
中学被动语态的讲解
被动语态讲解
知识点概述:
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态(Activevoice)和被动语态(Passive
voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动
作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要
动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词
来表示被动意义。
一、被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词
构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形
式为:
1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时
例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.
2)has/havebeendone现在完成时
例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,and
we'rereadytostart.
3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时
例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.
4)was/weredone一般过去时
例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldreject
theoffer.
5)hadbeendone过去完成时
例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeen
completedinBeijing.
6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时
例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.
7)shall/willbedone一般将来时
例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactoryclos.
8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时
例Thenewswouldbenttothesoldier'smotherassoonas
itarrived.
9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)
例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结
构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为
主语的是间接宾语。
例Hismothergavehimaprentforhisbirthday.可改为He
wasgivenaprentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.
3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变
为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为The
boywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词e,watch,notice,
hear,feel,obrve等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式
to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为A
strangerwantowalkintothebuilding.
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词
+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能
分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。
例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.
二、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知
道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省
by短语)。
例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccept
theoffer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwas
immediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一个主语就够了)
三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,
report,say,suppo,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+
that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有:
Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelieved
that…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…
众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建
议。
例Itissaidthattheboyhaspasdthenationalexam.(=
Theboyissaidtohavepasdthenationalexam.)
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,
open,ll,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描
述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调
外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)
Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有
锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,
takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,
giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来
的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,
sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意
义。
例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动
形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例Thehouneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要
修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不
能跟动写春节的作文400字 词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-
bookisveryworthytoberead.)
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系
时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被
动含义。
例Ihavea辞职信的格式 lotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things
是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’avealettertobe
posted?(此处用不定式的被赵高是太监吗 动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的
执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句
子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主
动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,
difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout
省略了forme).
5.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主
动形式表示被动意义。
例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.
6.在therebe…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定
式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例Thereisnotimetolo(tobelost).(用tolo可看成
forustolo;用tobelost,谁losttime不明确。)
7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表
被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词r饺子的寓意 ent,blame,let等仍用不定式
的主动形式表示被动意义。
例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?
六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义
相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1.“under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:
undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治疗中),under
repair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在讨论中),under
construction(在施工中)。
例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).
2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。
常见的有:beyondbelief(令人难以置信),beyondone’sreach
(鞭长莫及),beyondone’scontrol(无法控制),beyondour
hope.我们的成功始料不及。
例Therumourisbeyondbelief(=can’tbebelieved).
3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、
高于……”。
例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallprai.=Hishonest
charactercannotbepraidenough.
4.“for+名词”结构,表示“适于……、为着……”。如:for
sale(出售),forrent(出租)等。
例Thathouisforsale.(=Thathouisto电路板设计 besold).
5.“in+名词”结构,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有:
inprint(在印刷中),insight(在视野范围内),等。
例Thebookisnotyetinprint.(=isnotyetprinted)
6.“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有:on
sale(出售),onshow(展出),ontrial(受审)。
例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuum(=are
beingshowed).
7.“outof+名词”结构;表示“超出……之外“,常见的有:
outofcontrol(控制不了),outofsight(超出视线之外),outof
one’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。
例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled).。
8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。
例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission
被动语态习题(小试牛刀)
nois____fromincreasing,people____shouttobe
heardevenatdinner.
A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;have
C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto
thgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,
are____andperfectednow.
veloped
vebeendeveloped
3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
---Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I美好词语 'mtoldD.Itold
nemorestampbeforemycollection___.
ncompletedD.
iscompleted
rests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywil桑拿板吊顶效果图 l
disappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
ncut
suspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.
ndesigned
edesigned
encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit
____.
nbroken
hanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.
entakenplace;havebeentup
kenplace;havebeentup
kenplace;havetup
kenplace;weretup
it__over60dollars.
10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.
---What’stheprettysmallhouthat__for?
ding
11.---Doyoulikethematerial?
---Yes,it___verysoft.
fficultforaforeigner____Chine.
A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written
omoreletters____,thankyou.
A.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.typed
re!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.
’’tbewashedout
’’twashingout
noticedthethiefslipintothehoubecauthe
lightshappenedto___.
putersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.
to
17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?
---Oh,’sworth___acondtime.
ead
irrelwasluckythatitjustmisd___.
h
geneeded___again.
ecked
20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodothe
exercis
D.
Teaching
21)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.
A)designedB)hasbeendesigned
C)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned
22)tthefilm____bythetimewegettothe
cinema.
A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestarted
C)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted
23)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.
A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken
24)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.
A)isfoundB)hasbeenfound
C)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound
25)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“
room____.”
A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispainted
C)paintsD)isbeingpainted
26)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.
A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdeveloped
C)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped
27)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployed
C)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed
28)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversi烩小吃 ties____since
1949.
A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablished
C)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished
29)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecau
we____ifweleaveithere.
A)wouldbefinedB)willbefined
C)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined
30)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreon
egoandeittogether?”
A)TheyhavebeengivenB)Ihavebeengiven
C)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome
31)Thesubjectofthelectures____bythelecture
committee.
A)isannouncedB)havebeenannounced
C)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced
32)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorof
David'sroom.
A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is
33)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.
A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloading
C)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded
34)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectufuladviceand
friendlyassistance.
A)overcomesB)isovercome
C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome
35)Mostenvironmentproblemxistbecauadequate
measuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.
A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)had
notbeen
36)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now
____sour.
A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling
37)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.
A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)has
beenwon
38)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowwhereshe
____now.
A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen
39)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.
A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobe
C)beenprovedD)provedbeing
40)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,
____photographicallyinMarch1930.
A)discoveredB)wasdiscovered
C)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered
41)Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.
A)ouratshadtobechangedB)ouratswere
changed
C)wehadtochangeouratsD)ouratswere
changedbyus
42)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceof
material.
A)createdB)hascreated
C)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated
43)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.
A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidto
C)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto
44)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,which
theybelievecanremedythecommoncold.
A)havetakenB)havebeentaken
C)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking
45)Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.
A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengiven
C)havinggivenD)tohavegiven
46)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithout
it____.
A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobe
known
47)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnext
month.
A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompleted
C)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting
48)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoan
Americanport.
A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbrought
C)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought
49)Hedoesnotposssabicycle,thisoneheus____to
Peter.
A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)is
belonging
50)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreat
eventwillbediscusdthen.
A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopening
C)isgoingtoopenD)opens
51)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.
A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplained
C)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained
52)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____in
boththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.
A)wereconductingB)wereconducted
C)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted
53)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimlf____bya
maninblack.
A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeen
tailed
54)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination
____atthismoment.
A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewed
C)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing
55)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereen
____thenewhou.
A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild
56)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.
A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekept
C)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup
57)Thecompositi交易头寸 on____anymore.
A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn'tneedtobe
corrected
C)doesn'tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect
58)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroad
daylightyesterday
A)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbed
C)robbedD)havingbeenrobbed
59)Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthe广场舞比赛 re.
A)willhavesoldB)willll
C)havesoldD)willhavebeensold
60)Hecleanedtheglasscarefullyforfearthatit____.
A)wasdamagedB)shouldbedamaged
C)damagedD)wouldbedamaged
被动语态习题
key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA
11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB
被动语态部分练习题答案:
1)C2)A3)A4)C5)D6)D7)C8)B9)B10)B11)D12)C13)D14)B
15)B16)C17)A18)A19)B20)B21)C22)D23)A24)C25)A26)C
27)A28)C29)C30)A31)B32)C33)A34)C35)A36)B37)B38)B39)D
40)B
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