宾语补足语

【星火高级语法】

一、定义：

宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。

二、句子结构是：

主+谓+宾+宾补

三、两种结构：

1.主表型：

1)makeourcountrybeautiful(adjective)

2)callhimLaoLi(noun)

3)(adv.)

4)()

2.主谓型：

1)h.（有to不定式）

2).（无to不定式）

3)th.（现在分词）

4).（过去分词）

四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语：

1.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider,think,believe,

discover,find,imagine,judge,suppo,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"tobe+形容词或

名词"结构，think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。Weconsiderhim(tobe)agood

teacher.

我们认为他是一个好老师。Heprovedthattheory(tobe)veryimportant.

他证明那个理论是很重要的。Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImet

her.我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。

2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love,like,prefer,hate,want,

wish,expect等。I'dpreferyoutoleavehimalone.

我希望你不要打扰他。Idon'twanttheretobeanytrouble.

我不想有任何麻烦。

3.注意：hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。

Ihopeyoucangivemeahand.

我希望你能帮我一把。

Iwishyoutogivemeahand.

我希望你能帮我一把。

Herequiredustobeprentatthemeeting.

他要求我们出席会议。

MrLisuggestedthatsheshouldnotgotherealone.

李先生建议她不要独自去那里。

五、可作宾语补足语的形式有：

不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。

六、具体说明：

（一）副词作宾语补足语

Ifoundhiminyesterday.

（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep,make,find等。

如：Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.

（三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,make,think等。

如：Wecallthemmooncakes.

（四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：e,watch,hear,find,keep等。

如：Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.

（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep,find,leave等。如：Ileftmypenonmy

deskathome.

（六）不定式作宾语补足语

1.常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish等；

2.接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：e,watch,hear,make,letadvi,

allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,

request,order,warn,cau等。

如：

Ioftenehimplayfootball.

Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.

Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.

Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.

Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabnce.

Plearemindmetoleaveherthisnote.

Sherequestedhimtogowithher.

3.用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：

①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：Ioftenhelpmy

mother(to)dosomehouwork.

②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去

了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。

一感：feel

二听：hear,listento

三让：let,have,make

四观看：obrve,e,watch,lookat

这类动词有：make,let,have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have

没有被动语态)。Whatwouldyouhavemedo?

你要我做什么？Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.

她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.

他想干什么就让他干吧。

Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittle

sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了

3.掌握“使役动词have+宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义

在“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have也可用get。

这一结构具有以下几种含义：

①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：

Hewantstohavehiyexaminedtomorrow.

他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）

②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：

Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.

当心，否则会弄伤手的。

③意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。

例如：

Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.

他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）

④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。

I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive.

我正等着詹姆斯的到来。

He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation.

他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。

TheUNhascalledonbothsidestoobrvetheceafire.

联合国号召交战双方遵守停火协定。

（七）分词作宾语补足语

用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作

宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

1.跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,

notice,obrve,watch,t等。例如：

Therewassomuchnoithatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimlfheard.

由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。

Whenheawoke,hefoundhimlfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.

他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。

2.几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明：

①表示“意欲；命令”的动词如like,want,wish,order等，可用过去分词

作宾语补足语。例如：

Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.

这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

②感官动词e,hear,notice,obrve,watch,feel,find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足

语。例如：

Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.

刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。

③使役动词have,get,make,leave,keep等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：

Haveyougotyourfilmsdeveloped?你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？

④“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一

结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）

Withwaterheated,wecanethesteam.

水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）

Withthematterttled,weallwenthome.

事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）

课堂练习：

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dthem____atatable_____.

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g;g;unlocking

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Keys:

1-5CCAAD6-10AACBC11-15BDBAD16-20CDAAB21-25CACAB

26-30CBBCA

【大显身手】

一、选择：

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29.---Haveyouhadanyone______yournewly-boughtflat?

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30.---“Didyouhaveanydifficultyintoday’shomework?”---“No,infactIfound__________.”

syto

doit

Key:1-5ABCCB6-10DADAD11-15DAABC16-20BCDCB

21-25AACCB26-30ACCDA

二、阅读理解

A

Asurveyhasshownthatpeoplehavestoppedbelievingboththemediaandpoliticians.A

similarsurveycarriedout5yearsagoshowedthat50%ofpeoplethoughtthatwhatpoliticians

saidwasusuallynottrue,andthat35ofpeoplethoughtthatwhattheysawonthetelevisionor

hthofigureshaveincreadsharply,to80%ofpeople

notbelievingpoliticiansand70%sthinkthat

thefiguresarenotgoingtocomedowninthenearfuture.

Storiesaboutpoliticiansandjournaliststakingmoneyformbusinessmenhavecaudthe

SmithofYorksaid,“Whenthepoliticiansmakenewlaws,theyonlyhelptheirfriends,not

peoplelikeme”.MrsMarleyofLeedssaid,“Thenewspapersandtelevisionarenotinterestedin

whatistrue;theyareonlyinterestedinmoneyforadvertising”.

IthasgotworrecentlyasmorepeoplecangetnewsfromtheInternetandlearnifthe

nourpoliticiansandjournalistsdo?

Theonlyansweristobemorehonest.

berofpeoplebelievingpoliticiansandjournalistshas_______.

d

sthinkthisproblem_______.

tworsoon

ssaybusinessmengivemoneyto_______.

lists

hthinkspoliticiansmakelaws______.

everybody

cannowcheckstoriesusing_______.

ernet

答案：1.C2.B3.B4.A5.C

B

Whowillstagethegames?

ketheathletes,thehostcity

decidingwhichcitywillhosttheOlympicGames,

theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)g

tpreparingaverystrongbid,acitywill

gwaschonforthe2008gamesfromfive

bidders—Osaka,Paris,TorontoandIstanbul.

Whydoesittakesolongtoprepare?

gtheWorldCupin2002in

JapanandSouthKorea,forexample,meantthattennewstadiumshadtobebuilt,aswellasmany

ing,afterwinningthebidthegovernmentbegan

majorconstructionprojects—theextensionoftheunderground,theimprovementoftheairport

stcitymustalsobuildanOlympicvillageforthe

tingtreesandcreatingparks,thecitybecomesmoreattractivefortourists.

WhydocountrieswanttohosttheOlympicGames?

Hostingthegameshasamajoreffectontheeconomyandbringsinternationalprestigetothe

ndsandthousandsofvisitorscometothegamesandthehostcitiesare

permanentlyimproved.

gfortheOlympicGamesusuallystarts____________beforethegamesarereally

held.

rs

gwasoneofthe_______biddersforthe2008games.

ldCup2002washeldin_____________.

nstructionprojectsdidBeijingstartafterwinningthebid?

rovementoftheairport.

ountrieswanttohosttheOlympicGames?

eithasamajoreffectontheeconomy.

eitbringsinternationalprestigetothecountry.

.

答案：1.C2.B3.C4.C5.C