考研英语二答案

2019年英语（二）考研真题及参考答案

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Weighingyourlfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweight

fluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

Asforme,weighingmylfeverydaycaudmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerally

sbadtomyoverall

inedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4the

numberonthescale,nfictedwithhowIneededtotrain

to5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmylfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehard

saboutthreeweekstoamonthtonotice

t8

changeswillbeobrvedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost

Forthe9,Istoppedweighingmylfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

eightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11

ngeveryotherweekallowsmetoobrveand12any

llsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.

trainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa

16thatIneedtoincreamydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmylfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,

fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreadzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarry

theburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachieving

myspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtrainingaccordingtothogoals,notthenumbersona

scale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feelhowyourclothes

fitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwi[D]However

2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces

3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally

4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting

5.[A]modify[B]t[C]review[D]reach

6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction

7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith

8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]preci[D]immediate

9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods

10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed

11.[A]report[B]track[C]overlook[D]conceal

12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor

13.[A]prepare[B]share[C]adjust[D]confirm

14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests

15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick

16.[A]principle[B]cret[C]belief[D]sign

17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish

18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming

19.[A]becau[B]unless[C]until[D]if

20.[A]obssing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittle

later,inconjunctionwithachild’enaren’t

bornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatements

whyrearchersgenerally

regardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcour,eply

uncomfortable--it'

thisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhat

guiltisandwhatroleguiltcanrve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyrearcheratthe

UniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotions

aren’tbinary--feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.

Jealousyandanger,forexample,

muchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andquilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage

,inotherwords,canhelpholda

indofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,TinaMalti,apsychologyprofessor

attheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.

Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayreprent

dswhoarelowinsympathymay

makeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpuls.

Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,aregiverasssments

andthechildren’slf-obrvations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisor

ekidswerehanded

chocolatecoins,

low-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeel

lt-proneonessharemore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemore

sympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays,“Wecanbeprosocialbecauwecaudharmandwe

feelregret.”

chersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauitmayhelp_______.

teachild’sbasicemotions

eachild’sintellectualability

achild’smoraldevelopment

ifyachild’spositivefeelings

ingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe_______.

ive

some

ive

sable

oldsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat_______.

nsarecontext-independent

nsaresociallyconstructive

nalstabilitycanbenefithealth

ioncanplayopposingroles

ndothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.

pcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

ultfromeithersympathyorguilt

ngaboutemotionalsatisfaction

heoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

d“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclostinmeaningto_______.

ngs

sions

ctions

oings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthehardercallengesinthefightagainstclimate

wehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxidewe

produce,matechangewearehasteningcould

onedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.

Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducing

rniaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomany

climateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'spropodForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtrees

theremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,

restoringtheforest'ytreesarealsobetterableto

theeventofafire,

fewertreesareconsumed.

y,since2010,droughtand

inctshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,and

wildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-

financedfromtheproceedsofthestate''sonlyasmallshare

ofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitalto

prioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforests

islockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwould

earchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey've

focudonwildlife,centlyhavethey

rmia'splan,which

ixpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldrveasamodel.

ng“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat_________.

climatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

maymisunderstandglobalwarming

eweatherconditionsmayari

smaybecomeapotentialthreat

tainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,"wemayneedto__________.

vethediversityofspeciesinthem

ratethegrowthofyoungtrees

abalanceamongdifferentplants

heirprentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

rnia'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_______.

atemoredrought-resistanttrees

thedensityofsomeofitsforests

reeffectivewaystokillincts

eitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

esntialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

letheareasinriousdangerfirst.

yitoutbeforetheyearof2020.

ecttheemissions-permitauctions.

inenoughfinancialsupport.

hor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas________.

ous

nt

tive

us

Text3

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforveralyearsnow.

Givenamulti-yeardeclineinillegalimmigration,andasimilarlysustainedpickupintheU.S.

jobmarket,thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesfor

farmworkers.

Effortstocreateamorestraightforwardagricultural-workersvisathatwouldenable

ngejobswithintheindustryhavesofar

doesn’tchange,Americanbusiness,communitiesandconsumers

willbethelors.

rsuchworkers

entertheU.S.,’sfarm

laborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobettled,ratherthan

migrating,tartofthis

century,,morethanhalfare.

-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremains

asimplausibleasithasbeenallalong:swon’tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisnottheanswereither—tionofcorn,cotton,rice,

soybeansandwheathavebeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensive

crops,suchasstrawberries,iryfarms,whererobotscurrentlydoonlya

smallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforetheyareautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingthe

ngaround2012,requestsforthe

visasrosharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,

whichislimitedto66,,employersfrequentlycomplainthattheyaren’t

cessiscumbersome,

surveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledH-2Aworkerstoarriveonthejobanaverageof22

shortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesome

workersanddriveothersunderground.

Ina2012survey，71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisinand

sterngrowershaverespondedby

1998-2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericans

morethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruithad

increadto25.8percent.

Ineffect,ortfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

oblemshouldbeaddresdaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

minationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

lawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusiness.

ationrulesforfarmworkers.

lture.

lturalworkforceis_______.

ingnumberofillegalimmigrants

hmobilityofcropworkers

kofexperiencedlaborers

ngofimmigrantfarmworkers

g?

actyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

sbacktofarming.

orerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

ngthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

lturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits___.

antingprocedures

ndurationofstay

nedrequirements

lofannualadmissions

fthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

ltureinDecline?

FoodorLabor?

aSavedbyMexico?

tion?

Text4

AmoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It'asy

'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideoforWorld

EnvironmentDay—encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-uplastic

stapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.

ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludea

overarching

messageisdirectedatindividuals.

Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitednofwhat

rown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquitting

plasticstraws,forexample,uld

evenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withouteverprogressingonto

bigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions—akindof"morallicensing"thatallaysourconcerns

andstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoincharge.

Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremains

centeredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas

"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas"citizens"holdourgovernmentsand

industriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.

It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority–oreven

mostpeople'ldn'atestbook,WhyGoodPeopleDoBad

EnvironmentalThings,rearguesthatthe

bestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangeto

bestructural.

Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto

environmentallyproblematicaction,asjust

announceditwill"eliminateallsingle-uplasticinthecountryby2022."Therearealso

incentive-badwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceasier,suchansuring

recyclingisatleastaasyastrashdisposal.

DeSombreisn''sjustthat

individualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachto

changingwidespreadbehavior.

'sjustaboutputtingthingsinto

'progressivepoliciesthatshapecollective

action(andreininpollutingbusiness),alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.

lebritiesstarinanewvideoto

newlawsontheuofplastics

nsumerstocuttheuofplastics

publicopinionontheplasticscrisis

thecausoftheplasticscrisis

horisconcernedthat“morallicensing”may

dusintodoingworthlessthings

tusfrommakingfurtherefforts

ournofaccomplishment

ssourdesireforsuccess

tingoutouridentityas“citizens,”,theauthorindicatesthat

usshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

ationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

beenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

ldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat

rearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe

-winarrangement

-drivenmechanism

-effectiveapproach

wnprocess

horconcludesthatindividualefforts

ooaggressive

ooinconsistent

fromsufficient

fromrational

PartB

Directions:themostsuitable

headingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidshaveasingledemand:abackyard.

McClain’slittleonesaren’ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing,

andinmanycasyoungsters’viewsweighheavilyonparents’realestatedecisions,

accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,.

Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedarkabout

realestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsaboutthefinancial,

personalandlong-termeffectskids’opinionsmayhave.

Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauitcanhelpthem

feelanofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,saidRyan

Hooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.

“Childrenmayfaceriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,especiallyifit

removesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,”hesaid.

GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe’snot

convincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinlectingahome---buttheiropinionsshouldbe

consideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,ifpossible.

Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingtheirhome---withoutactually

gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybadinNewYork.

Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhomewill

makethemfeellikethey’rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Baileysaid.

Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’taconsiderationforchildren,saidTracey

Hampson,arealestateagentbadinSantaClarita,cingtoomuchemphasison

theiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurcha.

“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswi,butI

wouldn’tbathepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.”Hampsonsaid.

Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-maybatheirrealestate

knowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,Calif.

“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.“HGTVhas

’snotshelter,it’at

mindtchangecomesomeriousmoneyconquences.”

Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,

Norrissaid.

Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,

saidJulieGurner,.

“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,”Gurnersaid.“Harshasitmaybetosay,that

decisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild’sopinions,butrathermadeforthem

withgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest-andgivetheman

opportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”

Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto

embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.

sthatsignificantmovesmaypochallengestochildren.

atitiswitoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestate

decisions.

sthathomepurchasshouldnotbebadonlyonchildren's

opinions.

thatchildrenshouldbegivenanofinvolvementin

homebuyingdecisions.

hataspectslikechildren'sfriendsandsocialactivitiesshould

beconsidereduponhomebuying.

esthathomebuyingdecisionsshouldbebadonchildren's

needsratherthantheiropinions.

sthatmanychildren'sviewsonrealestateareinfluencedby

themedia.

SectionIIITranslation

46、Directions:ourtranslationneatlyonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(15points)

uchapleasant,readable

ytimeshaveIheardpeople

say"aven'tthetime."

Herriot,contrarytopopularopinion,didnotfinditeasyinhiarlydaysof,asheput

it,“havingagoatthewritinggame”.Whileheobviouslyhadanabundanceofnaturaltalent,

thefinal,polishedworkthathegavetotheworldwastheresultofyearsofpractising.

emajorityofauthors,hehadtosuffermanydisappointments

andrejectionsalongtheway,butthemadehimallthemoredeterminedtosucceed.

Everythingheachievedinlifewaarnedthehardwayandhissuccessintheliteraryfield

wasnoexception.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47、Directions：Suppoyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisit

professorSmith,writehimanemailtoSuppoProfessorSmithaskedyou

imanemailto

1)suggestaspecifictopicwithyourreasons,

2)andtellhimaboutyourarrangements.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHETE.

“LiMing"instead(10points)

PartB

48、Directions：writing,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

【参考答案】

【1-5】DABBD【6-10】BADCA【11-15】BDCAC【16-20】DCAAA

【21-25】CBDBD【26-30】DDBAC【31-35】CDBAB【36-40】BBDDC

【41-45】ADCGF

【参考译文】

我们很容易低估英国作家古米·哈利。他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风格，有人

认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。很多次我听到人们说:“我能写一本书，我只是

没时间。”说起来容易，做起来难。然面与大家通常所想的不同，正如吉米:哈利所言，

他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏"并非易事。显然，即便他极具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这

个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且经过润色之后才得以形成的。与大

多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚

定了他获取成功的决心。他生命中所取得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。

他在文学领域的成功也不例外。

【参考范文一】

,

It’smypleasuretoplanthedebateoncitytraffic,andIamwritingmainlytoputforward

adviceonthetopicofthisdebateandintroducemypreliminaryarrangementsconcerned.

Tobeginwith,thedebatecanbeconductedwiththetopicof“ByBusorByBike”onthe

groundthatahostofresidentspreferconvenientvehiclestoreducetimecostunderthe

ore,theparticipantsinthisdebatecan

ingthearrangements

ofthedebate,itwillbeheldintheauditoriumonourcampusDec.28th,

interestedinthisdebatecanapplyforparticipationattheStudents’UnionOfficebeforeDec.

y,awatchwillbeawardedtothewinnerofthedebate.

Itwillbehighlyappreciatedifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreplyorsomecommentson

myplan.

Yourssincerely,

ZhangWei

【参考范文二】

Thisbarchartabovelooksintothechoicesthatconcerngraduatesmostwhentheyttle

estaggeringeconomy,mostgraduateschootofindajobafter

theyleaveschool,eventhoughthereisadeclineofabout8percentagein2018,comparing

stpartofthemchootoestablishtheirownbusinessaftergraduation,

estudentswhoaskforfurther

study,s,wecane

fromthechartthatmorestudentschootocontinuetostudyinsteadofworkingafter

education，comparingthoin2013.

Thindno

nehand,most

dicatesthatyouthtoday

areether

hand,studentsarefacinganeverintencompetitionowingtotheexpansionofenrollment.

cansuchstudentsfindfavorablejobs.

thing,itis

esntialthatproperpolicesbeworkedouttopromotestudents’

another,ththis

measurecanoursocietyimproveforasounddevelopment.