被动语态讲解

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聪慧的近义词-男女爱情故事

被动语态讲解
2023年3月19日发(作者:镜子的英文)

中学被动语态的讲解

被动语态讲解

知识点概述:

语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语的语态共有两种:主动语态(Activevoice)和被动语态(Passive

voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动

作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要

动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词

来表示被动意义。

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be+过去分词

构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形

式为:

1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时

例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.

2)has/havebeendone现在完成时

例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,and

we'rereadytostart.

3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时

例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.

4)was/weredone一般过去时

例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldreject

theoffer.

5)hadbeendone过去完成时

例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeen

completedinBeijing.

6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时

例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.

7)shall/willbedone一般将来时

例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactoryclos.

8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时

例Thenewswouldbenttothesoldier'smotherassoonas

itarrived.

9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)

例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。

例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.

2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结

构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为

主语的是间接宾语。

例Hismothergavehimaprentforhisbirthday.可改为He

wasgivenaprentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.

3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变

为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为The

boywascaughtsmokingacigarette.

4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词e,watch,notice,

hear,feel,obrve等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式

to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为A

strangerwantowalkintothebuilding.

5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词

+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能

分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.

3.非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。

例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.

二、如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知

道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省

by短语)。

例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.

2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccept

theoffer.

3.为了更好地安排句子。

例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwas

immediatelyrecognizedbypeople.(一个主语就够了)

三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,

report,say,suppo,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+

that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有:

Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelieved

that…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…

众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建

议。

例Itissaidthattheboyhaspasdthenationalexam.(=

Theboyissaidtohavepasdthenationalexam.)

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,

open,ll,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描

述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.

注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调

外界作用造成的影响。

试比较:Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)

Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有

锁”是人的原因)

2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,last,

takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,

giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来

的呢?

3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,

sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意

义。

例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable

五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1.在need,want,require,bear等词的后面,动名词用主动

形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例Thehouneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要

修理。

2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不

能跟动写春节的作文400字 词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-

bookisveryworthytoberead.)

3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系

时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被

动含义。

例Ihavea辞职信的格式 lotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things

是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)

试比较:I’avealettertobe

posted?(此处用不定式的被赵高是太监吗 动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的

执行者。)

4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句

子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主

动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,

difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout

省略了forme).

5.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主

动形式表示被动意义。

例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.

6.在therebe…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定

式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。

例Thereisnotimetolo(tobelost).(用tolo可看成

forustolo;用tobelost,谁losttime不明确。)

7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表

被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词r饺子的寓意 ent,blame,let等仍用不定式

的主动形式表示被动意义。

例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?

六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义

相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。

1.“under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:

undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治疗中),under

repair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在讨论中),under

construction(在施工中)。

例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).

2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。

常见的有:beyondbelief(令人难以置信),beyondone’sreach

(鞭长莫及),beyondone’scontrol(无法控制),beyondour

hope.我们的成功始料不及。

例Therumourisbeyondbelief(=can’tbebelieved).

3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、

高于……”。

例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallprai.=Hishonest

charactercannotbepraidenough.

4.“for+名词”结构,表示“适于……、为着……”。如:for

sale(出售),forrent(出租)等。

例Thathouisforsale.(=Thathouisto电路板设计 besold).

5.“in+名词”结构,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有:

inprint(在印刷中),insight(在视野范围内),等。

例Thebookisnotyetinprint.(=isnotyetprinted)

6.“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有:on

sale(出售),onshow(展出),ontrial(受审)。

例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuum(=are

beingshowed).

7.“outof+名词”结构;表示“超出……之外“,常见的有:

outofcontrol(控制不了),outofsight(超出视线之外),outof

one’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。

例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled).。

8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。

例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission

被动语态习题(小试牛刀)

nois____fromincreasing,people____shouttobe

heardevenatdinner.

A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;have

C.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto

thgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,

are____andperfectednow.

veloped

vebeendeveloped

3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I美好词语 'mtoldD.Itold

nemorestampbeforemycollection___.

ncompletedD.

iscompleted

rests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywil桑拿板吊顶效果图 l

disappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

ncut

suspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

ndesigned

edesigned

encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

____.

nbroken

hanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

entakenplace;havebeentup

kenplace;havebeentup

kenplace;havetup

kenplace;weretup

it__over60dollars.

10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

---What’stheprettysmallhouthat__for?

ding

11.---Doyoulikethematerial?

---Yes,it___verysoft.

fficultforaforeigner____Chine.

A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written

omoreletters____,thankyou.

A.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.typed

re!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

’’tbewashedout

’’twashingout

noticedthethiefslipintothehoubecauthe

lightshappenedto___.

putersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.

to

17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

---Oh,’sworth___acondtime.

ead

irrelwasluckythatitjustmisd___.

h

geneeded___again.

ecked

20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodothe

exercis

D.

Teaching

21)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.

A)designedB)hasbeendesigned

C)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned

22)tthefilm____bythetimewegettothe

cinema.

A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestarted

C)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted

23)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.

A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken

24)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.

A)isfoundB)hasbeenfound

C)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound

25)“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“

room____.”

A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispainted

C)paintsD)isbeingpainted

26)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.

A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdeveloped

C)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped

27)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.

A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployed

C)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed

28)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversi烩小吃 ties____since

1949.

A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablished

C)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished

29)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecau

we____ifweleaveithere.

A)wouldbefinedB)willbefined

C)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined

30)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreon

egoandeittogether?”

A)TheyhavebeengivenB)Ihavebeengiven

C)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome

31)Thesubjectofthelectures____bythelecture

committee.

A)isannouncedB)havebeenannounced

C)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced

32)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorof

David'sroom.

A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is

33)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.

A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloading

C)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded

34)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectufuladviceand

friendlyassistance.

A)overcomesB)isovercome

C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome

35)Mostenvironmentproblemxistbecauadequate

measuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.

A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)had

notbeen

36)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now

____sour.

A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling

37)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.

A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)has

beenwon

38)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowwhereshe

____now.

A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen

39)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.

A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobe

C)beenprovedD)provedbeing

40)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,

____photographicallyinMarch1930.

A)discoveredB)wasdiscovered

C)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered

41)Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.

A)ouratshadtobechangedB)ouratswere

changed

C)wehadtochangeouratsD)ouratswere

changedbyus

42)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceof

material.

A)createdB)hascreated

C)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated

43)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.

A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidto

C)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto

44)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,which

theybelievecanremedythecommoncold.

A)havetakenB)havebeentaken

C)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking

45)Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.

A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengiven

C)havinggivenD)tohavegiven

46)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithout

it____.

A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobe

known

47)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnext

month.

A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompleted

C)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting

48)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoan

Americanport.

A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbrought

C)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought

49)Hedoesnotposssabicycle,thisoneheus____to

Peter.

A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)is

belonging

50)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreat

eventwillbediscusdthen.

A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopening

C)isgoingtoopenD)opens

51)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.

A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplained

C)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained

52)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____in

boththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.

A)wereconductingB)wereconducted

C)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted

53)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimlf____bya

maninblack.

A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeen

tailed

54)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination

____atthismoment.

A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewed

C)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing

55)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereen

____thenewhou.

A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild

56)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.

A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekept

C)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup

57)Thecompositi交易头寸 on____anymore.

A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn'tneedtobe

corrected

C)doesn'tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect

58)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroad

daylightyesterday

A)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbed

C)robbedD)havingbeenrobbed

59)Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthe广场舞比赛 re.

A)willhavesoldB)willll

C)havesoldD)willhavebeensold

60)Hecleanedtheglasscarefullyforfearthatit____.

A)wasdamagedB)shouldbedamaged

C)damagedD)wouldbedamaged

被动语态习题

key1--5ACADC6--10BCBDA

11--15CBCAD16--20DCCDB

被动语态部分练习题答案:

1)C2)A3)A4)C5)D6)D7)C8)B9)B10)B11)D12)C13)D14)B

15)B16)C17)A18)A19)B20)B21)C22)D23)A24)C25)A26)C

27)A28)C29)C30)A31)B32)C33)A34)C35)A36)B37)B38)B39)D

40)B

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