chez

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《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案

Chapter1

thestandardmeaningfromthelistontherighttomatcheachoftheslang

wordsontheleft.

:loowoman

:fellow

:pistol

:great

n:coward

:fight

:police

:drunk

:woman

:girl

emodernequivalentsforthefollowingarchaicwords.

haply=perhaps

albeit=although

methinks=itemstome

eke=also

sooth=truth

morn=morning

troth=pledge

ere=before

quoth=said

hallowed=holy

billow=wave/thea

bade=bid

rizethefollowingborrowedwordsintodenizens,aliens,translationloans,

andmanticloans.

Denizens:kettle,die,wall,skirt,husband

Aliens:confrere,propatria,Wunderkind,mikado,parv莹词语 enu

Translationloans:chopstick,typhoon,blackhumour,longtimenoe

Semanticloans:dream

Chapter2

uldstudentsofEnglishlexicologystudytheIndo-相扑运动员 EuropeanLanguage

Family?

TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamilies

deupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.

EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-Europeanhavemore

dgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguage

FamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetteranduthemmoreappropriately.

reediagramtoshowthefamilyrelationsofthemodernlanguagesgiven

below.

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Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily

Balto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanic

RoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglish

LithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedish

PrussianIrishItalianGerman

PolishPortugueNorweigian

SlavenianIcelandic

RussianDanish

BulgarianDutch

atextchonfromtheDeclarationofIndepe对学校的意见 ndence.

“Wheninthecourofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopleto

dissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassume

amongthepowersoftheearthparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnature

andofnature’sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequires

thattheyshoulddeclarethecauswhichimpelthemtotheparation.”

PickoutallthewordsofGreekorLatinoriginfromthetextandeofwhatoriginare

sightdoesthixercigiveyouwithreferencetotheborrowings

fromGreekandLatin?

“Wheninthecourofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopleto

dissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassume

amongthepowersoftheearthparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnature

andofnature’sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequires

thattheyshoulddeclarethecauswhichimpelthemtotheparation.”

eleftaremostly

owsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartinthe

Englishvocabulary.

edifferentelementsthatmakeupthefollowinghybrids.

eventful[Latin+English]

falhood[Latin+English]

saxophone[German+Greek]

josshou[Portugue+English]

hydroplane[Greek+Latin]

pacifist[Latin+Greek]

heirloom[French+English]

television[Greek+Latin]

followingFrenchloanwordsintotwogroups,onebeingearlyborrowingsand

theotherlateones.

amateur(late)

finac(late)

empire(early)

peace(E)

courage(E)

garage(L)

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judgement(E)

chair(E)

chai(L)

grace(E)

rvant(E)

routine(L)

jealous(E)

savat(L)

genre(L)

gender(E)

dbut(L)

morale(L)

state(E)

chez(L)

ballet(L)

heItalianmusicaltermswiththeproperdefinitons.

allegro,tempo轻快

andante,ratetempo行板

diminuendo,singinvolume渐弱

largo,wstatelymanner缓慢

pianoforte,dloud轻转强

alto,singingboiceforwoman女低音

crescendo,singinvolume渐强

forte,强

piano,轻

soprano,tsingingvoiceforwomen女高音

thewordsinadictionarytodeterminethelanguagefromwhicheachhas

beenborrowed.

cherub(Hebrew)

coolie(Hindi)

lasso(Sp)

shampoo(Indian)

tepee(AmInd)

kibitz(G)

chipmunk(AmInd)

cotton(Arab)

loot(Hindi)

snorkel(G)

tulip(Turk)

wok(Ch)

chocolate(Mex)

jubilee(Gr)

Sabbath(Heb)

tamale(Mex)

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voodoo(Afr)

sauerbraten(G)

awordtofillineach

space.

dilemuchremblesan_____inappearance.

b.“Togiveupayoungladylikethat,”saidAndy.“Amanwouldhavetobeplumb

_____.

asabigincreathissummerinthenumberofcompetitorsincalfroping

attheannual_____heldinThreeForks.

keranchwehavedevelopedhasdonewellsofar,butitpromisnextyear

tobeareal_____,enoughtomakeusallrich.

kimosbuildawintershelterfromsnowcalledan_____.

mansperfectedatypeofmotorizedattackintheSecondWorldWarthat

theycalleda_____.

onquinIndianineasternandcentralNorthAmericalivedinadomed

sheltertheycalleda_____.

usin1493udaCaribIndianword_____todescribethesmallboatsthe

nativeud.

estIndiesthelocalnamefroaviolenttropicalcycloneisa_____.

tralianaboriginesuathrowingstickthattheycall我和朋友的故事 a_____.

k.“Looklikerain,boy,”sangoutLuke.“Bettergetoutyour_____.”

.

hurricane

s

Chapter3

hetermintheblanksaccodingtothedefinitions.

almeaningfulunitofalanguage()

hevariantsthatrealizeamorpheme()

emethatoccurswithatleastoneothermorpheme()

emethatcanstandalone()

emeattachedtoaba,stemorroot()

xthatindicatesgrammaticalrelationships()

xthatformsnewwordswithaba,stemorroot()

tainsofawordaftertheremovalofallaffies()

rtofawordthatcantakeinflectionalaffixes()

owhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded()

.

dualistic

individualist+ic[stem,ba]

individual+ist[stem,ba]

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individu+al[stem,ba]

in+dividu[root,stem,ba]

undesirables

un+desirable[stem,ba]

desir+able[root,stem,ba]

zethefollowingtermsinatreediagramtoshowtheirlogicalrelationships.

affixmorpheme

derivationalaffixfreeroot

boundrootinflectionalaffix

prefixfreemorpheme

boundmorphemesuffix

morpheme–freemorpheme=freeroot

--boundmorpheme–boundroot

--affix–inflectionalaffix

--derivationalaffix–prefix

--suffix

Chapter4

Affixation

gativeswitheachofthe手套英语怎么说 followingwordsbyusingoneoftheprefixesdis-,

il-,im-,in-,ir-,non-,un-.

non-smokerdisobeyimmatureunwillingnessillogicalnon-athleticincapableincurity

inability/disabilityillegaldisloyalunofficiallydisagreementinconvenientimpractical

irrelevant

efollowingnounsandadjectivesintoverbswith–en,-ify,-izeandthen

choothemtofillintheblanksinthentencesthatfollow.

hardenmemorizedeepenlengthenfattenhorrifyfalsifyglorifyintensifysympathize

modernizeapologizesterilizebeautify

yg.

ize

tethe

ntencebyusingthiswordtoformanountorefertoaperson.

reemployedbyacompany,youareoneofits_____.

b.A_____issomeonewhojobispolitics.

_____inadiscussionarethepeoplewhoparticipateinit.

whoworksasa_____doesthesamejobasawaiter.

sonwhoconductsanorchestraorchoiriscalledthe_____.

_____isthepersonwhoteachesyou.

g.A_____issomeonewhoearnstheirlivingbyplayingthepiano.

oneexamninesyou,youarethe_____andheorsheisthe_____.

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th.

examinee/examiner

olumeAwithColumeBandgivetwoexamplesforeach.

trans-=across:transcontinental,trans-world

trans-worldmono-=one:monorail,monoculture

super-=over,above:superstructure,supernatural

auto-=lf:autobiography,automobile

sub-=bad,badly:malpractice,malnutrition

mini-=little,small:minicrisis,miniwar

pre-=before:prehistorical,preelection

ex-=former:ex-teacher,ex-filmer

Compounding

ethefollowingcompoundwordsandexplaintheirinternalgrammatical

relationship.

heartbeat[S+V]

movie-goer[place+V]

far-reaching[V+Adv]

lion-hearted[adv+a]

boyfriend[S+complement]

snapdecision[V+O]

on-coming[V+adv]

brainwashing[V+O]

bakingpowder[V+adv]

dog-tired[adv+a]

love-sick[adv+a]

peace-loving[V+O]

easychair[a+n]

tax-free[adv+a]

light-blue[a+a]

goings-on[V+adv]

mpoundsusingthefollowingeitherasthefirstorthecondelementofthe

compoundasindicatedandtranslatethewordsintoChine.

well-bred/well-behaved,needlework/homework,bar-woman/sportswoman,

clear-minded/strong-minded,lf-control/lf-respect,water-proof/fire-proof,

news-film/news-letter,sister-in-law/father-in-law,half-way/half-done,

age-conscious/status-conscious,culture-bound/homebound,praiworthy/

respectworthy,nation-wide/college-wide,military-style/newstyle,budget-related/

politics-related,once-fashionable/once-powerful,mock-attack/mock-sadness,

home-baked/home-produced,ever-lasting/ever-green,campus-bad/

market-bad

Conversion

tthewordswhichyouthinkareconvertedinthefollowingntencesandtell

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howtheyareconverted.

’tstomachsuchaninsult.

Achesonroomedrightnexttome.

eddownhislunch

snocomeandgowithher.

e.I’moneofhisfamiliars.

nocents!

ttedherlastnote.

ineersahedandouchedatthenewmachines.

thefireandhaveawarm.

Jacksonahas-beenoramight-have-been?

etedatthechanceandthenheregrettedforit.

hoeswereanexcellentbuy.

edhisheadandsmoothedbackthehairoveronetemple.

h[n→v][n→v][n→v]/go[v→n]ar

[a→n]

nt[a→n][a→n]/ouch[int→v][a→n]

-been/might-have-been[finitev→n][propern→v][v→n]

[a→v]

Blending

AnalytheblendsandtranslatethemintoChine.

motel(motor+hotel)汽车旅馆

humint(human+intelligence)谍报

advertitics(advertiment+statistics)广告统计学

psywarrior(psychologicalwarrior)心理战专家

hoverport(hovercraft+port)气垫船码头

chunnel(channel+tunnel)海峡隧道

hi-fi(high+fidelity)高保真录音设备

cinemactress(cinema+actress)电影女演员

Clipping

Restorethefullformsofthefollowingwordsandehowtheclippedwordsare

formed.

copter(helicopter)

ab(laboratory)

gas(gasoline)

scope(telescope)

sarge(rgeant)

ad(advertiment)

dorm(dormitory)

prefab(prefabricatedhou)

prof(professor)

champ(champion)

mike(microphone)

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tec(detective)

Acronymy

theshortformsstandfor?

kg=kilogram

cm=centimeter

ibid=ibidem

ft=foot

$=dollar

etc.=etcetera

cf=confer

VIP=veryimportantperson

OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries

TOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage

awordfromthelisttofillineachoftheblanks.

asawidecoverageofthe_____talksinthepress.

reenemyaircraftonthe_____screen.

c._____isstillanincurabledia.

nows_____language,onewillfinditeasytolearnhowtoucomputers.

e._____haslongbeenappliedtosurgeryinmedicine.

f._____isaninternationalagencyoftheUnitedNationswhichisconcernedwith

improvinghealthstandardsandrvicesthroughouttheworld.

e_____listensfornoimanatingfromasubmarine.

sonwhoworksfortheFederalBureauofInvestigationiscalleda_____.

.G-man

Backformation

eoriginalwordsfromwhichthefollowingwordsareback-formed.

la(lar)

escalate(escalator)

babysit(babysitter)

peeve(peevish)

orate(orator)

commute(commuter)

CommonizationofProperNames

Studythefollowingntencesandpickoutthewordswhichudtobepropernames

andexplainthemeaningsinrelationtotheirorigins.

ize—Tantalus

-eyed—Argus

sism—Narcissus

ge—sabots

et—Martinet

—Yahoo

k—Shylock

ing—Hoover

9

—Utopia

ommism—UncleTom

Chapter5

hewordsinColumeAwiththoinColumeB.

AB

apes—b

cattle—m

doves—c

gee—k

wolves—g

pigs—l

turkeys—d

birds—a

cricket—n

foxes—j

sheep—f

monkeys—e

hyenas—h

swans—i

tistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusfornuclearpowermight

haveallthepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“benefit,energy”,etc.

eresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheendof

WorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“suffering,

killing,death,horror",etc.

dentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith“mystery,

science,knowledge”,etc.

ive:implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlength(neutral)

articulate:expressingonelfeasilyandclearly(positive)

gossip:indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers(negative)

rambling:talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas(negative)

fluent:speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressively(positive)

mouthy:overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway(negative)

eciativeNeutralPejorative

1particularfastidious/fussy

2criticalfault-finding/picky

3st分时操作系统 yle/voguefad

4artfulcunning/sly

5unstablefickle/capricious

6developingunderdeveloped/

backward

7encourage/promoteinstigate

8groupclique/gang

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[–HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]

cow[–HUMAN–MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]

calf[–HUMAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINE]

rooster[–HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]

hen[–HUMAN–MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]

chicken[–HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]

–HUMAN

bullcowcalf+BOVINE

roosterhenchicken+GALLINE

+MALE–MALE+ADULT

Chapter6

Polymy

board

apieceoftimber

table

diningtablecounciltable

foodrvedatthetable;councilors;committee;

mealsuppliedbytheweekormonthdirectorsofacompany

Homonymy

4.1)Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“have

enoughmoneyforone’sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusthepairofhomonyms

saproperanswertothelady’squestion.(1)

Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat(makewholesausageswithallmeat)becau

theycannotmakebothendsmeet(Iftheymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismore

costly,theywouldnotearnenoughmoneytosurvive.)(2)Don’

theonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.

2)neswallowwee,wecannot

acoldwinterday,ifonehasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.

3)Armshastwomeanings:weapons;“acannonball

tookoffhislegs”,thesoldierwasnotabletofighton,sohe“laiddownhisarms”,which

means“surrender”.Itcanalsomeanhelaiddownhisupperlimbs.

Synonymy

ious:greedy

courteously:politely

emancipate:tfree

customary:usual

width:breadth

adversary:opponent

gullible:deceived

remainder:residue

innocent:sinless

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obstacle:obstruction

vexation:annoyance

fiable

tes

te

ndings

cial

ge

re

lishment

sive

ate

espin

turnwhirlroll

-gee

ive

ent

ed,children

,kids

ed

d

ies

d

d

Antonymy

r/same

/smart

/lfish

icant/nsible

cal/suspicious

od/slovenly/sloppy

ness/sleep/slumber

12

tive

/scowl

-fashioned

tely

re

l

ial

rity

nt

y

ed

ul

tory

d

e习俗是什么 rent

—starve,cold-fever

—follies

—leisure

—pound,wi—foolish

—silence

e—prence

sh—prai

—old

n—fool蓝色的水果有哪些 ssaint—devil

—body

—fair

—curity

rate--prompt

en—parents

—coward

—tail

—wrong

dry—sweet

strong—faint

light—dark

high—low/deep

private—public

single—return

hard—easy

rough—calm

cold—warm

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Hyponymy

ure:desk,chair,table,bed

matter:liquid,gas,solid

meat:pork,beef,mutton

go:run,fly,walk

sionworkplace

surgeon:clinic,hospital

plumber:hou,building

lawyer:office,lawcourts

mechanic:garage

photographer:studio

foreman:worksite,factory

M

r沾可以组什么词语 ug,sleepers,carpet,bedwardrobdressingtable

mattressdressinggownmirror

pillowspyjamascomb

sheetsclotheshairbrush

blanket

ence1,got,furniture,recentlyaresuperordinatesbecautheyaregeneral

andconveyaveryvagueideawhereasinSentence2,thethreewordsarereplaced

respectivelybybought,cupboard,threedaysago,whicharesubordinates,conveyinga

ence2isbetterthanSentence1.

In3,itissaid,magnificentbuilding,destroyed,yesterdayaresuperordinateterms,

whicharecomparativelymuchmoregeneralthanthenewssays,RoyalHotel,burnt

down,lastnightrespectivelyin4,4is

clearerthan3inmeaning,itisbetter.

Semanticfield

ference

lies:In1thewordsaresynonyms,noneofthemcoversthemeaningofanother,and

2thewordsarenotsynonyms,buteach

sacovertermorsuperordinate,andothersare

ermshavenodifferenceinstyleoraffectivemeaning.

Chapter7

4.1)extension

2)extension

3)narrowing

4)degradation

5)elevation

6)narrowing

7)extension

8)extension

9)narrowing

10)elevation

14

11)narrowing

12)degradation

13)degradation

14)degradation

atedtransfer

cttoconcrete

cttoconcrete

s

tracttoconcrete

cttoconcrete

ctofconcrete

atedtransfer

atedtransfer

hesia

hesia

ive

tive,objective

ive

tive

tive

tive

tive

tive,objective

ard

疯简单卡通图片 人院

ple

man

pupil

ople

son

oyedmother