端午节英语介绍

端午节传统风俗活动英语介绍

端午节是我国汉族人民的传统节日，我国民间过端午节是较为隆

重的，庆祝的活动也是各种各样，比较普遍的活动有以下种种形式：

TheDragonBoatFestivalisatraditionalfestivalofthe

HanpeopleinChina,ourcountryfolktheDragonBoat

Festivalisagrandcelebrationactivities,isalsoawide

range,themorepopularactivitiesinthefollowingforms：

赛龙舟：

DragonBoatracing：

赛龙舟，是端午节的主要习俗。相传起源于古时楚国人因舍不得

贤臣屈原投江死去，很多人划船追赶拯救。他们争先恐后，追至洞庭

湖时不见踪迹。之后每年五月五日划龙舟以纪念之。借划龙舟驱散江

中之鱼，以免鱼吃掉屈原的身体。竞渡之习，盛行于吴、越、楚。

Dragonboatracingisanindispensablepartofthe

originatedinancientChupeoplewere

reluctanttoQuYuantothrowtherivertodie,manypeople

llovereachother,

yearinMay

rowing

Rivertodisperthefish,eatfishsoasnottothebodyof

thepractice,prevalentintheWu,Yue,chu.

其实,“龙舟竞渡”早在战国时代就有了。在急鼓声中划刻成龙

形的独木舟，做竞渡游戏，以娱神与乐人，是祭仪中半宗教性、半娱

乐性的节目。

Infact,"DragonBoatRace"earlyintheWarringStates

JackieChaninurgentdrum-shapedcanoeraces

do,games,andmusictoentertainpeopleofGod,isami-

religiousrituals,halfentertainingprograms.

后来，赛龙舟除纪念屈原之外，在各地人们还付予了不同的寓意。

Later,dragonboatracinginadditiontocommemorateQu

Yuan,thelocalpeoplealsopaidadifferentmeaning.

江浙地区划龙舟，兼有纪念当地出生的近代女民主革命家秋瑾的

意义。夜龙船上，张灯结彩，来往穿梭，水上水下，情景动人，别具

情趣。贵州苗族人民在农历五月二十五至二十八举行“龙船节”,以庆

祝插秧胜利和预祝五谷丰登。云南傣族同胞则在泼水节赛龙舟，纪念

古代英雄岩红窝。不同民族、不同地区，划龙舟的传说有所不同。直

到今天在南方的很多临江河湖海的地区，每年端节都要举行富有自己

特色的龙舟竞赛活动。

Jiangzhezoneddragon,meaningbothcommemoratethe

native-bornfemalemoderndemocraticrevolutionaryQiuJin.

Nightdragonboat,decorate,shuttle,water,touchingscene,

uMiaopeopleinthelunarcalendar

inMaytwenty-fivetotwenty-eighthelda"DragonBoat

Festival",incelebrationoftransplantingvictoryandwisha

DaicompatriotsintheWater-

SplashingFestivalDragonBoatRace,memorialancienthero

entnationalities,differentregions,the

odayin

thesouthernregionofriversandlakesinthelot,every

yearatthesamerichcharacteristicsportactivities.

清乾隆二十九年（1736年），台湾开始举行龙舟竞渡。当时台湾

知府蒋元君曾在台南市法华寺半月池主持友谊赛。现在台湾每年五月

五日都举行龙舟竞赛。在香港，也举行竞渡。

Twenty-nineyearsofQingEmperorQianlong(1736),Taiwan

timeTaiwan

magistrateJiangYuanjuninTainanCityHokkejihalfpool

Taiwandragonboatraceisheldin

kong,heldarace.

此外，划龙舟也先后传入邻国日本、越南等及英国。1980年，赛

龙舟被列入中国国家体育比赛项目，并每年举行“屈原杯”龙舟赛。

1991年6月16日（农历五月初五），在屈原的第二故乡中国湖南岳阳

市，举行首届国际龙舟节。在竞渡前，举行了既保存传统仪式又注入

新的现代因素的“龙头祭”.“龙头”被抬入屈子祠内，由运动员给

龙头“上红”（披红带）后，主祭人宣读祭文，并为龙头“开光”

（即点晴）。然后，参加祭龙的全体人员三鞠躬，龙头即被抬去汩罗

江，奔向龙舟赛场。此次参加比赛、交易会和联欢活动的多达60余万

人，可谓盛况空前。尔后，湖南便定期举办国际龙舟节。赛龙舟将盛

传于世。

Inaddition,thedragonboatracinghasalsospreadto

Japan,1980,dragonboatracewas

includedintheChinenationalsportvents,andisheld

everyyear"QuYuanCup"dragonboatrace.(inMayJune16,

1991onthefifthdayofthefifthlunar),inQuYuan's

condhomeChinaHunanYueyangCity,heldthefirst

theraces,held

bothprervetraditionalceremonyintoanewmodern"leading

offering.""bibcock"wascarriedintotheQuzitemple,by

athletestotap"red"(redbelt),Zhujipeoplereadelegiac,

andastheleading"open"(i.e.,afine).Then,allthestaff

participateinthefestivalofdragonthreebows,bibcockis

carriedtotheriver,re

than60peopletoparticipateinthecompetition,fairand

celebration,,Hunanandheld

gonboatracewill

beheadedintheworld.

端午食粽

DragonBoatfooddumpling

传说屈原死后，楚国百姓哀痛异常，纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈

原。渔夫们划起船只，在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈

原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物，“扑通、扑通”地丢进江里，说是让鱼

龙虾蟹吃饱了，就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一

位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里，说是要药晕蛟龙水兽，以免伤

害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食，人们想出用楝树叶包饭，外缠

彩丝，发展成棕子。

LegendofQuYuan'sdeath,Chuabnormalgriefpeople,

haverushedtoMiluoRivertopaytheirrespectstoQuYuan.

Thefishermenrowedboats,andforhisbodyintheriver.A

fishermantookforQuYuanpreparedriceandvegetableroll,

eggandotherfood,"thump,thump"andthrownintotheriver,

saidfishistoeatalobstercrab,nottobitetheflexor

hysician,ajug

ofyellowwinepouredintotheriver,thatistomedicine

HaloWaterDragonbeast,soasnottoharmflexordoctor.

Thenforfearoffreshriceandvegetablerollforthedragon,

peoplethinkofusingneemleavesboard,coloroutsidethe

windingwire,developedintoabrownson.

据记载，早在春秋时期，用菰叶（茭白叶）包黍米成牛角状，称

“角黍”;用竹筒装米密封烤熟，称“筒粽”.东汉末年，以草木灰水

浸泡黍米，因水中含碱，用菰叶包黍米成四角形，煮熟，成为广东碱

水粽。

Accordingtorecords,aarlyasinthespringand

Autumnperiod,themushroomleaves(Zizanialeaf)package

milletintohorn,called"dumplings";aledcookedloaded

withbamboorice,knownasthe"Browntube."theEasternHan

Dynasty,totheashwatersoakedmillet,becauthewater

containingalkali,withGuleavesBaoShumibecomesthefour

angle,cooked,intoGuangdongbadumpling.

晋代，粽子被正式定为端午节食品。这时，包粽子的原料除糯米

外，还添加中药益智仁，煮熟的粽子称“益智粽”.时人周处《岳阳

风土记》记载：“俗以菰叶裹黍米，……煮之，合烂熟，于五月五日

至夏至啖之，一名粽，一名黍。”南北朝时期，出现杂粽。米中掺杂

禽兽肉、板栗、红枣、赤豆等，品种增多。粽子还用作交往的礼品。

JinDynasty,zongziisofficiallydesignatedasthe

time,therawmaterial

exceptglutinousricezongzi,alsoaddFructusAlpinia

oxyphylla,boileddumplingscalled"educationalcast."when

ZhouChu"Yueyangendemicinmind"records："thevulgarwith

Zizanialeavesstuffedmillet,......Cook,andoverripe,from

May5thtothesummersolsticeeatdumplings,aname,a

millet."ThenorthernandSouthernDynasties,mixedrice

dopinganimalmeat,chestnut,reddates,

redbean,isalsoudforexchangesofgifts.

到了唐代，粽子的用米，已“白莹如玉”,其形状出现锥形、菱形。

日本文献中就记载有“大唐粽子”.宋朝时，已有“蜜饯粽”,即果品

入粽。诗人苏东坡有“时于粽里见杨梅”的诗句。这时还出现用粽子

堆成楼台亭阁、木车牛马作的广告，说明宋代吃粽子已很时尚。元、

明时期，粽子的包裹料已从菰叶变革为箬叶，后来又出现用芦苇叶包

的粽子，附加料已出现豆沙、猪肉、松子仁、枣子、胡桃等等，品种

更加丰富多彩。

TotheTangDynasty,thericezongzi,"BaiYingruthe

jade",theshapeoftapered,literature

recordshave"Datangdumplings".DuringtheSongDynasty,had

"prervesdumplings",

poetSuDongpohad"whenYuZongliesYangMei".Atthis

timealsoappearedwithzongzipileintoPavilion,wooden

carthorsforadvertising,explaintheSongDynastyeating

dMingDynasties,rice

dumplingswrappedinmaterialchangefromthemushroomleaves,

bambooleaves,andlaterappearedwithricedumplingswrapped

inreedleaves,additionalmaterialhasbeanpaste,pork,

pinenuts,dates,walnutandsoon,themorerichand

colorfulvariety.

一直到今天，每年五月初，中国百姓家家都要浸糯米、洗粽叶、

包粽子，其花色品种更为繁多。从馅料看，北方多包小枣的北京枣粽；

南方则有豆沙、鲜肉、火腿、蛋黄等多种馅料，其中以浙江嘉兴粽子

为代表。吃粽子的风俗，千百年来，在中国盛行不衰，而且流传到朝

鲜、日本及东南亚诸国。

Untiltoday,everyyearinearlyMay,Chinepeople

everyfamilywillsoakglutinousrice,washthoroughly,

dumplings,efillings,

northofBeijingjujubesmulti-packetXiaozaozongzi;

southernbeanpaste,freshmeat,ham,eggyolkandsoonmany

kindsoffillings,amongthemwithZhejiangdumplingsasthe

tomofeatingzongzi,for

thousandsofyears,theprevalenceinChinaisnotbad,but

alsospreadtoKorea,JapanandSoutheastAsiannations.

佩香囊：

Sachet：

端午节小孩佩香囊，传说有避邪驱瘟之意，实际是用于襟头点缀

装饰。香囊内有朱砂、雄黄、香药，外包以丝布，清香四溢，再以五

色丝线弦扣成索，作各种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑可爱。

TheDragonBoatFestivalsachetchildren,legendaryevil

floodingblast,isactuallyudtoflapheadornament

withcinnabar,realgar,spices,silkcloth,

fragranceoverflowing,thencoloredsilkthreadtostring

buckleintocable,foravarietyofdifferentshapes,forming

abunch,ofeveryhue,exquisiteandlovely.

端午食鸭蛋

DragonBoatfoodduck'gg

高邮的端午较为特殊，有系百索子、贴五毒、贴符、放黄烟子、

吃“十二红”等习俗，孩子兴挂“鸭蛋络子”,就是挑好看的鸭蛋装在

彩线结成的络子中，挂在胸前。

Gaoyoudragonboatismorespecial,ahundredbamboo,

stickWudu,pastetheaddress,putyellowsoot,eat"twelve

red"custom,childrenhang"duck'ggenvelope,Xing"

pickinggood-lookingduck'ggcolorlineinstalledformed

inthesub-network,hanginginthechest.

悬艾叶菖蒲：

Hangingmugwortcalamus：

民谚说：“清明插柳，端午插艾”.在端午节，人们把插艾和菖蒲

作为重要内容之一。家家都洒扫庭除，以菖蒲、艾条插于门眉，悬于

堂中。并用菖蒲、艾叶、榴花、蒜头、龙船花，制成人形或虎形，称

为艾人、艾虎；制成花环、佩饰，美丽芬芳，妇人争相佩戴，用以驱

瘴。

Minyansaid："ChingMingLiuinrted,theDragonBoat

FestivalAIinrted."intheDragonBoatFestival,people

putthemugwortandcalamusasoneofimportantcontent.

Everybodysasaoaddition,calamus,moxastickinrtedinthe

dooreyebrow,amus,Artemsia

argyi,enterpri,garlic,Ixora,makehumanoidortigerform,

calledAI,Yihu;madegarlands,accessories,beautyand

fragrance,womaneagertowear,todrivemalaria.

艾，又名家艾、艾蒿。它的茎、叶都含有挥发性芳香油。它所产

生的奇特芳香，可驱蚊蝇、虫蚁，净化空气。中医学上以艾入药，有

理气血、暖子宫、祛寒湿的功能。将艾叶加工成“艾绒”,是灸法治病

的重要药材。

AI,AI,s,leavescontain

ucesstrangearoma,mosquitoes

andflies,ants,ionalChine

medicinewithAImedicine,rationalQiandblood,warmthe

uterus,vesareprocesd

into"moxa",isanimportantmedicinalmoxibustiontreatment.

菖蒲是多年生水生草本植物，它狭长的叶片也含有挥发性芳香油，

是提神通窍、健骨消滞、杀虫灭菌的药物。

Theirisisaperennialaquaticherb,itnarrowleafalso

containvolatilearomaticoil,isrefreshingTongqiao,bone

healthXiaozhi,incticidalsterilization.

可见，古人插艾和菖蒲是有一定防病作用的。端午节也是自古相

传的“卫生节”,人们在这个天洒扫庭院，挂艾枝，悬菖蒲，洒雄黄水，

饮雄黄酒，激浊除腐，杀菌防病。这些活动也反映了中华民族的优良

传统。端午节上山采药，则是我国各国个民族共同的习俗。

Visible,theancientsinrtedmoxaandAcoruscalamus

gonBoatFestivalis

theancient"HealthDay",peopleinthisdaysasaocourtyard,

hangingmoxasticks,hangingcalamus,sprinklerealgarwater,

drinkingrealgaryellowwine,excitedturbidityrot,

ctivitiesalsoreflectsthefine

BoatFestivalherbs

inthemountains,itisourcountriestoacommonethnic

customs.

悬钟馗像：

ZhongKuihanginglike：

钟馗捉鬼，是端午节习俗。在江淮地区，家家都悬钟馗像，用以

镇宅驱邪。唐明皇开元，自骊山讲武回宫，疟疾大发，梦见二鬼，一

大一小，小鬼穿大红无裆裤，偷杨贵妃之香囊和明皇的玉笛，绕殿而

跑。大鬼则穿蓝袍戴帽，捉住小鬼，挖掉其眼睛，一口吞下。明皇喝

问，大鬼奏曰：臣姓钟馗，即武举不第，愿为陛下除妖魔，明皇醒后，

疟疾痊愈，于是令画工吴道子，照梦中所见画成钟馗捉鬼之画像，通

令天下于端午时，一律张贴，以驱邪魔。

ZhongKuiBuffy,

Jianghuaiarea,everyfamilyhangsZhongKuitolooklike,to

nghuangKaiyuan,since

MountLiWuHuiGong,malaria,bighair,dreamedoftwo

ghosts,onelargeandonesmall,kidwearingrednocrotch

pants,stealsachetandEmperorconcubineYangofjadeflute,

iswearingthebluerobe,

hat,caughtthelittledevil,gougedouthiyes,amouthto

stion,bigghostSonatasaid：hisnameis

ZhongKui,Wuisnotthefirst,iswillingtoyourMajestyin

additiontodemons,curedmalariaemperorafterwaking,and

sotopainters,WuDaozi,asthepaintedportraitofZhong

KuiBuffythedreamworld,ordersforthedragonboat,will

bepostedtoexorcidemons.

饮雄黄酒：

Drinkingrealgaryellowwine：

说到端午不能不提雄黄酒。端午饮雄黄酒的习俗，从前在长江流

域地区极为盛行。

SpeakingoftheDragonBoatFestivalcannotfailto

gonBoatFestival

drinkingrealgaryellowwinecustom,intheYangtzeRiver

Valleyixtremelypopular.

古语曾说“饮了雄黄酒，病魔都远走”.雄黄是一种矿物质，俗

称“鸡冠石”,其主要成分是硫化砷，并含有汞，有毒。一般饮用的雄

黄酒，仅仅在白酒或自酿的黄酒里加入微量雄黄而成，无纯饮的。雄

黄酒有杀菌驱虫解五毒的功效，中医还用来治皮肤病。在没有碘酒之

类消毒剂的古代，用雄黄泡酒，能够祛毒解痒。

Theoldsayingsaid"drinkyellowwine,thediais

faraway."realgarisakindofmineral,commonlyknownas

the"interpretation",itisthemaincomponentofarnic

sulfide,andcontainmercury,eraldrinking

yellowwine,justaddatraceofRealgarinliquororbrewed

yellowwinetodrink,winesterilization

anthelminticsolutiontheefficacy,Chinemedicineisalso

bnceofiodine

disinfectantwithsuchancient,realgarwine,canremove

toxinsolutionitch.

未到喝酒年龄的小孩子，大人则给他们的额头、耳鼻、手足心等

处涂抹上雄黄酒，意在消毒防病，虫豸不叮。古诗云：“唯有儿时不

可忘，持艾簪蒲额头王。”意思是说端午节这天，孩子们拿了艾叶，

戴上菖蒲，额头上用雄黄酒写个“王”字，以求百鬼畏惧，孩子得以

长命百岁。

Nottothedrinkingagechildren,adultsgavetheir

forehead,no,handandfoot,withyellowwine,todia

preventionanddisinfection,t

cloud："onlychildnottobeforgotten,theAIZanpu

foreheadking."ItissaidthatthedayoftheDragonBoat

Festival,thechildrentaketheleaves,putonAcoruscalamus,

foreheadwithyellowwinetowritea"King"character,in

ordertoghostfear,childrenhavemanyhappyreturns.

把雄黄酒洒在墙角、床底等处，能够驱虫，清洁环境。但现代科

学研究表明，雄黄酒外用尚可，饮用则有害，必须慎用。但是，雄黄

酒仍是端午节的重要象征之一，有所缺失不免遗憾。那么，让我们把

“雄”字去掉，备上一壶上好的黄酒代替吧。

Theyellowwinesprinkledonthecornerofawall,the

bedetc.,canberepellent,modern

scientificrearchshowsthat,themaleisyellowwine

drinkingisharmful,externalu,mustbeudwithcaution.

However,oneoftheimportantsymbolofmaleyellowwineis

theDragonBoatFestival,,letus

considerthe"male"wordremoved,makinggoodonapotof

yellowwineinstead.

游百病：

Travelsickness：

游百病为盛行于贵州地区的端午习俗。男女老幼往野外游玩，

穿新衣，在中午一时左右，路上山上或树下挤满人群，手抱花草，

非常快乐。晚上回家将花草和水煮开洗澡，老年人称为“游百病”及

“洗百病”,不出去游百病及洗百病的人，一年到头就不会获得吉利。

TraveldiasprevalentintheGuizhouareaofthe

women,oldandyoungto

playinthefield,wearingnewclothes,atnoontime,theway

themountainorunderatreefullofpeople,holdingflowers,

atnighttotakeashowerflowersand

watertoboil,theelderlycalled"youall"and"washall

dias",donotgooutandwashalldias,willbe

unluckythroughouttheyear.

挂长命缕

Hangalongthread

时端午节厌胜佩饰。亦称续命缕、续命丝、延年缕、长寿线，别

称“百索”、“辟兵绍”、“五彩缕”等，名称不一，形制、功用大

体相同。其俗在端午节以五色丝结而成索，或悬于门首，或戴小儿项

颈，或系小儿手臂，或挂于床帐、摇篮等处，俗谓可避灾除病、保佑

安康、益寿延年。此类节物的形制大体有五：简单的以五色丝线合股

成绳，系于臂膀；在五彩绳上缀饰金锡饰物，挂于项颈；五彩绳折成

方胜，饰于胸前；五彩绳结为人像戴之；以五彩丝线绣绘日月星辰乌

兽等物，敬献尊长。此俗始于汉代。东汉应劭《风俗通·佚文》：

“午日，以五彩丝系臂，避鬼及兵，令人不病瘟，一名长命缕，一名

辟兵绍”.以后相沿成习，直至近、现代。清富察敦祟《燕京岁时记》

记当时风俗：“每至端阳，闺阁中之巧者，用续罗制成小虎及粽子、

壶卢、樱桃、桑葚之类，以彩线穿之，悬于钗头，或系于小儿之背。”

其中唐宋时，更有宫廷赐大臣此种节物之事。史载唐代宗兴元元年端

节，宫廷曾赐百索一轴。又《宋史·礼志十五》：“前一日，以金缕

延寿带、彩丝续命缕分赐百官。节日戴以入。”

knownasthecontinuedlifestrand,wire,prolonglife

longevitylock,line,knownas"100cable","BingShao,"

monarch"multicoloredray",notaname,roughlythesame

shape,tomintheDragonBoatFestivalwith

coloredsilkknotintocable,orhangingfromadoor,or

wearinganeckinchildren,orchildren'sarm,orhungonthe

cradlebednets,etc.,asthatcanavoiddisasterexcept

dia,prolonglife,ctionoffabric

shapegenerallyhavefive：simplecoloredsilkthread

twistedintoarope,tiedtothearms;inthecolorfulrope

decoratedgoldtinornaments,hangingonaneck;colorful

ropefoldedintowins,decoratedinfrontofthechest;

multicoloredknotforpeoplewhowear;withcolorfulsilk

embroideredstarsandblackbeastpaintingtheelders,a.

o"customspass,

lost"："theafternoon,withcolorfulsilkriesarm,to

avoidtheghostsandsoldier,isnotdia,plague,along

thread,anewBingShao".Laterbecomeacustomthroughlong

timeusage,untilnearly,ChaDunShung

"Yanjingattheageofmind"records："eachtotheDragon

BoatFestivalCustomsatthattimeintheboudoir,skillful,

withcontinuedLuomadedumplings,suchastigersand

calabash,cherry,mulberry,takingthecolorlinewear,

hanginginthehairpinhead,backtochildrenor

departments."TheTangandSongDynasties,moreGongTingci

nsthehistoryofTang

DynastyZongXingyuanyearend,thecourthasgivenhundreds

"historyoftheSongDynastyLiZhi

fifteen"："thedaybefore,inwitchYanshoubelt,colorsilk

efestival."

斗草：

Bucketgrass：

汉以前不见斗草之戏。（《历代社会通俗事物考·尚秉和》）起

源无考，普遍认为与中医药学的产生相关。远古先民艰苦求存，生活

单调，暇余以斗虫、斗草、斗兽等为戏自娱，及至传说的“神农尝百

草”形成中医药学后，每年端午节群出郊外采药，插艾门上，以解溽

暑毒疫，衍成定俗；收获之余，往往举行比赛，以对仗形式互报花名、

草名，多者为赢，兼具植物知识、文学知识之妙。

BeforetheHannobucketgrass.("thepopularthings,

ShangBingtest")originwithoutexamination,generally

ient

peoplehardtosurvive,lifeismonotonous,XiaYutoincts,

bucketgrass,animalfightingforplayamuonelf,andthe

legend"Shennong"formoftraditionalChinemedicine,the

annualDragonBoatFestivalGroupontheoutskirtsofherbs,

inrtedEmmons,inordertosolvetheswelteringsummer

weathervirusdia,spreadintothevulgar;harvestthe

game,oftenheldintheformofantithesis,reciprocity,

grassflowers,moretowin,withbetterknowledge,knowledge

ofliteratureofplant.