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一般将来时时态
1.一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow,
soon或短语nextyear/week/month,inafewdays,inthefuture,sometime做状语。如:
Whatwillyoudothisafternoon?你今天下午干什么?
Wewillhaveameetingtomorrow.我们明天要开会。
Heisgoingtostudyabroad(到国外)nextyear.明年他要出国学习。
2.一般将来时的结构及应用
(1)shall/will+动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情
或在某条件下要发生的事情,只能用此结构。如:
Whatshallwedoifhedoesn’tcome?如果他不来,我们该怎么办?
Willyoubefreethivening?今天晚上有空吗?
Ithinkhewilltellusthetruth(真相)。我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。
(2)begoingto+动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情,也可表示有迹象表明肯定要
发生的事情。如:
Wearegoingtohaveameetingtodiscuss(讨论)thematterthivening.今天晚上开会讨论
这件事情。
itisgoingtorainsoon.看一看那边的乌云,我想天
要下雨了。
ThereisgoingtobeanEnglisheveningthisweek.本周要举行一个英语晚会。
(3)be+现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词:
come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,clo,open,die,join,borrow,buy等。如:
Goahead,andI’mcoming.走前面一点吧,我就来。
Thedogisdying.那条狗要死了。
pisclosing.快点,商店就要关门了。
(4)一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离
站等。如:
Don’tingstartsataquarterpasteight.不要匆忙,回忆八点过一刻开始。
Thebusgoesbackatfourthirty.汽车四点返回。
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巩固练习:
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
ellsmehe_________________(visit)theGreatWall(长城)thisweekend.
er_________________(buy)meapairofnewtrourstomorrow.
sshe_________________(leave)soon.
_________________(go)skatingifitdoesn’trainnextSunday.
_________________(be)anEnglisheveningnextweek.
ver,andyou_________________(get)agoodidea.
7.——___________Jim___________(have)apicnicnextMonday?
——-No,he__________.
8.I_________________(miss)youafteryouleavehere.
_________________(teach)youEnglishnextyear
_________________(be)backinthreehours.
___________________(rain).
二、改错:每处划线中有错误,在题后改正
singanddancesforustomorrow.
goingtoswim?------Yes,Iwill.
helpJimwithhisEnglisheveryday.
rsistersingsasongformetomorrow?
lln’tplanttreesnextweek.
ygoingtoplaysbasketballtomorrow?
gotovisitthefactorytomorrow?
llbegoingtomakedumplingsforEmma.
boysgoingtotheGreatWallnextmonth?------Yes,theywill.
三、句型转换:
llcleanthewindowsnextweek.
否定句:__________________________________________________________
一般疑问句:___________________________________________________________
两回答:________________________________________________________
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特殊疑问句:___________________________________________________
四、选择题
()1.—Areyougoingto_______ourEnglishteam?
—Yes,Iam.
()ndherteammatesare_______theUSAnextweek.
()_______anEnglishpartyinourclassnextweek.
()_______tomorrow,wewillgotothepark.
’’’’train
()______egoandwatchit?
“Wouldyouminddoing…”句型透视
mind用作动词时,习惯后接动名词(短语)作宾语,而不接动词不定式,常用于Would
youminddoing…?句型中,具体用法是:
1.“Wouldyouminddoing…?”句型常用于表示请求,意思是“请你做……你是否介
意?、请你做……好吗?”,是一种比较客气的表达方式。如:
Wouldyoumindturningoffthelightintheroom?请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗?
如果要表示“请你不要做……你是否介意?、请你不要做……好吗?”,只需要在doing
前面加上not.如:
Wouldyoumindnotstandinginfrontofme?请你不要站在我的前面好吗?
2.如果同意,表示不介意时,可用如下用语来表达:
Certainly/Ofcournot./Notatall./No,notatall;如果不同意,表示介意时,常用
“Sorry/I‘msorry.”(对不起)及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。如:
—Wouldyoumindgoingtothemoviesthivening?今晚去看电影好吗?
—I‘ven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.
对不起,我的作业还没有完成。
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学习时还要注意:
1.“Wouldyouminddoing…?”句型中的would也可用do代替,但语气较生硬,不如用
would客气。
2.“Wouldyouminddoing…?”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方
允许自己做某事,可用“Wouldyoumindmydoing…?”句型,如:
Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?
你介意我在这里吸烟吗?
巩固练习:
一、用下面提供的短语完成句子。
washmyclothes
Wouldyoumind______________________________?
racupoftea
Wouldyoumind_______________________________?
mmendhiscar
Doyouhave_______________________________?
theroad
Wouldyoumind_______________________________ontheroad?
二、选择题
()1.—Wouldyoumind_______usinthegame?
—Notatall.
gin
()2.—WouldyouliketoclimbmountainswithmethisSunday?
—I’_______playtabletennisagainstClassThree.
o
()3.—Wouldyoumind_______here?
—I’msorryaboutthat.I’llgosomewhereel.
ke
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hadbetter用法详解
ter的基本用法特点
其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通
常缩略为’d:
You’dbettergetsomesleep.你最好去睡一会儿。
Wehadbettergobeforeitrains.我们最好在下雨前就去。
ter如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时,通常将not置于hadbetter之后(而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,
则通常将had(而不是hadbetter)置于主语之前:
I’dbetternotdisturbhim.我最好别去打扰他。
Whathadwebetterdo?我们最好怎么办?
练习题
()1.—I’’dbettergotoeadoctor.
—_______
,’sagoodidea.
’sverykindofyou.D.I’msorrytohearthat.
()2.—I’ouldIdo?
—You’dbettereat_______meatand_______fruits.
;;;;more
()betteraskyourbrother_______’sbadforhim.
eitup
()4.—ouldIdo?
—You_______drinksweetwaterand_______eatsweetfood.
ternot;shouldn’;hadbetter
ter;n’t;should
()5.—Ihaveatoothache.
—Youshould_______.
est
oodsleep
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情态动词的基本用法归纳
情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),need
(needed),oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原
形构成谓语。
一、can,could
1.表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)
Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)
Canyouskate?(技能)
2.表示请求和允许。
-----CanIgonow?
-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更
委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
----CouldIcometoeyoutomorrow?
----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)
3.表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.
Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.
4.表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Canthisbetrue?
Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.
Howcanthisbetrue?
二、may,might
1.表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?
----No,youmustn’t.
----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?
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----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)
用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。
2.用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
Mayyousucceed!
3.表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.
2.Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.
三、must,haveto
1.表示必须、必要。
Youmustcomeintime.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’t
haveto(不必).
----Mustwehandinourexercibookstoday?
----Yes,youmust.
----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.
是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,have
to有更多的时态形式。
1)heplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.
2)IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.
3.表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1)You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.
2)Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.
四、need
作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,ought
to,should代替。
1)Youneedn’tcomesoearly.
2)----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.
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作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.
五、shall,should
用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
Whatshallwedothivening?
用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
1).Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)
2)HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)
3)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
六、will,would
1.表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,plea?
2..表示意志、愿望和决心。
1).Iwillneverdothatagain.
2.)Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比udto正式,且
没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
1).Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.
2).Thewoundwouldnotheal.
七、should
表示“应该”
1).Ishouldhelpherbecausheisintrouble.
2.表示推测should,(客观推测),must(主观推测)。
1).Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家)
2)Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.(不太肯定)
3)Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(直爽)
4)Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.(含蓄)
练习题
()1.—MayIaskyousomequestions,?
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—_______
’,goahead.
,I’,youmust.
()2.—MustItakepartintheactivity?
—No,you_______.You’uldlookafteryourlf.
’’’’thaveto
()3.—MayIwatchTV,Mom?
—I’mafraidyou_______.
’
()4.—Mustwekeepthewindow_______allthetime?
—No,youdon’thaveto.
()5.—MustItakethemedicineeveryday?
—No,you_______.
’’’t
()erisill.I_______stayathometotakecareofher.
()7.—MayIuyourdictionary,Lily?
—Sure,_______.
’’sallright
反身代词用法归纳
一、反身代词的基本形式
反身代词是onelf根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有mylf,himlf,
herlf,yourlf,itlf,ourlves,yourlves,themlves等形式。
二、onelf与himlf
当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用onelf,在美国英语中也可用himlf:
Oneshouldnotpraionelf[himlf].一个人不应该自吹自擂。
三、反身代词的句法功能:
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1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末:
Theboxitlfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。
Martinhimlfattendedthesickman.马丁亲自照顾病人。
2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):
Takegoodcareofyourlf.照顾好自己。
Shecouldnotmakeherlfunderstood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。
Thechildcriedhimlftosleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。
3.用作表语
Thepoorboywasmylf.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
Theoneswhoreallywantitareourlves.真正想要它的是我们自己。
代词列表
人称代词
主格
人称代词
宾格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
Imemyminemylf
weusouroursourlves
youyouyouryoursyourlf
yourlves
sheherherhersherlf
hehimhishishimlf
itititsitsitlf
theythemtheirtheirsthemlves
主格做主语宾格做宾语
放在动词介词
后
放在名词前
不可单独用
替代形代+名词
不可与名词连
用
by后接
反身代词
()1.—Heplaysbasketballsowell!Whotaught_______?
—Helearntitby_______.
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;f;;f;him
要求四会的单词
名词
体育运动
teammatchfootballtennisbaball
skatingrowingcyclingbasketballsoccer
人物或称谓类
personplayermusicianscientistpilot
policemanpolicewomanpostmanfisherman
herograndfathergrandmothergrandparents
物品类
basketcuppapergoldrecord
brushring
处所类
grasstheatre/theatermuumfactory
身体健康类
bodyhealthtoothacheheadachefever
coughstomachacheillnessmedicineheart
食品饮料类
coffeeteacandyfruitsugar
tomato+espotato+essaltwatermelonsandwich
strawberrybeefbiscuitmeal
时间类
agecenturyweekend
文化信息类
informationwebsiteInternetdictionary
knowledgemessagepassageculture
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其他
showerfactcareadvice(apieceofadvice)newspity
articlesmokeriskquestionhabitworld
warintroductionnotesmilepeace
southmiddletaxianswerlittervoicescore
linephoneexampleskill
pointchancesuggestionmindside
dreamfuturefriendshipjumppart
形容词或副词
weak←→strongleast←→mostpopular←→unpopular
healthy=fit←→illfat←→thindirty←→clean
uful←→ulessdark←→brighthungry←→full
dead←→alivecheap←→expensive=deartrue←→fal
correct←→wrongpossible←→impossiblequiteexcited
/excitingtired/tiring
certainlybadlyreallyfinallyeven
famousmadangrymainsuccessful
enoughterribleriousstillfunnyactive
modernnecessary
动词:
wincheerrowjoinskatecycle
dreamgrowspendjumprelax
leavekickpassthrowfight
enjoy/practice/finish/mind+kill
inventbecomefollowholdscore
pointhithearringstandfeelbreak
recordsuggestliftboilbrush
liecrycarecheckworrycau
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smoketasteforceriskbuildhappen
介词
againstthroughwithoutoffexcept
词组荟萃
名词词组
tabletennisthedayaftertomorrowdayandnight
icecreampotatochipsfirstaidrelayrace
动词词组
cheer...ongrowupbegoodfor
begoodat=dowellin←→dobadlyintakepartinkeepfit
houtatsb.
doone’sbest=tryone’sbestbeangrywithtalkabout
comeintobeingstandforhaveacoldliedown
careof
介词词组及其他
forexampleatleastinfactas...aspossible
inthefuture
ontheotherhandinsteadofalloveratfirst
课本中出现的词组或搭配归纳
/doingsth
jointheschoolrowingteamjoinsbspend...doingsth
thehighjumpthelongjumpturn...into...make
sb./sth.+
playagainsthavefun
/forexample
hundredsofyearstheboys’800-meterracelotsof=alotof
firstplacenexttime
look/getwell/bettertakeone’sadvice
takemedicinetake/haveabathhave/takearest
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out
falldownnothingriousstayup
haveagoodrestdomorning/eyeexercistell/asksbtodosth.
.=h
重句大本营
1.—Whatareyougoingtodo?
—I’mgoingtoplaybasketball.
2.—Wouldyouliketocomeandcheeruson?
—Sure,I’dloveto.
3.—Whichsportdoyouprefer,swimmingorrowing?
—Ipreferrowing.
4.—Areyougoingtojointheschoolrowingteam?
—Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.
5.—What’syourfavoritesport,________?
—Basketball,ofcour.
6.—Who’syourfavoriteplayer?
—LeBronJames.
7.—Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?
—I’mgoingtobeascientist.
8.—Whydoyoulikeplayingsoccer?
—Becauitmakeshimstrongandit’spopularallovertheworld.
9.—_______,couldyouhelpme(=givemeahand),plea?
—Sure.
10.—Willyoujoinus?
—I’dbegladto.
11.—Wouldyoumindteachingme?
—doit!
12.—Wouldyoumindnotputtingyourbikehere?
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—Sorry.I’llputitsomewhereel.
13.—_______,IamsorryforwhatIsaid.(宾语从句)
—It’snothing.
14.—Willyoutakepartintheschoolsportsmeet?
—OfcourIwill.
15.—Whichsportwillyoutakepartin?
—Theboys’800-meterrace.
16.—Hello,is_______in?
—Speaking.
17.—Whatshallwetake?
—We’lltakeoursportsclothesandsportsshoes.
18.—ShallItakemycamera?
—Goodidea!It’llbefun
19.—Whenshallwemeet?
—Let’smakeithalfpastsix.
20.—Whereshallwemeet?
—Atmyhou.
21.—Hello,_________!Youdon’’swrongwithyou?=What’sthe
matterwithyou?=Whatisthematterwithyou?
—Ihaveatoothache/backache/stomachache/headache/fever.(Ihavetheflu.)
22.—Ihopeyou’llgetwellsoon.
—Thankyou.
23.—Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?
—Twodays./Fortwodays.
24.—You’dbettertakesomemedicine.
—IthinkIwill.
25.—Howareyoufeelingtoday?
—Nottoobad.
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26.—Stayinguplateisbadforyourhealth.
—Right!Imusthaveagoodrest.
27.—MayIaskyousomequestions,?
—Sure,goahead.
28.—Mustwegotoeadoctoratoncewhenwehavetheflu?
—Yes,wemust./No,weneedn’t.(wedon’thaveto).
29.—ng?
30.—I’mafraidheisbusyrightnow.
—CanIleaveamessage?
—Sure,goahead.
其他重要句型
ndshalfanhourexercisinginthegymeveryday.
sgoingtobeaschoolsportsmeetnextweekend.
eleavingforJapanthedayaftertomorrow.
ballisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheUnitedStatesandotherparts
oftheworld.
’simportantforyouandtheotherplayerstoplayasateam.
ndredsofyears’history,itisoneofthemostpopularsportsinEngland.
merOlympicsandWinterOlympicsarebothheldeveryfouryears.
’dbetterstayinbedandnotmoveyourleftlegtoomuch.
thedoctor’sadvice,andyou’llgetwellsoon.=Ifyoufollowthedoctor’s
advice,you’llgetwellsoon.
fulnottoeattoomuchsaltorsugar.
mothermadehimtasteit.
stgiveupsmokingassoonaspossible.
gsportscanalsohelpyoukeepfit.
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