtelegram.

(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’estormofsadnesshadspentitlfshewent

ldhavenoonefollowher.

(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,isshesank,presd

downbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandemedtoreachintohersoul.

(5)iciousbreathof

esofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,and

countlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).

(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmet

andpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.

(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,except

whenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditlftosleepcontinues

tosobinitsdreams.

(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,wholinesbespokerepressionandevenacertain

therewasadullstareinhereyes,whogazewasfixedawayoffyonderonone

otaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionof

intelligentthought.

(9)Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,sitShe

didnotknow;feltit,creepingoutofthesky,reaching

towardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.

[

(10)beginningtorecognizethisthingthat

wasapproachingtoposssher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessas

hertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.

(11)Whenshea

saiditoverandoverunderherbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthat

sbeatfast,andthe

coursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.

(12)Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;

thefacethathadneverlookedsavewithloveuponher,saw

beyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearstocomethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.

Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.

(13)Therewouldbenoonetoliveforherduringthocomingyears;shewouldliveforherlf.

Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendingherinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomen

believetheyhavearighttoimpoaprivatewilluponafellow-creature.

(14)ditmatter!Whatcould

love,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthisposssionoflf-asrtion,whichshesuddenly

recognizedasthestrongestimpulofherbeing!

(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.

(16)Jophinewaskneelingbeforethecloddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringfor

admission."Loui,openthedoor!Ibeg;eyou

doing,LouiForheaven'ssakeopenthedoor."

(17)"makingmylfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(長生不老藥)of

lifethroughthatopenwindow.

(18)days,andsummerdays,

wasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.

(19)Shearoatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'asafeverish

triumphinhereyes,spedher

sister'swaist,dsstoodwaitingforthematthe

bottom.

—

(20)rentlyMallardwhoentered,

alittletravel-stained,eenfarfromthe

sceneofaccident,damazedatJophine's

piercingcry;atRichards'quickmotiontoscreenhimfromtheviewofhiswife.

(21)ButRichardswastoolate.

(22)Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdia-ofjoythatkills.

MrsMallardgetthenewsofherhusband’sdeath

band’sfriendtoldher.

readitfromthepaper.

terJophinetoldher.

torbrokethenewstoher.

sMallardwasaloneinherroom,she___________.

`

narmchairallthetime

hherbackfacingthewindow

thenwalkedaroundforwhile

chairandcriedallthetime.

shefeelaboutherlovetowardsherhusband

edherhusband.

indifferentnow.

ndithardtodescribe.

lovedhimallalong.

SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS

Inthisct

thequestionswithNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

hevaluesmentionedinthepassage,whichoneisregardedasthemostfundamental

Individualfreedom.

PASSAGETWO

nbeinferredfromthentence“NotallawardsareasnobleastheNobels.”according

toPara.2

Theauthordoubtsthesignificanceofsomeawards.

nclusioncanbedrawnfromPara.5

Theauthorthinksitunreasonabletoawardrichpeople.

PASSAGETHREE

sMrsMallard’smoodwhenshewasleftaloneintheroom

Secretjoyovertheexpectationoffuturefreedom.

torssaidthatMrsMallarddiedofheartdia—youthinkis

therealcauofherdeath

Frightanddisillusionmentatthesightofher“dead”husband.

PARTVIWRITING

(略)