比降

水利专业名词（中英文对照）

水利专业名词（中英）A

安全储备safetyrerve

安全系数safetyfactor

安全性safety

岸边溢洪道river-bankspillway

岸边绕渗by-passepagearoundbankslope

岸墙abutmentwall

岸塔式进水口bank-towerintake

B

坝的上游面坡度upstreamslpoeofdam

坝的下游面downstreamfaceofdam

坝顶damcrest

坝顶长度crestlength

坝顶超高freeboardofdamcrest

坝高damheight

坝顶高程crestelevation

坝顶宽度crestwidth

坝段monolith

坝基处理foundationtreatment

坝基排水drainindamfoundation

坝基渗漏leakageofdamfoundation

坝肩damabutment

坝壳damshell

坝坡damslope

坝坡排水drainonslope

坝体混凝土分区gradezoneofconcreteindam

坝体排水系统drainagesystemindam

坝型选择lectionofdamtype

坝址选择lectionofdamsite

坝趾damtoe

坝踵damheel

坝轴线damaxis

本构模型constitutivemodel

鼻坎bucket

比尺scale

比降gradient

闭门力closingforce

边墩sidepier

边界层boundarylayer

边墙sidewall

边缘应力boundarystress

变形观测deformationobrvation

变中心角变半径拱坝variableangleandradiusarchdam标准

贯入试验击数numberofstandardpenetrationtest冰压力ice

pressure

薄壁堰sharp-crestedweir

薄拱坝thin-archdam

不均匀沉降裂缝differentialttlementcrack

不平整度irregularity

C

材料力学法methodofstrengthofmaterials

材料性能分项系数partialfactorforpropertyofmaterial侧槽

溢洪道sidechannelspillway

侧轮sideroller

侧收缩系数coefficientofsidecontraction

测缝计jointmeter

插入式连接inrttypeconnection

差动式鼻坎differentialbucket

掺气aeration

掺气槽aerationslot

掺气减蚀cavitationcontrolbyaeration

厂房顶溢流spilloverpowerhou

沉降ttlement

沉井基础sunkshaftfoundation

沉沙池dimentbasin

沉沙建筑物dimentarystructure

沉沙条渠dimentarychannel

沉陷缝ttlementjoint

沉陷观测ttlementobrvation

衬砌的边值问题boundaryvalueproblemoflining

衬砌计算liningcalculation

衬砌自重dead-weightoflining

承载能力bearingcapacity

承载能力极限状态limitstateofbearingcapacity

持住力holdingforce

齿墙cut-offwall

冲击波shockwave

冲沙闸flushsluice

冲刷坑scourhole

重现期returnperiod

抽排措施pumpdrainagemeasure

抽水蓄能电站厂房pump-storagepowerhou

出口段outletction

初步设计阶段preliminarydesignstage

初参数解法preliminaryparametersolution

初生空化数incipientcavitationnumber

初应力法initialstressmethod

船闸navigationlock

垂直升船机verticalshiplift

纯拱法independentarchmethod

次要建筑物condarystructure

刺墙key-wall

粗粒土coar-grainedsoil

错缝staggeredjoint

D

大坝安全评价asssmentofdamsafety

大坝安全监控monitorofdamsafety

大坝老化damaging

大头坝massive-headdam

单层衬砌monolayerlining

单级船闸liftlock

单线船闸singlelinelock

挡潮闸tidesluice

挡水建筑物retainingstructure

导流洞diversiontunnel

导墙guidewall

倒虹吸管invertedsiphon

倒悬度overhang

等半径拱坝constantradiusarchdam

等中心角变半径拱坝constantangleandvariableradiusarch

dam底流消能energydissipationbyhydraulicjump

底缘bottomedge

地基变形foundationdeformation

地基变形模量deformationmodulusoffoundation

地基处理foundationtreatment

地下厂房undergroundpowerhou

地下厂房变压器洞transformertunnelofundergroundpower

hou地下厂房出线洞bus-bartunnelofundergroundpower

hou

地下厂房交通洞accesstunnelofundergroundpowerhou

地下厂房通风洞ventilationtunnelofundergroundpower

hou地下厂房尾水洞tailwatertunnelofundergroundpower

hou

地下轮廓线underoutlineofstructure

地下水groundwater

地形条件topographicalcondition

地形图比例尺scaleoftopographicalmap

地应力groundstress

地震earthquake

地震烈度earthquakeintensity

地质条件geologicalcondition

垫层cushion

吊耳lifteye

调度dispatch

跌坎drop-step

跌流消能dropenergydissipation

跌水drop

迭代法iterationmethod

叠梁stoplog

丁坝spurdike

定向爆破堆石坝directedblastingrockfilldam

动强度dynamicstrength

动水压力hydrodynamicpressure

洞内孔板消能energydissipationbyorificeplateintunnel

洞内漩流消能energydissipationwithswirlingflowintunnel

洞身段tunnelbodyction

洞室群caverngroup

洞轴线tunnelaxis

陡坡steepslope

渡槽

短管型进水口intakewithpressureshortpipe

断层fault

堆石坝rockfilldam

对数螺旋线拱坝logspiralarchdam

多级船闸multi-stagelock

多线船闸multi-linelock

多心圆拱坝multi-centeredarchdam

多用途隧洞multi-utunnel

E

二道坝condarydam

F

发电洞powertunnel

筏道logway

反弧段bucket

反滤层filter

防冲槽erosioncontroltrench

防洪floodpreventi，floodcontrol

防洪限制水位restrictedstageforfloodprevention

防浪墙parapet

防渗墙anti-epagewall

防渗体anti-epagebody

放空底孔unwateringbottomoutlet

非常溢洪道emergencyspillway

非线性有限元non-linearfiniteelementmethod

非溢流重力坝nonoverflowgravitydam

分洪闸flooddiversionsluice

分项系数partialfactor

分项系数极限状态设计法limitstatedesignmethodofpartial

factor封拱archclosure

封拱温度closuretemperature

浮筒式升船机shipliftwithfloats

浮箱闸门floatingcamelgate

浮运水闸floatingsluice

辅助消能工appurtenantenergydissipation

G

刚体极限平衡法rigidlimitequilibriummethod

刚性支护rigidsupport

钢筋混凝土衬砌reinforcedconcretelining

钢筋计reinforcementmeter

钢闸门steelgate

高边坡highsideslope

高流速泄水隧洞dischargetunnelwithhighvelocity

工程管理projectmanagement

工程规划projectplan

工程量quantityofwork

工程设计engineeringdesign

工程施工engineeringconstruction

工作桥rvicebridge

工作闸门maingate

拱坝坝肩岩体稳定stabilityofrockmassnearabutmentofarch

dam拱坝布置layoutofarchdam

拱坝上滑稳定分析up-slidingstabilityanalysisofarchdam

拱坝体形shapeofarchdam

拱端archabutment

拱冠archcrown

拱冠梁法crowncantilevermethod

拱冠梁剖面procrowncantilever

拱内圈intrados

拱外圈extrados

固结consolidation

固结灌浆consolidationgrouting

管涌piping

灌溉irrigation

规范code，specification

过坝建筑物structuresforpassingdam

过滤层transitionlayer

过渡区transitionzone

过木机logconveyer

过木建筑物logpassstructures

过鱼建筑物fish-passstructures

H

海漫flexible

涵洞culvert

河道冲刷riverbedscour

荷载load

荷载组合loadcombination

横缝transverjoint

横拉闸门horizontalrolling/slidinggate

洪水标准floodstandard

虹吸溢洪道siphonspillway

厚高比thicknesstohightratio

弧形闸门radialgate

护岸工程bank-protectionworks

护坡slopeprotection

护坦apron

戽琉消能bucke-typeenergydissipation

滑坡landslip

滑楔法slidingwedgemethod

滑雪道式溢洪道skijumpspillway

环境评价environmentasssment

换土垫层cushionofreplacedsoil

回填灌浆backfillgrouting

混凝土concrete

混凝土衬砌concretelining

混凝土防渗墙concretecutoffwall

混凝土面板concretefaceslab

混凝土面板堆石坝concrete-facedrockfilldam混凝土重力坝

concretegravitydam

J

基本荷载组合basicloadcombination

基本剖面basicprofile

基面排水baleveldrainage

激光准直发methodoflaralignment

极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod

极限状态limitstate

坚固系数soundnesscoefficient

剪切模量shearmodulus

剪切应力shearstress

检查inspection

检修闸门bulkhead

简单条分法simpleslicesmethod

建筑材料constructionmaterial

简化毕肖普法simplifiedBishop’smethod

渐变段transition

键槽key/key-way

浆砌石重力坝cement-stonemasonrygravitydam

交叉建筑物crossingstructure

交通桥accessbridge

校核洪水位waterlevelofcheckfloo

校核流量checkflooddischarge

接触冲刷contactwashing

接触流土soilflowoncontactsurface

节制闸controllingsluice

结构可靠度reliabilityofstructure

结构力学法structuralmechanicsmethod

结构系数structuralcoefficient

截流环cutoffcollar

截水槽cutofftrench

进口段inlet

进口曲线inletcurve

进水喇叭口inletbellmouth

进水闸inletsluice

浸润面saturatedarea

浸润线saturatedline

经济评价economicasssment

井式溢洪道shaftspillway

静水压力hydrostaticpressure

均质土坝homogeneouarthdam

K

开敞式溢洪道openchannelspillway

开裂机理crackmechanism

勘测explorationsurvey

坎上水深waterdepthonsill

抗冲刷性scourresistance

抗冻性frostresistance

抗滑稳定安全系数safetycoefficientofstabilityagainstsliding

抗剪断公式shear-breakstrengthformula

抗剪强度shearstrength

抗裂性crackresistance

抗磨abrasion-resistance

抗侵蚀性erosion-resistance

抗震分析analysisofearthquakeresistance

颗粒级配曲线grainsizedistributioncurve

可靠度指标reliabilityindex

可行性研究设计阶段designstageoffeasibilitystudy

空腹重力坝hollowgravitydam

空腹拱坝hollowarchdam

空化cavitation

空化数cavitationnumber

空蚀cavitationdamage

空隙水压力porewaterpressure

控制堰controlweir

枯水期lowwaterperiod

库区rervoirarea

宽顶堰broadcrestedweir

宽缝重力坝slottedgravitydam

宽高比widthtoheightratio

扩散段expandingction

扩散角divergentangle

L

拦沙坎dimentcontrolsill

拦污栅trashrack

廊道gallery

浪压力wavepressure

棱体排水prismdrainage

理论分析theoryanalysis

力法方程canonicalequationofforcemethod连续式鼻坎plain

bucket

联合消能combinedenergydissipation

梁式渡槽beam-typeflume

量水建筑物water-measurestructure

裂缝crack

临界水力坡降criticalhydraulicgradient

临时缝temporaryjoint

临时性水工建筑物temporaryhydraulicstructure

流量discharge

流速flowvelocity

流态flowpattern

流土soilflow

流网flownet

流向flowdirection

露顶式闸门emerdgate

M

马蹄形断面horshoection

脉动压力fluctuatingpressure

锚杆支护anchorsupport

门叶gateflap

迷宫堰labyrinthweir

面流消能energydissipationofsurfaceregime模型试验model

test

摩擦公式frictionfactorformula

摩擦系数coefficientoffriction

目标函数objectivefunction

N

内部应力internalstress

内摩擦角internalfrictionangle

内水压力internalwaterpressure

挠度观测deflectionobrvation

泥沙压力siltpressure

粘性土cohesivesoil

碾压混凝土重力坝rollercompactedconcretegravitydam凝聚

力cohesion

扭曲式鼻坎distortedtypebucket

P

排沙底孔flushbottomoutlet

排沙漏斗flushfunnel

排沙隧洞flushtunnel

排水drainage

排水孔drainhole

排水设施drainagefacilities

抛物线拱坝parabolicarchdam

喷混凝土支护shotcretesupport

喷锚支护sprayconcreteanddeadmanstrut

漂木道logchute

平板坝flatslabbuttressdam

平衡重式升船机verticalshipliftwithcounterweight

平面闸门plaingate

平压管equalizingpipe

坡率sloperatio

破碎带crushzone

铺盖blanket

Q

启闭机hoist

启门力liftingforce

砌石拱坝stonemasonryarchdam

潜坝submergeddam

潜孔式闸门submergedgate

倾斜仪clinometer

曲线形沉沙池curveddimentarybasin

渠首canalhead

渠道canal

渠系建筑物canalsystemstructure

取水建筑物waterintakestructure

R

人工材料心墙坝earth-rockdamwithmanufacturedcentral

core人字闸门mitregate

任意料区miscellaneousaggregatezone

溶洞solutioncavern

柔度系数flexibilitycoefficient

褥垫式排水horizontalblanketdrainage

软弱夹层weakintercalation

S

三角网法triangulationmethod

三角形单元triangularelement

三心圆拱坝threecenterarchdam

三轴试验triaxialtest

扇形闸门ctorgate

上游upstream

设计洪水位designfloodlevel

设计基准期designreferenceperiod

设计阶段designstage

设计阶段划分dividingofdesignstage

设计流量designdischarge

设计状况系数designstatecoefficient

设计准则designcriteria

伸缩缝contractionjoint

渗流比降epagegradient

渗流变形epagedeformation

渗流分析epageanalysis

渗流量epagedischarge

渗流体积力massforceofepage

渗流系数permeabilitycoefficient

生态环境ecologicalenvironment

生态平衡ecologicalbalance

失效概率probabilityoffailure

施工导流constructiondiversion

施工缝constructionjoint

施工管理constructionmanagement

施工条件constructioncondition

施工图阶段constructiondrawingstage

施工进度constructionprogress

实体重力坝solidgravitydam

实用剖面practicalprofile

实用堰practicalweir

事故闸门emergencygate

视准线法collimationmethod

收缩段constringentction

枢纽布置layoutofhydrauliccomplex

输水建筑物waterconveyancestructure

竖式排水verticaldrainage

数值分析numericalanalysis

双层衬砌double-layerlining

双曲拱坝doublecurvaturearchdam

水电站地下厂房undergroundpowerhou

水电站建筑物hydroelectricstationstructure

水垫塘cushionbasin

水工建筑物hydraulicstructure

水工隧洞hydraulictunnel

水环境waterenvironment

水库吹程fetch

水库浸没rervoirsubmersion

水库渗漏rervoirleakage

水库坍岸rervoirbankcaving

水库淹没rervoirinundation

水力资源waterpowerresource

水力劈裂hydraulicfracture

水利工程hydraulicengineering，waterproject水利工程设计

designofhydroproject

水利工程枢纽分等rankofhydrauliccomplex

水利枢纽hydrauliccomplex

水面线waterlevelline

水能hydraulicenergy

水平位移horizontaldisplacement

水体污染waterpollution

水土流失waterandsoilloss

水位急降instantaneousrervoirdrawdown

水压力hydraulicpressu

水闸sluice

水质waterquality

水资源waterresources

顺坝longitudinaldike

四边形单元quadrangularelement

塑性破坏failurebyplasticflow

塑性变形plasticdeformation

塑性区plasticrange

锁坝closuredike

锁定器dogdevice

T

T型墩T-typepier

塌落拱法roofcollaparchmethod

塔式进水口towerintake

台阶式溢流坝面step-typeoverflowface

弹塑性理论elastoplastictheory

弹性基础梁beamonelasticfoundation

弹性抗力elasticresistance

弹性中心elasticcentre

弹性理论theoryofelasticity

特殊荷载组合specialloadcombination

体形优化设计shapeoptimizingdesign

挑距jettrajectorydistance

挑流消能ski-jumpenergydissipation

挑射角exitangleofjet

调压室surgetank

贴坡排水surfacedrainageondamslope

通航建筑物navigationstructure

通气孔airhole

土工复合材料geosynthetic

土工膜geomembrane

土工织物geotexile

土石坝earth-rockdam

土压力earthpressure

土质材料斜墙坝earth-rockdamwithinclinedsoilcore土质心

墙坝earth-rockdamwithcentralsoilcore驼峰堰humpweir

椭圆曲线ellipticalcurve

W

WES型剖面堰WEScurvepro

外水压力externalwaterpressure

弯矩平衡momentequilibrium

围岩surroundingrock

围岩强度strengthofsurroundingrock

围岩稳定分析

围岩压力surroundingrockpressu

帷幕灌浆curtaingrouting

维修maintenance

尾水渠tailwatercanal

温度缝temperaturejoint

温度计thermometer

温度应变temperaturestrain

温度应力temperaturestress

温降temperaturedrop

温升temperatureri

污水处理wagetreatment

无坝取水undamedintake

无粘性土cohesionlesssoil

无压泄水孔free-flowoutlet

X

下游downstream

现场检查fieldinspection

橡胶坝rubberdam

消力池stillingbasin

消能防冲设计designofenergydissipationanderosion

control消能工energydissipator

校核洪水位waterlevelofcheckflood

校核流量checkflooddischarge

斜缝inclinedjoint

斜墙inclinedcore

泄洪洞flooddischargetunnel

泄洪雾化flooddischargeatomization

泄水重力坝overflowgravitydam

胸墙breastwall

悬臂梁cantieverbeam

汛期floodperio

Y

压力计pressuremeter

压缩曲线compressivecurve

淹没系数coefficientofsubmergence

扬压力uplift

养护cure

液化liquifaction

溢洪道spillway

溢流面overflowface

溢流前缘lengthofoverflowcrest

溢流堰顶overflowcrest

溢流重力坝overflowgravitydam

翼墙wingwall

翼墙式连接wingwalltypeconnection

引航道approachchannel

引水渠diversioncanal

引张线法tenwiremethod

应力分析stressanalysis

应力集中stressconcentration

应力应变观测stress-strainobrvation

应力重分布stressredistribution

永久缝permanentjoint

优化设计optimizingdesign

有坝取水barrageintake

有效库容effectivestorage

预压加固soilimprovementbypreloading

预应力衬砌prestresdlining

原型prototype

约束条件constraintcondition

允许水力坡降allowablehydraulicgradient

Z

增量法incrementmethod

闸底板floorofslui

闸墩pier

闸孔sluiceopening

闸孔跨距spanofsluiceopening

闸门槽gateslot

闸室chamberofsluice

闸首lockhead

闸址sluicesite

正槽溢洪道chutespillw

正常使用极限状态limitstateofnormaloperation正应力

normalstress

正常溢洪道mainspillw

支墩坝buttressdam

止水watertightal

止水装置alingdevice

趾板toeslab

趾墩toepier

滞回圈hysteresisloop

主应力principalstress

纵缝longitudinaljoint

阻尼比dampedratio

作用action

作用水头workingpressurehead

最优含水率optimummoisturecontent