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英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成
分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、
宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there
be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、
助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名
词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmore
popular.(名词)
WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语
从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主
语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在
句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
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1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunning
everymorning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:
aughtabadcold.(2)
由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系
动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,em等)之后。表语一般
由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、
副词及表语从句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)
Isityours?(代词)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)
Thespeechixciting.(分词)
Threetimesvenistwentyone?(数词)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)
ssisover.(副词)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介
词后面。例如:
Theywenttoeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
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Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoeme.(不定式短语)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyour
dictionary,plea.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhim
theirmonitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,
还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一
般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、
形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)
Letthefreshairin.(副词)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由
以下等成分表示:
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Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprid.(代词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态
特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepasdthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.
(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
Waitaminute.(名词)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauoftherain.(原因状
语)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)
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Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
dentsgotontheschoolbus.
edmethenewspaper.
answeryourquestionafterclass.
eautifulChinepainting!
nthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
istotrainswimmers.
manyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
sgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
leaveforShanghaitomorrow.
histobecomeascientist.
gedtofinishtheworkintime.
etoaskmeforadvice.
ditimportanttomasterEnglish.
..
aveanythingeltosay?
nest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
oupleatellmeyouraddress?
here,readinganewspaper.
rdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
cedamanentertheroom.
lestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,owitisthesummer
vacationandI'isthehottest
etimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIwork
meswegoonworkingafterdarkbythe
riceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthe
alotofmachineson
ghthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworking
hertakescare
n'
result,veningwepump
runsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthe
garden.
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三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,
meatonanopenfireoutside.
It'sgreat!Americanatalotofmeat—
't,becauIhavetodrivehomeafterthe
letteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe
ateweare
ydifferenttimeareasdo
youhaveinChina?Well,givemy
bestregardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
herenow
isherenow
()ther____.
wetandcold
()letasted____.
()p____yesterdaymorning.
..
()or______attheageof70.
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakea
rest.
,,,,we
()dthestreetmuch______.
dly
()_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
()____mad.
ked
()everforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
练习一:
一、1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、
状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语,主语;9、
谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13、形式宾语,
真正宾语;14、宾语、定语;15、插入语,状语;16、宾语(间宾+直
宾);17、状语,状语;18、形式主语,表语,宾补;19、宾补;20、
表语
二、略
三、略
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四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB
练习二:
一、1、简单句;2、复合句;3、简单句;4、简单句;5、并列句;6、
复合句;7、并列句;8、复合句;9、简单句;10、简单句
二、
Ihopeyouareverywell(复合句).I'mfine,buttired(简单句).Right
nowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并列
句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(简单句).Itisthetimeofyearfor
thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并列句)
Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(简单
句).WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitis
coldertheygrowwheat(并列复合句).Wehavealotofmachinesonthe
farm(简单句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen
workingforhim(复合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(简
单句).Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden(简单句).Itdoesn't
oftenraininthesummerhere(简单句).Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe
vegetablegarden(简单句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell
(简单句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden
(简单句).
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(简单句).
Thepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy(简单句).Wecookmeatonan
openfireoutside(简单句).It'sgreat(简单句)!Americanatalotof
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meat—toomuchinmyopinion(简单句).Someofmyfriendsdrink
beer(简单句).Idon't,becauIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(复
合句).Inyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe
States(简单句).TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates(简单
句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(简单句).
HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(简单句)?Well,I
muststopandgetsomesleep(简单句).Pleagivemybestregardsto
yourparents(简单句).
三、1~5ACADD6~10BCBDC11~15ADBCC16~20ABADB
21~25DDDCD26~30ADDBD
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