初中英语非谓语动词用法

初中英语非谓语动词用法汇总

非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词

一、加 to do 的

1. afford to do 负担的起做某事 We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我们承担不起

任何失误。

2. agree to do 同意做某事 Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一块吃饭

吗？

3. decide to do 决定做某事 She decided to accept the offer. 她决定接受这一提议。

4. expect to do 期待做某事 The shop expects to make more money this year. 这家店铺

期望今年多赚点钱。

5. hope to do 希望做某事 I hope to e you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某

一时候再见到你。 （hope sb do sth,hope+从句）

6. plan to do 打算做某事 Where do you plan to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪里度

假？

7. prefer to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer to travel in the front of the car. 我宁愿坐在汽车

的前面。

8. refu to do 拒绝做某事 I refu to answer that question. 我不愿回答那个问题。

9. em to do 看似做了某事The books em to be lost. 那些书好像不见了。

10. wish to do 希望做某事 I wish to talk with you in private. 我希望能私下里同你谈

话。

11. want to do 想要做某事 Is that why you don't want to go home? 这就是你不想回

家的原因吗？

12. would like to do 想要做某事 I would like to have a word with you. 我想同你说

句话。

13. offer to do 主动提出做某事 He offered to drive us to the airport, but we preferred

to walk there. 他主动提出送我们去机场,但我们宁愿走路去。

14. It is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do

区别： it is+adj+for sb+to do sth表示事物特征特点。 It's very hard for him to study two subjects.

对他来说学两门科目是很难的。

it is+of sb +to do sth表示人物的性格。It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太

好了。

It takes sb some time to do sth做某事花了某人时间 .

It’s time to do sth. 该是做某事的时候了

二、加 doing 的

1. avoid doing 避免做某事 Avoid crossing this street at rush hours. 避免在交通拥挤时

间穿越这条街道。

2. consider doing 考虑做某事 Would you consider working in New York next year? 明

年你考虑到纽约工作吗？

3. enjoy doing 享受做某事 I enjoy singing, much more listening to music. 我喜欢唱歌，

更不用说听音乐了。

4. finish doing 结束做某事 It took us a whole week to finish painting the home. 我们

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花了整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。

5. keep doing 持续做某事 Foreign words keep coming into English. 外来词源源不断地

进入英语。

6. mind doing 介意做某事 Would you mind stepping aside to let me pass? 你介意站

开让我走过去吗?

7. practice doing 练习做某事 Practice throwing the ball into the net. 练习投篮。

8. risk doing 冒险做某事 I don’t think they will risk holding an election. 我想他们是

不会冒风险举行选举的。

9. suggest doing 建议做某事 I suggested going for a walk. 我建议去散步。

10. miss doing sth 错过做某事 She misd going to the party on Saturday. 星期六她没能出

席聚会。

11. escape doing 逃脱做某事 There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有办法逃脱

做这项工作。

12. appreciate doing sth 感谢做某事 We shall appreciate hearing from you again.能再次收到

你的来信,我们将十分感激.

13. be worth doing 值得做某事 He'll probably say no, though it's worth trying. 他很可

能不同意，但不妨去试探一下。

14. spend…doing 花费...做某事 How much time do you spend practicing English every

day? 你每天花多少时间练习英文？

15. be busy doing He is busy doing his homework. 他正忙着做家庭作业.

忙于做某事

16. while/when doing I like to listen to music while running. 我喜欢一边跑步，一边

听音乐。

17. have a good time/fun/problems/trouble/difficulty doing 做某事有乐趣/问题/麻烦/困

难 I have difficulty remembering names. 我不易记住人名。

表语是（of）no u,not any u,not the slightest u,no good,not much good,fun等时,常用动名

词（不用不定式）做主语并后置,用 it 做形式主语.

如:It’s no u crying over spilt milk.

动名词可在 there be 句型中做主语（不能用不定式）,常见形式为 “there is no + 动名词”

或 “there is no / any + 名词 + 动名词”.

如:There isn’t any u trying again.

18. feel like doing sth 想要做某事

be ud to doing sth 习惯做某事 get ud to doing sth 逐渐习惯做某事

look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

prefer doing to doing 宁愿做...不愿做... stick to 遵守

owing to 由于,因为 due to由于,因为

devote … to doing 奉献...去做某事 object to doing 反对做某事。

三、sb to do 的

1. allow ab. to do 允许某人做某事 My boss doesn't allow me to u the telephone.

老板不许我使用电话。

2. cau ab. to do 导致某人做某事 The beliefin god caus people to do good. 对上

帝的信仰使人行善。

3. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事 Peter, my English teacher, never fails to

encourage us to study hard. 我的英文老师彼得总是鼓励我们要好好用功。

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4. force sb. to do 强迫某人做某事 No power on earth could force me to do it. 谁也

不能强迫我做这事。

5. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 We invite her to have Thanksgiving dinner with us.

我们邀请她和我们一起吃感恩节晚餐。

6. teach sb. to do 教某人做某事 It is time for somebody to teach you to behave

yourlf. 该是有人教你应对进退之礼仪的时候了。

7. warn sb. to do 警告某人做某事 The police warn us not to go out at night. 警察告

诫我们夜间不要出门。

8. …enough to do 足够做某事 Would you be kind enough to take a message to him?

拜托您捎个信儿给他。

9. It’s + adj+ for sb. to do 对某人来说做某事很... Is it necessary for me to attend the

meeting?我真的必须参加这个会议吗？

10. It takes sb. some time to do 花费某人多长时间做某事 How long does it take to

go to the airport by taxi? 坐出租汽车去飞机场要多长时间？

四、加 to do = 加 doing 的

1. start to do =start doing 开始做 When did you start to learn English? 你何时开始学

英语的?

2. learn to do = learn doing 学着做 She is learning to play the piano. 她在学弹钢琴。

3. continue to do = continue doing 继续做 Bread continues to ri in price. 面包的价格

继续上涨。

（类似的 like,love,dislike,hate,prefer,can’t stand,continue）

五、加 to do ≠ 加 doing 的

1. forget to do 忘记要做 Don't forget to leave room for our teacher. forget doing做了

某事而把它忘记了

2. remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过

3. regret to do sth 为要去做某事而后悔 （还没有做就已经后悔了） regret doing sth后悔

曾经做过某事

4. stop to do 停下来开始做 stop doing 停止正在做的事

5. try to do sth.设法做某事；try doing sth.试图做某事；

区别是：try to do侧重努力，为了达到目的而努力。try doing 只是一种新的尝试，不带明显

的目的性。

6. choo to do 决定要做但是还没有实现，choo doing已经选择实行了。

7. hurry to do 匆匆忙忙地赶着去做某事，事情还没有发生。hurry doing正在急急忙忙地

做某事，是正在做。

8. manage to do sth:尽力做某事,用to do的时候表示这件事还没有做完 manage doing sth.尽

力做完了某事,用doing的时候表示这件事已经搞定啦~

9. imagine to do 误以为某人做某事 imageine doing想像做某事

10. can’t help to do：译为不能帮助做某事,这里的help为帮助的意思。 can’t help doing：译

为情不自禁做某事。

另：want, require,need

need to be do 需要被做 need doing 需要被做

require to be do 要求被做 require doing 要求被做

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want to be do想被做want doing 想被做

六、不定式省略to的

1．使役动词后省略to的情况

在使役动词let, make, have后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to.如：

My mother wouldn’t let me go to the film. 我妈妈不会让我去看电影的.

I don’t like milk, but mother made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶,可是母亲强迫我喝.

I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. 我要他在公园门口等我.

注意：

当使役动词用于被动语态时,要补上在主动语态中省略的to(主要是指make,let和have很少

用于被动语态).

2．感觉动词后省略to的情况

在感觉动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to.如：

I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车.

I saw the woman enter a bank. 我看见这个女人进了一家银行.

We often hear her sing this song. 我们经常听到她唱这首歌.

Did you notice her leave the hou? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?

注意：

(1) 这里所说的感觉动词主要包括e, hear, obrve, notice, feel, watch等.但是它们用于被动

语态时,其后的不定式必须带to.如：

The woman was en to enter a bank. 有人看见这个女人进了一家银行.

但是,用于以上句型的动词notice 和watch通常不用于被动语态.

(2) 类似地,动词look at和listen to后用作宾语补足语的不定式也不带to.如：

We listened to the old man tell his story. 我们听这位老人讲述他的经历.

(3) 若动词feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为 to be,则要带 to(其他情况不带 to).如：

They felt the plan to be unwi. 他们认为这个计划不明智.

(4) 若不定式为完成式,通常应带 to.如：

I noticed her to have come early. 我注意到她来得很早.

3. 动词help后省略to的情况

在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to.如：

Can I help (to) carry this heavy box? 我可以帮忙扛这个重箱子吗?

Mother helped me (to) do my homework. 妈妈帮助我做作业.

注意：

(1) 当 help 之后接一个较长的名词词组作宾语或当其中的不定式所表示的动作主语不直接

参加时,不定式通常带to.如：

Help the little boys at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out. 请帮大厅后面那些小男孩把

椅子搬出去.

The tablets will help you to sleep. 这些药片将对你的睡眠有帮助.

(2) 在当help用于被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略.如：

The boy was helped by a woman to collect his scattered coins. 那男孩由一个妇女帮他捡拾散

乱一地的钱币.

4. why (not)…,had better, would rather, can but后省略to的情况

在why (not)…?之后的不定式不能带to.如：

Why go with him? 为什么要同他一起去?

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Why not ask the teacher? 为什么不去问问老师?

Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?

5. 动词know后省略to的情况

在“know+宾语+不定式”中,不定式有时省略to,有时不省,可分以下两种情况讨论：

(1) 若 know 为现在式,该结构中的不定式只限于 to be,且其中的to不能省略.如：

I know him to be ill. 我知道他病了.

We knew her to be honest. 我们知道她是诚实的.

(2) 若know为完成式或过去式,则该结构中的不定式可以用除 to be外的其他动词,且此时其

中的to可以省留.如：

I never knew him (to) do such a thing. 我从未听说他会干那种事.

We’ve never known him (to) tell a lie. 我们从未听说他撒过谎.

I’ve never known it (to) snow in July before. 我从未听说过有七月下雪的事.

但在被动语态中不定式前的to不能省略.这样用的know不仅仅表示一般意义的“知道”,而

是表示一种经历,因此常译为“曾……过”(用于肯定句时)或“(从来)没有……过”(用于否定

句时).

6. except / but等后省略to的情况

用作except, but, besides, such as宾语的不定式有时带to,有时不带to.其大致原则是：若其前

出现了动词 do,其后的不定式通常不带 to；若其前没有出现动词 do,则其后的不定式通常带

to.如：

I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我没有别的选择.

He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿.

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.

She can do everything except cook. 除了做饭之外她什么都会.

7. 主语带do表语省略to的情况

当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to.如：

All you do now is (to) complete the form. 你现在要做的只是把这张表填好.

The only thing to do now is (to) go on. 前进是现在唯一的出路.

What I’ll do is (to) tell her the truth. 我要做的就是告诉她真相.

8. 并列不定式省略to的情况

当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列时,通常只需在第一个不定式前用to,其余不定式前的to

可以省略.如：

He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那儿等他.

I’m really puzzled what to think or say. 我真不知该怎么想怎么说.

It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 说服人容易,强迫人难.

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