英语一答案

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）

真题及答案（完整版）

Text1

France,whichpridesitlfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecidedits

fash

lawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemploy

ultra-thinmodelsonrunways.

Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat"inciteexcessivethinness"by

promotingextremedieting.

ggestbeautyshouldnot

'banon

ultra-thinmodelsemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarringthemlvestohealth

-sthefashionindustrythatitmovetakeresponsibilityfor

thesignalitndswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measurethey

mustutodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowoman(andmanymen)thattheyshould

hapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeople

shouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheir

waytosinezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonverepunishmenttochangea

helaw,usinga

fashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymesscouldresultin

a$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterial

ark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,

itistryingtotvoluntarystandardformodelsandfashionimagesthererelymoreon

pearpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthon

rulesandsanctionsregardingage,health,ly

revidDanishFashionEthicalcharterclearlystates,weareawareofandtake

responsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoung

rter'smaintollofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodeling

nweek,

ingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuofbodyideals

tterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthe

materialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

ingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

[A]Physicalbeautywouldberedefined

[B]Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed

[C]Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive

[D]Thefashionindustrywoulddecline

a"impingingon"(Line2Para2)isclostinmeaningto

[A]heighteningthevalueof

[B]indicatingthestateof

[C]losingfaithin

[D]doingharmto

fthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry

[A]TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed

[B]NewstandardsarebeingtinDenmark

[C]Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure

[D]Itsinherentproblemsaregettingwor

nerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

[A]ttingperfectphysicalconditions

[B]caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character

[C]showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors

[D]pursuingahighagethresholdformodels

fthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]AchallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

[B]ADilemmaforthestarvingmodelsinFrance

[C]JustAnotherRoundofstruggleforbeauty

[D]TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

Forthefirsttimeinthehistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.

ollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"

peareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmake

themproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhous

buttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever".Itwasspecificallyto

providecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"arefreshing

air".Hill'

don'tmakecountrysideanymore,s

constantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesemlikelytoendorthisntiment.

TheConrvatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityover

conrvation,

evenauthorizing"off-plan"cept

likewiwantsto

eralDemocratsare

silentonlyunsingitschance,hassideswiththopleadingforamoreconsidered

paigntoprotectRuralEnglandstruckterrorinto

manylocalconrvativeparties.

Thensibleplacetobuildnewhousfactoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare

donagentsStirlingAckroyed

recentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousintheLandonareaalonewith

ideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ueis

nottheneedformorehousbut,asalways,wheretoputthemunderlobbypressure,George

urs

notafreemarketbutabiad

sobestwherebuilding

truinurbanconrvationareas.

Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip,AftertheNetherlands,Britainis

Europe'enturyoftownandcountryplanninghanableit

toretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.

Thereisnodoubtofthealternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,Spain

ngthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthe

politicalspectrum.

n'spublicntimentaboutthecountryside

[A]isnotwellreflectedinpolitics

[B]isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily

[C]didn'tstartfilltheShakespeareanage

[D]hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS

ingtoparagraph2，theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

[A]largelyovershadowed

[B]properlyprotected

[C]effectivelyreinforced

[D]graduallydestroyed

fthefollowingcanbeofferedfromparagraph3

[A]Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment

[B]TheConrvativesmayabandon"off-plan"building

[C]Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconrvation

[D]TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence

horholdsthatGeorgeOsbornes'spreference

[A]showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralarea

[B]stressthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis

[C]highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure

[D]revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas

astparagraphtheauthorshowhisappreciationof

[A]thesizeofpopulationinBritain

[B]theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain

[C]thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain

[D]thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain

Text3

"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness"wroteMiltonFriedman,

aNobelPrize-winningeconomist"Thatis,touitsresourcesandengageinactivities

designedtoincreaitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiandregard

corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'smoney,things

earchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalue

forcompaniesatleastwhentheyareprocutedforcorruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billiona

yearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,uldaddvalueto

,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"that

acompany',customersmaybewillingtobuya

company'rd,

throughamorediffu"haloeffect"wherebyitsgooddeedarnitgreaterconsideration

fromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheeffectsbecau

tstudyattemptstoparatethembylooking

atbriberyprocutionsunderAmerican'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）.Itargues

thatsinceprocutorsdonotconsumeacompany'sproductsaspartoftheir

investigations，theycouldbeinfluencedonlybythehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat，amongprocutedfirms，thowiththemostcomprehensive

nalysisruledoutthe

possibilitythatitwasfirm'spoliticalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,that

accountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdid

notreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprocutorsshouldonlyevaluateaca

badonitsmerits,theydoemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."Weestimate

thateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,or

increasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthan

thetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials."saysonerearcher.

Rearchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionathowmuch

sitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingon

thehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheycompaniesgetinto

troublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.

horviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

[A]uncertainty

[B]skepticism

[C]approval

[D]tolerance

ingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby

[A]guardingitagainstmalpractices

[B]protectingitfromconsumers

[C]winningtrustfromconsumers.

[D]raisingthequalityofitsproducts

ression"morelenient"(line2,isclostinmeaningto

[A]lesscontroversial

[B]morelasting

[C]moreeffective

[D]lessvere

ocutorvaluateaca,acompany'sCSRrecord

[A]comesacrossasreliableevidence

[B]hasanimpactontheirdecision

[C]increasthechanceofbeingpenalized

[D]constitutespartoftheinvestigation

fthefollowingistrueofCSRaccordingtothelastparagraph?

[A]Thenecessaryamountofcompaniesspendingonitisunknown

[B]Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated

[C]Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessareoftenoverlooked

[D]Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry

Text4

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceastopublishstories

ywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthefuture,"

thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.

Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyof

rastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper-

printingpress,deliverytrucks-isn'tjustexpensive;it'xcessiveatatimewhen

online-onlycompetitorsdon'sare

ughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineand

mobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprint

editionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,

butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethat

transitionwouldmakenforthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoing

haveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyuptwithyou."

Sometimesthat'igivestheexampleofNetflix

discontinuingitsDVD-mailingrvicetofocusonstreaming."Itwasenasblunder,"

erettiwereinchargeattheTimes?

"Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,"hesaid"Iwouldraipricesandmakeitintomore

ofalegacyproduct."

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,

andthey'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.

"Soifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid.

"Thenincreaitatahigherrateeachyearandesntiallytrytogenerateadditional

revenue."Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeople

g

theprinteditionvendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear-morethantwiceasmuch

asadigital-onlysubscription.

"It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn't

havealegacybusiness,"Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethat

wherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakenwhenthemarketchangesandthe

esituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethatless

aggressive."

YorkTimesisconsideringendingit'sprinteditionpartlydueto

[A]theincreasingonlineandsales

[B]thepressurefromitsinvestors

[C]thecomplaintsfromitsreaders

[D]thehighcostofoperation

isuggeststhatinfaceoftheprentsituation,TheTimesshould

[A]makestrategicadjustments

[B]endtheprintditionforgood

[C]eknewsourcesofleadership

[D]aimforefficientmanagement

einferredfromparagraphs5and6thata"legacyproduct"

[A]helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes

[B]ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers

[C]willhavethecostofprintingreduced

[D]expandsthepopularityofthepaper

ibelievesthatinachangingworld

[A]traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected

[B]cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving

[C]aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges

[D]legacybusinessarebecomingoutdated

fthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]shifttoonlinenewspapersallatonce

[B]CherishtheNewspapersstillinYourHand

[C]keepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

[D]MakeYourprintNewspapersaluxuryGood