形容词与副词的用法

形容词和副词的用法

一、形容词

一、形容词可分为两大类：描画形容词和限定形容词。描画形容词是描述人或物的颜色、

尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关

系等。除the和tho外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。

描绘形容词 限 定 形 容 词

Beautiful, large, red, 基数词 (one,two) 序数词 (first,cond)

interesting, colourful 物主代词 (my,your) 指示代词 (this,that,the)

important 数量词 (few,many) 冠 词 (a, an, the)

二、形容词的位置

修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般

如下：

形容词型代词→ 数量词→ 描 绘 形 容词

尺新

a

ll the,a(n) o

bthis,that ne

oth

first

golarcoreChines

od ge ld d e

Your,some

scotFismhoblEnglisston

,

uch nd wo ne all t ue h e

many

性 寸 旧 颜 材

质 形温色 料

状 度

iron

国 籍

Example: that strong young Chine swimmer

注意：形容词前有as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词以后。

She is too kind a girl to refu.

在下列情形下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后：

（1）名词以后的数量词＋名词＋old, long, wide等。

a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long

（2）为了增强语气或音调美，将描画形容词置于名词以后。

He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.

（3）something, anything,everyone, anybody…＋形容词。

There′s nothing wrong with the electric cooker.

（4）作定语用的分词或形容词短语

The judge has talked to all the people involved.

3、“数词＋名词”组成的形容词

（1）数词＋名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。

（2）数词＋名词＋形容词，如 a ven-year-old boy等。

（3）名词（无冠词）＋基数词=the＋序数词＋名词，如

Unite 6=the Sixth Unite

（4）“数量词＋复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一

个单位来表示。若是强调个别数，则须用复数动词。

Ten years is quite a long time to him.

Two months have pasd since I last heard from my parents.

二、副词

一、副词的组成如下：

（1）本身就是副词，如very, now, there, quite等.

（2）有形容词后缀如-ly, 如happily, carefully等。

（3）有些副词与形容词同行，如early, high, long, fast, hard等。

注意：有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如manly, friendly, queenly等。

二、副词的位置

（1）修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如

The scenery around here is very beautiful.

（2）always, never, often, sometimes, ususlly等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be动词后，

有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。

He usually gets up early, but he got up late today.

I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him.

（3）有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地址（小地址＋大地址）→状

态→次数→时刻（单位小的时刻＋单位大的时刻）。

They arrived in Paris safely the other day.

(4)ldom, rarely, never等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be动词须放

在主语的前面（也叫倒装句），如

Never did I hear such a funny story=I never heard such a funny story.

3、几个特殊副词的用法

（1）enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词以后；too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之

前.

She speaks English well enough to be an interpreter.

Its too hot a day to work.

,

但enough修饰名词时须置于名词之前.

Have you got enough money for this microwave oven?

（2）too…(for…)＋不定式（to），作“太…而不能”解；enough＋不定式，意思是“足

够能够”，这一结构可转换成so…that结构。

The boy was still too young to go to school.

→He was so young that he could not go to school.

The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce.

→He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce.

(3)already用于肯定句，作“已经”解；yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已

经”解，still作“仍然”解。

I have already en film.

Have you en the film yet?

I still prefer tea to coffee.

（4）随着only和also在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。

Only Mr Li came to e me today.

Mr Li came to e only me today.

Mr Li came to e me only today.

三、形容词的比较品级

形容词比较品级的规则转变如下表：

构 成 法 原 级 比较级 最高级

1、单音节词末尾加-er和-est 伟大的 great greater greatest

brave 勇敢的 braver bravest

2、单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-st

fine 好的 finer finest

3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先big 大的 bigger biggest

双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est hot 熟的 hotter hottest

4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结构的双音节词，末尾加-er，happy 快乐的 happier happiest

和-est（以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则y变为i，clever 聪明的 cleverer cleverest

再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st） narrow 狭窄的 narrower narrowest

able 能 alber ablest

5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和

difficult 困难的 more difficult most difficult

most.

四、形容词比较品级部份不规则转变表

原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级

good

better best

well

bad

wor worst

ill

many

more most

much

little

less least

few

farther farthest

far

further furthest

old older oldest

elder eldest

latter last

late

later latest

五、形容词、副词比较品级的大体用法

形容词与副词都有三个比较品级。

1）原级常常利用于“as＋原级＋as”结构

He likes her as much as he likes his sister.

否定的原级用not as…as或not so …as,二者一般无甚区别。

He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.

2）比较级常常利用于“比较级＋than” 结构.

He is taller than me.

否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)…as…结构，也可用less…than结构.

This word is less frequent in British English than in American English.

3）两个人或物比较时，定冠词the＋比较级表示最高级。

He is the taller of the two.

4)最高级常常利用于“the＋最高级＋比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。

He is the best picture in the hall.

5)含有否定词的比较级，如

(1)no less than=as much(or many)as “不亚于”

not less than=at least “至少”

(2)no less… than =as…as “和……一样”

not less＋原级＋than “至少不亚于”

(3)no more…than=not…any more than “和……一样不……”

not more…than=not so…as “不像……那样……”

(4)no more than=only “只不过”，言其少

not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少”

6）表示“几倍于”用twice（两倍），three times（三倍）＋as…as,

This book costs twice as much as the other one.

7)the＋比较级……,the＋比较级, 意思是“越……就越”，如：

The harder you work , the more you will learn.

8)比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰，如as…as前可用almost,nearly,just(about),quite等

词语修饰，如，

John is almost as tall as his father.

9)在more than结构之前可用far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等

词语修饰，如：

He speaks English a lot more rapidly than he does French.

10）比较级＋and＋比较级，作“越来……越”解，如：

The days are getting longer and longer.

形容词、副词专项练习题

( )1 Nowadays science fiction isn’t as ____________ as cartoons among teenagers.

popular popular most popular

( ) 2. We are glad to e that Shanghai is developing ________ the years than ever before.

A. quickly quickly quickly most quickly

( )3. The chee cake tasted so ______ that the kids asked for more.

( )4．—Why didn’t you enjoy the talk?

—It was ________talk that I had ever listened to．

A．the most interesting B．the least interesting

C．more interesting D．1ess interesting

（ ）5. Guo Yue did quite _______ at the World Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛) ，but

Zhang Yining did even _____.

A. better; well B. well; well

C. well; better D. better; better

（ ）6. — Who picture is better, Jack’s or Tom’s?

— Both of them are good. I think Jack draws Tom.

A. as good as B. as well as

C. better than D. wor than

（ ）7. It gets very here in summer.

（ ）8. Be ________, and you will do well in the English exam.

（ ）9. Lin Tao is good at all the subjects at school, _________English.

（ ）10. —The coat is too expensive. —Look, here's another one. It's___ ______and nicer.

A. dearer B. cheaper C. older D. longer

（ ） population of Tianjin is __________ than that of Shanghai.

A larger B less C smaller D fewer

（ ）’s raining _________. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing .

A badly B hardly C heavily D strongly

（ ） 13. Kate is as _________as Maria.

A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest

（ ）14. She looks very________. I think she needs to have a rest.

A. tired B. hard D. hardly

（ ） 15．--Tom is terribly ill.

--We’d better nd him to hospital as _____as we can．

A． slowly B。quickly C。quietly D．easily

（ ）16. --Do you like the Moonlight Sonata?

--Sure, it sounds really________

A. clear B. clearly C. beautiful D. beautifully

（ ）17. Supermarkets are necessary. People usually spend_____ time finding things they want,

but they usually spend _____ money than they want.

; less ; more ; less ; more

（ ）18. “Do you want to improve your score in math? Try staying away from your

computer!” A recent report in Britain says, “The _____ students u computer at school and at

home, the _____ they do in exams of reading and math.”

; better ; wor ; more ; better

（ ） 19 . He speaks English ______ an American, so we all believe that he has stayed in

America for many years.

good as than badly as well as

( )20 . ---- The TV programme is boring. Shall we play chess instead?

---- All right. That is __________ than watching a boring programme.

good B. much good C、very better better

( )21. Even though she looks very young, she is twice my twenty-year-old

sister.

A. as old as B. older than C. so old as D. as older as

( )22. The sooner you take your medicine, you will feel.

A. the more good B. better C. the more D. the better

( )23. Of the four T-shirts I like the blue one .

A. much best B. the best C. better D. the better

( )24. Xiao Yang has learned to study in the U.S.

A. English enough B. enough English C. more English D. much

English

( )25. He explained it to me, but I′m no wir.

A. enough B. the C. more D. much

( )26. Xiao Wang′s mother bought him a racing bicycle for his birthday.

A. five-speeds B. five-speed C. five-speed′s D. five-speeds′

形容词 、副词专项练习题参考答案

（1）A (2)C (3)B (4)B (5)C (6)C (7)D (8)A (9)C (10)B (11)C

(12)C (13)A (14)A (15)B (16)C (17)D (18)A (19)A (20)A (21)A

(22)D (23)B (24)B (25)B (26)B