
英语谚语简介
郑国贤
西方人在讲话中常常喜欢引用谚语。谚语是很简短又很简练的句子表达人们长久岁月
里累积下来的经验和智慧,用起来又方便又达意。正如塞凡蒂斯(Cervantes)所说Proverbs
are short ntences drawn from long experience.
许多英文谚语成为西方人士日常谈话中常用的口头语。为了促进中西方人士的交往,
相互了解和友谊,懂一些英文谚语是有一定好处的。从语言的角度看,英文谚语的语言精练.、
生动、想象化,有时地地道道的英语,所以也是学习英语的很好材料。现在从几方面谈谈英
语谚语。
一、来源方面:英文谚语是十分丰富多彩的,因为英文谚语不单来自说英语的民族,
其中许多是引自其他国家或民族的,沿用久了也成为英语谚语。兹举一些例子如下:
1、 Nothing happens for nothing.(法国)无风不起浪,无火不生烟。
2、 One “Take this” is better than two “I’ll give you.”(西班牙)十赊不如一现。
3、 He who would gather ros mu not fear thorns.(荷兰)要采玫瑰就别怕刺。
4、 Who knows most says least.(意大利)博学者寡言。
5、 Too much wisdom is folly.(德国)过分聪明就是愚蠢。
6、 What may be done at any time will be done at no time.(英格兰)认为随时可以完成的
工作往往反而不能完成。
7、 Throw a lucky man into the a, and he’ll come up with a fish in his mouth.(阿拉伯)
把走运的人扔到海里,他将口含一条鱼上来。
8、 When I had money everyone called me brother.(波兰)有钱时人人叫我兄弟。
9、 A busy mother makes slothful daughter.(葡萄牙)勤劳的母亲造成懒惰的女儿。
10、Keep quiet and people will think you a philosopher.(拉丁)保持沉默人们就会想你是
个哲学家。
11、No road is long with good company.(土耳其)路上有良伴不觉路途远。
12、He who is of no u to himlf is of no u to any one.(丹麦)对自己无用的人对任何
人也无用。
13、Gray hair is a sign of age, not of wisdom.(希腊)白发是年老的标志不是智慧的象征。
14、Behind had luck comes good luck.(吉卜赛)塞翁失马,焉知非福;福兮祸所伏,祸
兮福所依。
15、At open doors dogs come in.(俄罗斯)门不关,狗就会进来;慢藏诲盗。
英文谚语除了人们长期生活中积累下来的以外,不少英文谚语是引自名家语录或名著中
的警句,也有一些引自圣经。兹举一些例子如下:
16、First come, first rved.——包蒙。弗莱彻(Beaumont and Fletcher)先到先招待;捷
足先登。
17、What is sauce for the goo is sauce for the gander.——布朗( Tom Brown——New
Maxims)适用于甲者也适用于乙。
18、Comparisons are odious.——柏顿(Burton)人比人气死人。
19、One swallow does not make a summer.——塞凡蒂斯(Cervantes)一燕不成夏;不能
由一个现象而定为通例。
20、The proof of the pudding is in the eating.——塞凡蒂斯(Cervantes)要检验布丁就要
吃一吃。
21、Tall oaks form little acorns grow.——爱维利特(David Everett)大橡树长自小槠子。
22、Handsome is that handsome does.——哥德斯密(Goldsmith)行为漂亮才是漂亮。
23、Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.——富兰克林(Franklin)今日事
今日闭。
24、God’s mills grind slow but sure.——赫伯特(Herbert)天网恢恢疏而不漏。
25、Who hou is of glass must not throw stones at another.(Tho who live in glass hous
should not throw stones.)——赫伯特(Herbert)自己有短处,不要去揭别人的短处。
26、Set the cart before the hor.——海伍德(John Heywood)本末倒置。
27、Two heads are better than one.——海伍德(John Heywood)两人智慧胜一人。
28、A new broom sweeps clean.——李里(Lily)新官上任三把火。
29、Strike the iron whilst it is hot.——拉伯雷(Rabelais)趁热打铁;见机行事。
30、Blood is thicker than water.——司各脱(Scott)血浓于水;亲人总比外人亲。
31、The burnt child dreads the fire.——章生(Ben Johnson)一次被火烫,见火就害怕。
32、A carpenter’s known by his chips.——斯威夫特(Swift)从木匠的片屑知其手艺。
33、Caution is the eldest child of wisdom.——雨果(Victor Hugo)谨慎是智慧的长子。
34、Ever why hath a wherefore.——莎士比亚(Shakespeare)凡事均有原因
35、Brevity is the soul of wit.——莎士比亚(Shakespeare)言以简洁为贵。
36、All’s well that ends well.——莎士比亚(Shakespeare)结局好,一切好。
37、There’s a tie for all things.——莎士比亚(Shakespeare)做事要当其时。
38、As a tree falls, so shall it lie.——圣经 树倒在何处就躺在何处(指自然规律无法违背)
39、Pride goes before a fall. ——圣经 骄者必败
40、Physician, heal thylf. ——圣经 医生,只好你自己的病吧。
41、Who digs a pit for his brother, he himlf falls in it.——圣经 挖陷坑的,自己必掉其中。
42、Sow the wind and reap the .——圣经 干坏事必将遭到加倍报应;恶有恶报。
whirlwind
43、A hou divided against itlf cannot stand.——圣经 一家自相分争就站立不住。
44、A living dog is better than a dead lion.——圣经 死狮不如活犬。
45、Gossip and lying go hand in hand.——圣经 爱说长道短的必然会撒谎。
46、A soft answer turns away wrath——圣经 婉言可以释怒。
47、Don’t cast pearls before swine.——圣经 不要把珍珠丢在猪前。
48、Reap as one has sown.——圣经 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
49、If he blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.——圣经 若是瞎子领瞎子,两
个人都要掉在坑里。
二、结构方面:谚语的一个主要特点是简洁和精练,所以它常是一个简短的句子。兹把
较常见的几种句型结构介绍如下:
(1)简单句。这种包括一个主语和一个谓语的简单句,占英语谚语中主要一部分。其
中不少是精辟的短句。兹举一些例子如下:
50、Facts are stubborn. 事实是改变不了的。
51、Adversity is a good discipline. 逆境使人坚强。
52、Appearances are deceitful. 外表靠不住。
53、Well begun is half done. 能善其始事已半成。
54、Half a loaf is better than no bread. 有胜于无。
55、Every cloud has a silver lining. 祸中必有福。
56、Cheapest is dearest.. 便宜无好货。
57、Homer sometimes nods. 智者千虑,必有一失。
58、Every cook prais his own broth. 厨子总是称赞自己做的汤。
59、Mere words will not fill a bushel. 空言无补。
60、Still waters run deep. 静水深流;深谋寡言。
61、A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔,转业不聚财;见异思迁,一事无成。
62、No piper can plea all ears. 一人难称百人意。
63、No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
64、Habit is a cond nature. 习惯是第二天性。
65、It' s never too late to mend. 改不过嫌晚。
66、Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
67、Silence gives connt. 沉默即同意。
(2)用He who…句型。这种用He who…句型带一定语从句的主从复合句,在英文谚
语中颇为常见。兹举数例如下:
68、He who pursues two hares catches neither. 同时追两兔,双落空。
69、He who grasps too much holds nothing fast. 抓太多,握不牢;贪多必失。
70、He who spares the bad injures the good. 宽恕坏人就是伤害好人。
71、He who does not advance fails backward. 不进则退。
72、He who fears not death cars not for threats. 四都不怕,哪怕威胁。
73、Tho who sleep with dogs will ri up wish fleas. 近墨者黑。
74、He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。
75、People who are too sharp out their own fingers. 太厉害的人往往反伤害自己。
76、He who makes a mou of himlf will be eaten by the cats. 自己示弱被人欺。
77、He that mischief hatches, mischief catches. 还人者终将害己。
(3)带一状语从句的主从复合句。兹举数例如下:
78、When the night is darkest, dawn’s nearest. 夜里最按的时刻,最接近黎明。
79、Make hay while the sun shines. 趁机行事。
80、If you cannot have the best, make the best of what you have. 如果没有较好的就充分利
用现有的。
81、If you wish peace, prepare for war. 要和平,就要备战。
82、When wine is in, wit is out. 酒醉智昏。
83、Where there is smoke, there is fire. 无火不生烟。
84、Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
85、As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. 自作自受,自食其果。
86、When the cat is away the mice will play. 猫儿跑不会,耗子闹;大王部在,小鬼跳梁。
87、The best fish smell when they are three days old. 再好的欲三天也要变臭;久住招人嫌。
(4)无连词无动词的并列复合句。较古老的英文谚语常保留这种形式,按其内容来说
应是主从复合句,大多数是说明条件或对比。用无连词无动词的并列复合句来表
达使结构简单用次精练。如:Out of sight, out of mind. (=If is someone is out of sight,
he will be soon pass out of mind.) 别久疏情。类似这种结构的谚语不少。兹举一些
例子如下:
88、Much cry, little wool. 说得多,做得少;雷声大,雨点小。
89、Like father, like son.(与这相似者有:Like mother, like daughter. Like master, like man.
Like tree, like fruit. 等) 有其父必有其子。.
90、Sound in body, sound in mind. 有健全的身体才有见群的精神。
91、Many men, many mind. 人多意见多。
92、Much coin, much care. 财产多,忧虑多。
93、No mill, no meal. 不磨面,没饭吃。
94、Other times, other manner. 俗随时迁。
95、Out of debt, out of danger. 无债一身轻。
96、Soon hot, soon cold. 热得快,冷得快。
97、No cross, no crown. 无苦即无乐。
98、No pains, no gains.. 无劳无获。
99、No song, so supper. 不干活不给饭吃。
100、Penny wi, pound foolish. 小事聪明,大事糊涂。
101、Great boasters, little doers. 善吹者不善做。
(5)无连词的并列复合句。有些谚语用无连词的并列复合句来表达条件句的内容以达
到结构简单用词精练的目的。如:Easy come, easy go. (=If the money comes easily, it
will go easily.) 来得容易去得快(指钱财)。兹把这一类型的谚语举些例子如下:
102、Fast bind, fast find. 藏得好,丢不了。
103、First come, first rved. 先到先招待。
104、Ill-got, ill-spent. 来得不正,去得不正。
105、Self do, lf have. 自作自受。
另有一些谚语用并列的命令式来表达条件句的内容。通常第一句是条件从句,第二句是
表示结果的主句。如:Grasp all, lo all. (=If you try to get too much, you may lo
everything. 贪多必失。
106、Waste nor, want not. 不浪费,不愁缺。
107、Sow nothing, reap nothing. 无所种,无所收。
108、Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。
109、Talk much, err much. 多话多错;言多必失。
有些谚语把宾语放在动词前面,如:
110、Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
111、Nothing ek, nothing find. 无所求则无所获。
112、Nothing ask, nothing have. 无所问则无所得。
113、Harm t, harm get. 害人者反害己。
(6)有连词的并列复合句。不少谚语用有连词的并列复合句来表达主从复合句的内容。
有一些是用连词and前面用命令句的形式,如:Make yourlf a lamb and wolf will
eat you. (=If you make yourlf a lamb, the wolf will eat you.)自己示弱被人欺。不少
谚语采用这种结构。兹举些例子如下:
114、Give him an inch, and he’ll take a mile. (或an all) 得寸进尺。
115、Take care of the pence, and the pounds will take care of themlves. 小事注意,大事
自成;积少可以成多。
116、Talk of evil, and he’ll appear. 说曹操,曹操就到。
117、Tell me whom you associate with and I’ll tell you who you are. 从其交友知其为人。
118、Give a fool rope enough, and he’ll hang himlf. 放任傻瓜等于害他。
119、Touch pitch and you will be defiled. 近墨者黑。
120、Help yourlf and your friends will help you. 先自助然后人助之。
121、Respect man and he will do the same. 尊敬人,人也尊敬您。
122、Play with an ass and he’ll whisk his tall in your face. 跟傻瓜玩笑只有自讨没趣。
有的谚语把第二分句的主语省略,如:
123、Marry in haste and repent at leisure. 匆匆结婚姻,闲来悔不尽。
124、Laugh and grow fat. 心宽体胖。
另有些谚语其并列句前后两部分都是陈述句,表示并列关系,不表示主从关系。如:
125、It never rains but is pours. 不下则已,下则倾盆。
126、Work won’t kill but worry will. 不是工作而是忧虑诗人丧生。
127、The tongue is not steel but it cuts. 舌头非剑但可伤人。
128、Fields have eyes and woods have ears. 田野有眼,森林有耳;言行审慎。
129、Pride goes before and shame follows after. 骄必招辱。
(7)用The+ comparative…the+ comparative…句型。用这种句型来表达比例增减,说明
越…越。如:
130、The more, the merrier. 越多越热闹。
131、The more wit, the less courage. 越精明,越胆小。
132、The more the bone, the sweeter the meat. 越是贴骨的肉越香。
133、The more violent the storm, the sooner it is over. 暴雨越猛,过得越快。
134、The nearer to church, the father from God. 近庙欺神。
135、The more haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。
136、The more noble, the more bumble. 越高贵,越谦逊。
137、The higher up, the greater the fall. 爬越高,跌越惨。
138、The brighter the moon, the more the dog barks. 月越亮,狗越吠。
139、The more one has, the more one wants. 越有,越贪。
140、The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance. 学然后知不足。
(8)用han…句型。用这种句型表示比较,说明与其……不如……;……胜
过……;或宁……勿……。兹举一些例子如下:
141、Better to wear out than to rust out. 与其锈掉不如用坏。
142、Better an egg today than a hen tomorrow. 今天一个蛋胜过明天一只鸡。
143、Better be alone than in bad company. 叫坏友不如不交友。
144、Better half an egg than an empty shell. 半个蛋胜过空壳;有胜过无。
145、Better slip with foot than tongue. 宁失足勿失言。
146、Better lo the anchor than the whole ship. 宁失卒勿丢车。
147、Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好;迟来总不不来强。
148、Better an open enemy than a fal friend. 假朋友比敌人更危险。
149、Better be a free bird than a captured king. 宁为由小鸟,勿为被俘帝王。
150、Better buy than borrow. 宁自己买,勿向人借。
151、Better an ugly face than a black heart。 丑脸胜过黑心。
152、Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡口勿为牛后。
153、Better short of pence than short of n. 宁穷勿笨。
154、Better safe than sorry. 宁稳勿悔。
(9)用no…without…句型。用这种句型来表达:有……必然有……;或没有……就
无……。兹举数例如下:
155、No pleasure without pain. 乐中必有苦。
156、No ro without a thorn. 没有无刺的玫瑰花。
157、No smoke without some fire. 无火不生烟,无风不起浪。
158、No fire without some smoke. 有火必生烟;有利必有弊。
159、No sweet without sweat. 不经艰苦,就不幸福。
160、No joy without alloy. 乐中有悲。
161、No sunshine without a shadow. 有阳光必有阴影。
162、No garden without weeds. 没有无杂草的园。
(10)All is(are) not…that…句型。用这种句型表达:……未必都是……。如:
163、All is not gold that glitters. 发光的未必是金子。
164、All are not hunters that blow the horn. 吹号角的未必都是猎人。
165、All are not saints who go to church. 上教堂的未必都是圣人。
166、All are not thieves that the dogs bark at. 狗吠的未必都是小偷。
167、All is not butter that comes from the cow. 来自母牛的未必都是奶油。
(11)用…is worth…句型。用这种句型表达……值得……;……抵得上……;或……
相当于……的价值。如:
168、One ounce of patience is worth a pound of brains. 一分钟忍耐抵得上十二分头脑。(忍
耐胜过智慧或耐心比智慧更重要。)
169、An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 预防胜过治疗。
170、An acre of performance is worth the whole land of promi. 许愿不如行动。
171、A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 二鸟在林不如一鸟在手。(十赊不如一现)
172、A sparrow in the hand is worth a goo on the wing. 在飞翔中的一直鹅不如手中的一
只雀。
173、Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的就值得好好去做。
174、An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。
175、He is worth his weight in gold. 他是个极可贵的人。
(12)用…till(或…until)句型。用这种句型时till(或until)之前常是否定式的主句。
这种句型表达在……以前,不……;或直到……,才……。如:
176、Don’t halloo till you are out of the wood.. 没脱离危险别先欢呼。
177、Cast not out the foul water till you bring in the clean. 清水未来莫拨脏水。
178、Heath is not valued till sickness comes. 病时方知健康之可贵。
179、We never know the value of water till the well is dry. 井干方知水可贵。
180、The cow knows not what her tail is worth until she has lost it. 牛失去尾巴后才知道它
的可贵。
181、A friend is never known till he is needed. 患难见真情。
182、Never fry a fish till it is caught. 鱼未捉到不要忙着煎鱼。
183、Never cross a bridge until you come to it. 在困难出现之前不要为困难发愁。(不要
杞人忧天。)
184、Never trouble trouble till trouble trouble trouble you. 不要自寻麻烦。
185、Cast never a clout till may be out. 五月尚未过,冬衣别搁起。
(13)用never(或Don't)开头的祈使句。用折中否定的祈使句表达:不要……;或切
勿……。如:
186、Never try to prove what nobody doubts. 无人怀疑的事无须证明。
187、Never put the plow before the oxen. 不要本末倒置。
188、Never judge from appearances. 不要从外表判断人。
189、Never bark up the wrong tree. 不要攻击错了对象。
190、Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要教鱼游水;班门弄斧。
191、Never spoil a ship for a ha'p'orth of tar. 不要因小失大。(注:ship为sheep的变体)
192、Never buy a pig in a poke. 别买下没有过目的东西。
193、Never swap hors in midstream. 不要半渡换马。
194、Never do things by halves. 做事不要半途而废。
195、Never hang a man twice for one offence. 一罪不能两罚。
196、Don't t a wolf to watch the sheep. 切勿叫狼看羊。
197、Don't blame it, but better it. 不要指责,要改正。
198、Don't cut off your no to spite your face. 不要拿自己出气。
199、Don't cry for the moon. 不要渴望不可能的事物。
200、Don't cut down the tree that gives you shade. 不要忘恩负义。
201、Don't spur a willing hor. 好马不用加鞭。
202、Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。
203、Don't carry a joke too far. 玩笑不要开得太过分。
204、Don't wake a sleeping lion. 不要唤醒睡狮;莫惹是非。
205、Don't kill the goo that lays the golden eggs. 不要沙鸡取蛋。
(14)用It is …to…句型。这种句型是以It为形式主语放在句头,真正主语放在句子后
部,使句子显得灵活些。如:
206、It is difficult to give n to a fool. 要使傻瓜有理性是困难的。
207、It is easy to fetch water when a river is near. 近河取水易。
208、It is one thing to promi and another to perform. 许愿是一回事,履行又是一回事。
209、It is better to die with honor than to live in infamy. 光荣牺牲胜过无耻偷生。
210、It is more blesd to give than to receive. 施比受更为有福。
211、It is too late to spare when the bottom is bare. 钱花光时才节约已太迟。
212、It is too late to cover the well when the child is drowned. 小孩淹死才盖井盖已太迟。
213、It is hard to lure hawks with empty hands. 空手诱不到老鹰。
214、It is good to get out of net, but better not to get into it. 摆脱落网是好,不陷落网更佳。
215、It is better to fail from the window than the roof. 两害从轻。
(15)用There is…句型。用引导词There开头的谚语也不少。兹举一些例子如下:
216、There is no rule without an exception. 没有无例外的规矩。
217、There is no royal road to anything. 任何事物无坦途。
218、There is no disputing concerning tastes. 百人吃百味;人各有所好。
219、There is no time like the prent. 目前正是大好时机。
220、There is a remedy for all things but death. 除死以外,一切都有补救办法。
221、There is many a slip between the cup and the lip. 吃到嘴才算是你的;功败垂成。
222、There is a black sheep in every flock.. 每个社会或团体难免有败类。
223、There is no pain so great that time will not soften. 时间减轻一切痛苦。
224、There is nothing but is good for something. 没有东西是一无用处的。
225、There is more trouble in having nothing to do than in having much to do. 没有做比有
许多事要做更苦恼。
三、修辞方面:英语谚语之所以有很强的生命力,能流传这么久,使用范围那么广,除
了它内容的丰富多彩外,其语言本身的精炼、贴切、生动有力也起很大作用。许多英语谚语
运用了高度形象化的修辞笔法来描述。有的用比喻法,有的用拟人法,有的用对比法等。此
外,不少英文谚语在用词上,主义押韵使说起来十分顺口,,又容易记忆。兹各举一些例子
如下:
(1)用比喻的例子如下:
226、Courage is fire, bullying is smoke. 勇气是火,恫吓是烟。
227、Never cackle till your egg is laid. 事末完成莫先吹。
228、A good conscience is a soft pillow. 问心无愧,高枕无忧。
229、March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb. 三月天气来如猛狮,去如绵羊。
(意为:三月初经常狂风暴雨,到三月底天气渐趋温和。)
230、Speech is silver but silence is gold. 能言为银,沉默是金。
231、The growing youth has a wolf in his stomach. 成长中的青年不知饱。(食欲强)
(2)用拟人法的例子:
232、The pot calls the kettle black. 锅嫌罐黑;指责别人而不怪自己有同样过失。
233、When the fox preaches, take care of your gee. 狐狸说教时,当心鹅被偷。
234、When fortune knocks, open the door. 勿失良机。
235、Money is a good rvant but a bad master. 要人支配钱,不要钱支配人。
236、The old cow thinks she was never a calf.老母牛忘记自己曾是个小牛。(指一些老年
人指责青年人的某些行为,忘记自己年轻时也是那样。)
237、Agues come on horback but go away on foot. 得病容易,脱病难。
(3)用对比法的例子:
238、Art is long, life is short. 艺术是永恒的,生命是短暂的;生有涯而知无涯。
239、A cold hand, a warm heart. 外表冷淡,心肠热。
240、He cries wine, and lls vinegar. 挂羊头卖狗肉。
241、Wine in, wit out. 酒醉智昏。
242、United we stand, divided we fall. 合即立,分即垮。
243、Promi little but do much. 少许愿,多行动。
(4)有押韵的例子:
244、No living man all things can. 世上无万能的人。
245、Many a little makes a mickle. 积少成多。
246、Make short the miles with talk and smiles. 一路谈笑不觉路远。
247、A red sky at night is the shepherd’s delight. 晚来天边红,羊倌露笑容。
248、In the end things will mend. 事到头总有救。
249、Two in distress makes sorrow less. 同病相怜。
250、A little pot is soon hot. 壶小易热,量小易怒。
251、A bad man in office is a mischief to the public. 坏人当官祸及大众.
252、To the boiling pot the flies come not. 烫锅不引苍蝇。(忙人不找闲客。)
253、He that will thrive, must ri at five. 五更起床,百事兴旺。
254、Little strokes fell great oaks. 滴水穿石。
255、A riend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真朋友。
256、The first day a guest, the third a pest. 久住招人嫌。
257、A boaster and a fool are two of a school. 自夸者和傻瓜是一路货色。
258、East or West, home is best. 不管东或西,自己的家乡最美好。
259、A stitch in time saves nine. 一针及时省九针;及时处理,事半功倍。
260、Burn not your hou to rid it of the mou. 不可焚屋驱鼠。
261、A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeks. 光说不能行的人如同
光长野草的花园。

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