PET英文书信

英文书信分为私人信函和业务信函（公函）两大类。私人信函指个人与个人之间的来往书信；

业务信函为谈论或处理公务的信函。

1.英文书信的基本格式：

英文信一般由六部分组成：信头(Heading），信内地址(Inside Address)，称呼(Salutation)，

正文(Letter Body)，结束用语(Complimentary Clo)，签名(Signature)。

信头：指写信人的地址和写信日期。一般写在信的右上角。先写地址，后写日期。日期写法

用“月日年”或“日月年”都可以，最好用基数词表示。

信内地址：指收信人的姓名和地址。在称呼上方顶格写起, 低于信头。先写收信人姓名、头

衔和单位，再写收信人地址。(信内地址只用于商务书信)

称呼:对收信人的称呼。写在信内地址下，从左顶格写起。常以Dear…开头,接逗号。

正文：指信的内容。这是信函最主要的部分，基本要求是正确、简洁、明了、礼貌。

结束用语：又称谦恭语等，是写信人对收信人的一种谦称。一般写在信的右下方，单独成行，

开头字母大写，末尾用逗号。所用的表达法略有不同，如：

在不相识的人之间用：Yours (very) truly / Yours faithfully / Yours respectfully等；

在一般熟人之间用：Yours faithfully / Yours devotedly / Yours

/ Yours sincerely

cordially等；

在亲戚或密友之间用：Yours / Yours ever / Lovingly / With love / Yours affectionately / Your

sincere (true, devoted) friend / Your loving…等；

对上级或长辈用：Yours (very) obediently / Yours (very) respectfully / Yours gratefully / Yours

appreciatively等.（注：Yours也可以后置。）

(私人信函中常用With my best wishes / With best regards / All my love等词语与结束语连用。)

签名：指写信人的亲笔签名。写在结束语之下。

有的信函有附言(Postscript)和附件(Enclosure)。附言在信尾用P.S.表示。附件用Encl.或Enc.

表示。(附件不止一项时就用Encs表示)

英文信函常见的书写格式是缩进式(Indented style)和齐头式(Block style)。缩进式写法是段首

缩进约四五个英文字母，段与段之间不空行。这是正规的传统写法，使用较广泛。齐头式写

法每行都从左边顶格写起，段与段之间空一行。此格式是简化的现代格式，高效省时，多为

商务信函所采用。

2.私人信函 (Personal / Private letter)

私人信函属非正式信函。一般由信头、称呼、正文、结束用语和签名五个部分组成。常见的

私人信函有：邀请信(Letter of Invitation)、祝贺信(Letter of Congratulation)、感谢信(Letter of

Thanks)、道歉信(Letter of Apology)、慰问信(Letter of Condolence)等。

我们来了解一下邀请函的写法：

邀请函可以是私人信函，也可以是事务信函，分正式(请柬)和非正式(一般邀请函)两种。写

一般邀请函要注意：①叙事要清楚，要把活动的场合、时间、地点、内容等交代详细；②被

邀请者无论接受与否都应及时回信；③回函中要复述邀请信提到的时间、地点和人物。

常用句型：

I’ll be expecting you on….

I have pleasure in accepting your invitation to….

I regret that I have another

I am sorry that I shall not be able to join you becau….

We would like to invite you to…

It would be our pleasure to have you prent at…

We should be more than plead if you can join us…

Plea confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time of arrival, so we can

arrange for you to be met.

I do hope you can make it.

If you can’t make it, plea also let me know.

例:(邀请函)

Dear Miss Brown,

My cousin Jack will be staying with us for a few days during the Christmas holiday and I have

planned a family dinner for him next Friday evening at six thirty so that he can meet some of our

friends. We should be delighted if you could join us. I hope you will let me know that you can

come.

Yours sincerely,

Tom Henry

复函1:(接受邀请）

Dear Mr. Henry,

Thank you for your kind invitation to the dinner with you and Mrs. Henry which are giving next

Friday for your cousin at six I shall be very happy indeed to come, and look forward

with pleasure to meeting your cousin.

Sincerely yours,

(Signature)

复函2:(拒绝邀请）

Dear Mr. Henry,

I am so sorry that I cannot go to the dinner with you and Mrs. Henry which are giving next Friday

for your cousin at six Unfortunately, I have already made an engagement for that

evening. I do appreciate your kind invitation and hope we shall have the opportunity to say yes at

some future time.

Very sincerely,

(Signature)

私人信函的常用句型：

We wish you

Allow me to convey my congratulations.

Plea accept our heartiest congratulations.

Convey my warm congratulations.

Send you our very best wishes for the future.

Many thanks for ….

It was good of you…

We really appreciate…

We are grateful for…

Plea accept my sincere appreciation for….

I’m so sorry that…

We must apologize for….

We are extremely sorry for…

Plea accept our apologies once again.

We hope that this has not caud you any inconvenience.

It is with great sorrow that I hear of ….

We are greatly shocked to learn that….

I should like to know you getting on now.

We do hope that you are doing well after…

私人信函常用客套语:

Your kind letter which I received has given me great comfort.

Not having heard of you for long, I feel anxious.

Thank you very much for your letter dated….

Wish you the best of health and success.

Kindly favor me with an early reply.

Hoping for a favorable answer.

Give my best wishes to…

Plea remember me to…

3．业务信函（公函）(Official Correspondence)

业务信函中有处理一般公务的事务类信函及涉及贸易往来关系的商务类信函。

事务信函所涉及的内容有求职、推荐、申请、介绍、邀请、咨询、招聘等等。事务信函写作

的基本要求：①格式包括六个部分，即信头、信内地址、称呼、正文，结束用语和签名；②

正文开门见山，内容简明扼要，条理清楚完整；③信件用词比较正式。

下面是两种常见事务信函：

（1)申请信(Letter of Application):

申请信包括求职申请(Application for a Job)、入学申请(Application for Admission)、奖学金申

请(Application for Scholarship)、签证申请(Visa Application)等。各种申请信的侧重点不同，

但遵循的原则是一致的，目的是用简短的篇幅将自己推介出去，以达到预想的目标。

写申请信要注意以下几点： ①用词要正式；②有“信内地址”；③内容简要，条理清楚；④

正文介绍自己的基本情况、说明申请内容及原因等；⑤有时要附学历证件、推荐信等，便于

对方了解后做决定。

最常见的申请函是求职信，其内容包括：①说明应聘职位，交代所得信息的来源；②介绍自

身情况；求职信不同于简历，不可面面俱到，要有针对性地阐述自己的能力与特长；③请求

面试机会并表示感谢。

常用句型：

I learned from the newspaper that…

I have en your advertiment in today’s newspaper and…

I hope you will consider my application. Meanwhile, plea do not hesitate to contact me.

I am writing to inquire opportunities for…

I hope to be lucky enough to enter…

I should like to apply for the scholarship that…

I am writing to ask whether you could…

I work hard and I can get along well with others.

I would welcome the opportunity for a personal interview with you at your convenience.

I hope that you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably.

例：(求职申请)

Dec.6, 2009

Dear Mr. Manager,

In reply to your advertiment in today’s Changsha Daily, I am applying for the position of

cretary. I am twenty of age, female and will graduate from Xiangnan International Studies

University in July. I have been studying English for the past four years. I majored in Secretarial

and Public Relations English (公关英语) among my cours. I would very much like the

opportunity to work in your company and convert my knowledge to practical u (学以致用).

Enclod is my resume. I would be grateful if you would grant(准许) me an interview.

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Lu Ting

（2）推荐信(Letter of Recommendation)：

推荐信经常用作求职的附加材料。推荐信内容包括说明推荐人与被推荐人关系，对被推荐人

的认识和了解以及介绍被推荐人的能力等。

写推荐信必须客观、公正。推荐人所说的情况必须与被推荐人的材料相符。推荐信写给有关

单位或个人时，称呼语可用 “To whom it may concern ”。

常用句型与结构：

It’s my pleasure to recommend….

I take pleasure in introducing to you…

Achieve excellent results in study and have a good command of English.

Have a pleasant personality.

Be qualified for the job/be competent for the job/be fit for the job.

Having good and extensive social connections.

Being highly organized and efficient.

Young, bright, energetic with strong career ambition.

Work well with different colleagues.

Excellent ability of commercial management.

例：

Wuhan YQ Company

108Yanhu Road, Wuhan

Hubei

October 24, 2009

Dear Sir or Madam,

It’s my pleasure to recommend Mr. Xiao Wei for a position in your esteemed company.. Mr. Xiao,

a man of intelligence and efficiency, has worked as a nior executive in our company for over

three years and won public prai among his colleagues.

Many overas companies have been established in Wuhan the years. Mr. Xiao hope to work in

one of the companies for a better prospect.

I am sorry to lo him but, for his own good, I highly recommend him to you.

Yours sincerely,

Peng Hao

Manager

商务信函(Business Letter)涵盖很广，因业务内容不同可分为建立业务关系、询价报价、涨价

通知、催款、订货、投诉索赔等。信函的格式比较正式，一般包括信头、信内地址、称呼、

正文、结束敬语和签名六个部分。

商务信函的特点是（“7C原则”）：Clarity/清楚：避免使用含歧义的字句；Conciness/简洁：

避免使用冗长的句子；Courtesy/礼貌：语气恰当，态度诚恳；Completeness/完整：包含所有

需要表达的信息；Concreteness/具体：传达的信息要具体、鲜明；Correctness/准确：避免拼

写、语法和标点符号等错误；Consideration/体谅：多考虑收件人的要求，同时要强调积极的

方面。

商务信函的写法及要求:①书写常用齐头式和缩进式；②表达力求简洁、礼貌；③套用礼貌

用语；④正文内容要完整，条理须清晰；⑤信函中一般不使用缩写,如:I’m, We’ll等；⑥结束

敬语常用:Truly yours (Yours truly), Faithfully yours (Yours faithfully), Sincerely yours (Yours

sincerely), Cordially yours (Yours cordially)等。

写作中容易出错的地方：①要求写日期时，漏写或写法不对；②署名后不须加任何标点符号，

许多考生习惯加句号；③结束语与签名写在同一行；④Yours写成Your；⑤结束语后面不加

逗号。

我们来看看下面几种商务信函的写法：

（1）询价信与报价信 (Letter of Inquiry & Offer)

询价信是指贸易双方的一方对另一方的商品或服务感兴趣，希望能与其达成贸易关系的信函。

询价信与报价信的写作特点：①语气较诚恳、客气，常套用礼貌用语；②专业术语出现较多，

如：售后服务(after-sale rvice)、折扣(discount)、价目单(price list)等。

常用句型：

We would appreciate it if you let us know…

Plea let us know the prices including…

Could you nd us some information, such as…

We should also like to know…

We are interested in… and should be glad to have details of….

Plea quote us your lowest/best price…and tell us the earliest possible date of

I am glad to hear that you are interested in our…

Thank you for your inquiry of…, we are plead to offer them as follows:

As requested, we are nding you our…

To enable you to have better understanding of…, we are nding you….

Enclod is the catalogue and price list.

Under parate cover, we are nding you….

例1：（询价信）

January25, 2007

Dear Mr. Guan Li,

From your advertiments we know that you are making transformers (变压器) in a variety of

types. We are interested in your products. Would you plea nd us the details of your products?

If possible, plea nd us some pictures of the products.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Louis Smith

例2：（报价信）

February14, 2007

Dear Mr. Louis Smith,

It’s our pleasure to submit(提交) the attached quotation for your review and consideration. Here

enclod are some pictures of our latest types of transformers. This quotation package consists of

the following:

Section 1---- Price list for transformers

Section 2---- Types of transformers

Section 3---- Technical specification(说明书)

In the price list you can e we are giving you the lowest prices and offer our best goods. We also

think it better to offer you a 5% discount on purchas(购买) of more than 10 units.

Plea advi if you have additional questions.

Yours sincerely,

Guan Li

(2)建立业务关系信 (Letter of Establishing Trade Relations)

请求建立业务关系是公司为了开拓市场，通过商会、交易会、互联网等形式主动向自身产品

的潜在购买方发出邀请，希望对方能予以合作的一种商业信函。

建立业务关系信函的特点与询价函一样，都要突出诚意。务必阐明自己的情况和目的以及所

感兴趣的货物。但先要告知对方自己获知对方情况的信息来源，以争取对方信任，达到建立

联系的目的。

常用句型：

We have obtained your name and address from…

We are writing to inquire whether you would be willing to establish trade relations with us.

We are interested in extending our range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.

We would expect to place orders on you if your prices are competitive.

In compliance with request, we are nding you…under parate cover …

We are willing to establish business relations with your company.

例１：

May 9, 2009

Dear Mr. Foster,

We have obtained your name and address from Dol.& Co. Ltd, and we are writing to enquire

whether you would be willing to establish trade relations with us.

We have been importers of suitcas for some years. At prent, we are planning to extend our

range and would appreciate your catalogues and quotations.

If your prices are competitive, we would expect to place orders on you

We look forward to your early reply.

Yours truly,

John Reed

Chief Buyer

（采购部主）

例2：（回复）

May 21, 2009

Dear Mr. Reed,

Thank you for your letter of the 9 of this month. We shall be glad to enter into business relations

th

with your company.

In compliance with request, we are nding you, under parate cover, our latest catalogue and

price list covering our export range.

Should you wish to place an order, plea email or fax us.

Yours faithfully,

Bill Mor

Chief ller

(销售部主任)

(3)投诉索赔信(Letter of Complaint & Claim)

投诉信和索赔信是在向提供服务或货物的一方进行投诉或要求赔偿的信件。写此类信件的关

键是要把理由说清楚，语气不宜太生硬。

投诉信一般包括三部分：投诉内容、投诉原因以及希望得到的结果。

常用句型：

I am writing to you to complain about…

I am writing to inform to that I am dissatisfied with…

I would like to have this matter ttled by the end of…

I request immediate replacement of…

I look forward to a day when…

例：

Dear Manager,

Much to my regret, I write this to place a complaint against your bad delivery rvice in your

company.

The Jinye tape recorder model number BK/2-70 which I ordered from your company on March14

arrived yesterday. I am sorry to report that the recorder has been badly damaged. There was no

unusual damage to the packing ca, but when I opened it, I found that the front surface of the

machine had been scratched(刮).

Would you plea let me know whether I should return the recorder to you for a replacement or if

you have an authorized (授权) rvice reprentative (代理人) here? I will hold this recorder until

I hear from you.

Sincerely yours,

Tom White

索赔信的内容有两部分：①说明货物受损情况；②提出索赔要求。信函格式与一般商务信函

基本相同，有些索赔信正文开头有一个“索赔内容”（Re:), 以标题形式说明索赔内容。

常用句型：

You are kindly requested to check…

Your prompt attention is appreciated.

We trust that you will be kind enough to accept this claim and…

We should appreciate it if you would give your prompt attention to this matter.

Plea acknowledge receipt of this letter and ttle the claim as soon as possible.

We suggest that the loss be divided between both of us, to which we hope you will agree.

例：

May 27, 2009

Dear…,

Re: Claim on Table Clothes

Your shipment (交运的货物) of table clothes arrived today. We have found two cartons of clothes

are completely wet. Becau of this, the items were damaged and cannot be sold. We are returning

the two cartons today, and request immediate replacement (更换) of the damaged goods.

Sincerely,

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