2021
年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语
（
一
）
（
科目代码:
201
）
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Section
I
U
of
English
Directions:
Read
thethe
following
text:.
Choo
best
word(
s)
for
each
numbered
blank
and
mark
A,
B,
C
or
D
onSHEET.
the
ANSWER
(10
points)
Fluidtype
intelligence intelligence
is
the
of
that
has
to
do
with
short-term
memory
andand
the
ability
toin
think,,to
quicklylogically
abstractly
order
solve
new
problems.
,
It
]
in
young
adulthood
levels
out
for
a
period
of
time,
and
then
2
starts
to
slowlywe
decline
as
age.
But
3
aging
is
inevitable
,
scientists
are
finding
out
that
certain
changes
in
brain
function
may
not
be.
One
study
found
that
muscle
loss
andaround
the
4
of
body
fat
the
abdomen
are
associated
with
a
decline
in
fluid
intelligence.
This
suggests
the
5
that
lifestyle
factors
might
helptype
prevent
or
6
this
of
decline.
The
rearchers
looked
at
datalean
thatmeasurements
7
ofmuscle
and
abdominal
fat
from
4,000
more
than
middle-to-older-aged
men
and
women
and
8
that
data
reported
to
over
changes
a
in
fluid
intelligence
six-year
period.
They
found
measures
that
middle-aged
people
9
higher
of
abdominal
fat
10
11
wor
on
measures
of
fluid
intelligence
as
the
years
Forbeimmunity
women
,
the
association
may
12
to
changes
in
that
resulted
from
excess
abdominal
fat
,
；
in
men
the
immune
to
system
did
not
appear
be
13
.
It
is
hoped
that
future
studies
could
14
the
differences
and
perhaps
lead
to
different
15
for
men
and
women.
16
there
are
steps
you
can
17
to
help
reduce
abdominal
fat
and
maintain
lean
muscle
mass
as
you
age
into
order
protectyour
both
physical
and
mental
18
.
The
two
highly
recommended
lifestyle
approaches
are
maintaining
or
increasing
your
19
of
aerobic
exerci
and
following
a
Mediterranean-style
20
that
is
high
in
fiber
andprocesd
eliminates
highly
foods.
英语
（
一
）
试题
.1.
（
共
15
页
）
1.
A.
paus
B.
returnsC.
B.
formally
B.
since
B.
accumulation
B.
decision
peaks
C.
accidentallyD.
C.once
C.
consumption
C.
goal
D.
fades
2.
A.
alternatively
3.
A.
while
4.
A.
detection
generally
D.
until
D.
paration
D.
requirement
D.
utilize
D.
predicted
D.
applied
D.
against
5.
A.
possibility
6.
A.
delay
7.
A.
modified
B.
ensure
B.
supported
B.
compared
B.
above
C.
ek
C.
included
C.
converted
C.
by
8.
A.
devoted
9.
A.
with
10.
A.
lived
11.
A.
ran
out
B.
managed
B.
t
off
B.C.
attributable
B.
isolated
B.
spread
B.
symptoms
B.C.
Meanwhile
B.
watch
B.
process
B.
love
C.
scored
C.in
drew
parallel
C.
involved
C.
remove
C.demands
Therefore
D.
played
D.
by
went
12.
A.
superior
13.
A.
restored
14.
A.
alter
15.
A.
compensations
D.
resistant
D.
controlled
D.
explain
D.
treatments
16.
A.
Likewi
17.
A.
change
D.
Instead
D.
take
D.
coordination
D.
space
D.
prescription
C.
formation
18.
A.well-being
19.
A.
level
20.
A.
design
C.
knowledge
C.
diet
B.
routine
Section
U
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read
thefollowing
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
after
each
text
by
choosing
A,
B,
on
C
or
D.
MarkSHEET.
your
answers
the
ANSWER
(40
points
)
英语
（（
一
）试题
.2.
共
15
页
）
Text
1
How
can
the
train
operators
possibly
justify
yet
another
increa
to
rail
pasnger
fares?
It
has
become
a
grimlyreliable
annual
ritual:
every
January
the
cost
of
travelling
byon
train
ris
,
imposing
a
significant
extra
burden
tho
who
havetoto
no
option
but
to
u
the
rail
network
get
workotherwi.
or
This
year's
ri,
anbe
average
fraction
of
2.7
per
cent,
maythan
a
lower
last
year's,
but
it
is
still
(
well
above
the
official
Consumer
Price
Index
CPI)
measure
of
inflation.
Successive
governments
grounds
have
permitted
such
increas
on
the
that
the
cost
ofbe
investing
in
u
and
running
the
rail
network
should
bome
by
tho
who
itthan
,,,
rather
the
general
taxpayer.
Why
the
argument
goes
should
a
car-driving
pensioner
from
Lincolnshire
haveto
subsidithe
daily
commute
of
a
stockbroker
from
Surrey?
Equally
,
there
isin
a
n
that
the
travailscommuters
of
the
South
East,
many
ofbiggest
whom
will
face
among
the
ris
,
have
received
too
much
attention
compared
to
thowho
must
endure
the
relatively
poor
infrastructure
of
thethe
Midlands
and
North.
However
,,
overpast
the
12
months
tho
commuters
have
experienced
also
some
of
the
worstyears.
It
rail
strikes
in
is
all
very
well
train
operators
trumpeting
the
improvementspasngers
they
to
arethe
making
network
,
but
should
be
able
to
expect
a
basic
level
of
rvice
for
the
substantial
sums
they
are
nowpaying
to
travel.
Therests
responsibility
for
thethe
latest
wave
of
strikes
on
unions.
However
,there
is
aby
strong
ca
that
tho
who
havebeen
worst
affected
industrialhave
action
should
receive
compensation
for
the
disruption
they
suffered.
The
Government
haslaw
pledged
to
change
the
to
introduce
aminimum
rvice
requirement
so
rvices
that,
even
when
strikes
occur
,
can
continue
to
operate.form
This
should
measures
part
ofaddress
a
wider
package
of
to
the
long-running
problems
investment
on
Britain's
railways.,
Yes,
more
is
needed
but
pasngers
will
pay
not
be
willing
to
more
indefinitely
if
they
must
also
endure
cramped
,,
unreliable
rvices
punctuated
by
regular
chaos
when
timetables
are
changed
,
or
incompetently.
plannedis
maintenance
managed
The
threat
of
nationalisation
may
have
been
en
off
for
now
,
but
it
will
return
with
a
vengeance
if
the
justified
anger
of
pasngers
is
not
addresd
in
short
order.
英语15
（
一
）
试题
.3.
（
共
页
）
21.
The
author
holds
that
this
year's
increa
in
rail
pasnger
fares
A.
has
kept
pace
with
inflation
B.
a
is
big
surpri
to
commuters
C.
remains
an
unreasonable
measure
D.
will
ea
train
operation's
burden
22.
_____
The
stockbroker
in
for
Paragraph
2
is
ud
to
stand
A.
rail
travelers
B.
car
drivers
C.
local
investors
D.
ordinary
taxpayers
23.
______
It
is
indicated
in
Paragraph
3
that
train
operators
.
A.
have
suffered
huge
loss
owing
to
the
strikes
B.failed
have
to
provide
an
adequate
rvice
C.offering
are
compensation
to
commuters
D.
are
trying
to
repair
relations
with
the
unions
24.
If
unable
to
calm
down
pasngers
,
the
railways
may
have
to
face
A.
the
loss
of
investment
B.
the
collap
of
operations
C.
a
reduction
of
revenue
D.
a
change
of
ownership
25.
Which
of
thethe
following
would
be
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Whothe
Are
tofor
Blame
Strikes?
B.
Constant
Complaining
Doesn't
Work
C.
Can
Nationalisation
Bring
Hope?
D.
Ever-rising
Fares
Aren't
Sustainable
英语共15
（（
一
）
试题
.4.
页
）
Text
2
Last
year
marked
the
third
year
in
a
row
ofof
when
Indonesia's
bleak
rate
deforestation
has
slowed
in
pace.
One
reason
for
the
turnaround
may
be
the
country's
antipoverty
program.
In
2007,
Indonesia
started
phasing
in
a
program
that
gives
money
to
its
poorest
residents
under
certain
conditions
,
such
as
requiring
people
tokeep
kids
in
school
transfers
oror
get
regular
medical
care.
Called
conditional
cash
CCTs,
the
socialto
assistance
programs
arethe
designed
reduce
inequality
and
break
cycle
of
poverty.
They're
already
In
ud
in
dozens
of
countries
worldwide.
Indonesia
,
the
program
has
providedmedicine
enough
food
and
to
substantially
reduce
vere
growth
problems
among
children.
But
CCT
programs
don't
generally
consider
effects
on
the
environment.
In
fact
,
poverty
alleviation
and
environmental
protection
areviewed
often
as
conflicting
goals
,
University.
says
PaulHopkins
Ferraro
,
an
economist
at
Johns
That's
becaugrowth
economic
can
be
correlated
w
让
h
environmental
degradation
,protecting
while
the
environment
is
sometimes
correlated
with
greater
poverty.
However
,effect.
correlations
tho
don't
prove
cau
and
The
only
previous
studyarea
analyzing
causality
,
bad
on
an
in
Mexico
that
had
instituted
CCTs,
supported
the
traditional
view.
There
,
as
people
got
moremoney
,
some
of
them
may
Ferraro
havefortofor
more
cleared
land
cattle
rai
meat,
says.
Suchenvironment
programs
do
not
have
to
negatively
affect
the
,
though.
Ferraro
wanted
towas
e
if
Indonesia's
poverty-alleviation
program
affecting
deforestation. forest
Indonesia
has
the
third-largest
area
of
tropical
in
the
world
and
one
of
the
highest
deforestation
rates.
Ferraro
analyzed
satellite
datafrom
showing
annual
forest
loss
2008
to
2012
—
including
during
Indonesia's
pha-in
of
the
antipoverty
program
—
in468
7,
forested
villages
with
across
15
provinces.
"We
e
program
that
the
is
associated
a
30
,
percent
reduction
in
Ferraro
deforestation
M
says.
That's
likely
becauusing
the
rural
poor
are
the
money
as
makeshift
insurance
policies
against
inclement
weather
,
Ferraro
says.
Typically,
if
rains
are
delayed
,
people
may
clear
land
to
plant
more
rice
to
supplement
their
harvests.
Withthe
thetheir
CCTs,
individuals
instead
can
u
money
to
supplement
harvests.
Whether
this
rearch
translates
elwhere
anybody's
is
guess.
Ferraro
suggests
thecommonalities
results
may
transfer
toto
other
parts
of
Asia
,
due
such
as
the
importance
of
growing
rice
and
marketregardless
access.
And
of
transferability
,
the people
study
shows
that
what's
goodgood
also
for
may
be
for
the
environment.
Ferraro
Evendidn't
if
this
program
reduce
poverty
,
says,
“
the
value
of
the
avoided
deforestation
just
for
carbon
dioxide
emissions
alone
is
more
than
the
program
costs.
”
英语
（
一
）
试题
.5.
（
共
15
页
）
26.
______
According
to
the
first
two
paragraphs
,
CCT
programs
aim
to
.
A.
facilitate
health
care
reform
B.
help
poor
families
get
better
off
C.
improve
localeducation
systems
D.
lower
deforestation
rates
27.
______
The
study
bad
on
an
area
in
Mexico
is
cited
to
show
that
.
A.
a
cattle
raising
has
been
major
means
of
livelihood
for
the
poor
B.
CCT
programs
have
helped
prerve
traditional
lifestyles
C.
antipovertylocal
efforts
require
the
participation
of
farmers
D.
economic
growth
tends
to
cau
environmental
degradation
28.
In
his
to
study
about
Indonesia
,
Ferraro
intends
find
out
.
A.
its
acceptance
level
of
CCTs
B
.
its
annual
rate
of
poverty
alleviation
C.
the
relation
of
its
CCTs
toloss
forest
D.
the
role
of
its
forests
in
climate
change
29.
According
to
Ferraro
,
the
CCT
program
Indonesiais
in
most
valuable
in
that
______
.
A.
it
other
will
benefit
Asian
countries
B.reduce
it
will
regional
inequality
C.
it
can
protect
the
environment
D.
it
can
boostproduction
grain
30.
What
is
the
text
centered
on?
A.
The
effects
of
a
program.
B
.
The
debates
over
a
program.
C.
The
process
of
a
study.
D.
The
transferability study.
of
a
英语
（
一
）
试题.6.
（
共
15
页
）
Text
3
As
a
historian
who's
always
arching
for
the
text
or
the
image
that
makes
us
re-evaluate
the
past,
Fve
become
preoccupied
with
looking
for
photographs
that
show
our
Victorian
ancestors
smiling
(
what
the
better
way
to
shatter
image
of
19th-century
prudery?)
.
found
Fve
quitefew,
aand
—
since
I
started
posting
them
ona
—
they
surprid
havebeenbeen
causing
quite
stir.
People
have
to
e
evidence
that
Victorians
had
They
fun
andand
could,
did,
laugh.
are
noting
that
the
Victorians
suddenly
em
to
become
more
human
as
the
hundred-
or-so
yearsaway
that
parate
us
fade
through
our
common
experience
of
laughter.
Of
cour
,
Ito
need
concede
that
my
collection
of
'
Smiling
Victorians
?
makes
upa
onlypercentage
tiny
ofof
the
vast
catalogue
photographic
portraiture
created
between
1840
and
1900,
thewhich
majority
of
show
sitters
posing
mirably
and
stifflyabntly
into
in
front
of
painted
backdrops
,
or
staring
the
middle
distance.
How
do
we
explain
this
trend?
During
the
1840s
and
1850s,
in
thephotography
early
days
of
,
exposure
timesdaguerreotype
were
notoriously
long:
the
photographic
method
(
producing
an
image
ona
silvered
copper
plate
)
could
takeveral
minutes
to
complete
,
resulting
in
blurred
images
astheir
sitters
shifted
position
or
adjusted
limbs.The
thoughtholding
of
its
a
fixed
grin
as
the
camera
performed
magical
duties
was
too
much
tothe
contemplate
,
and
so
blank
a
non-committal
stare
became
norm.
Butof
exposuretimes
were
much
quicker
by
thethe
1880s,
and
introduction
the
Box
Brownietoday
ands
other
portable
cameras
meant
that,
though
slow
by
5
digital
standards
,
the
exposure
was
almost
instantaneous.
Spontaneous
smiles
were
relatively
easy
to
so
capture
by
the
1890s,
we
must
look
elwhere
for
an
explanation
of
why
Victorians
still
hesitated
to
smile.
Onethrough
explanation
displayed
might
be
the
loss
of
dignity
a
cheesy
grin.
u
Natureteeth,
gave
us
lips
to
conceal
our
”
ran
onepopular
Victorian
saying
,,
alluding
to
the
fact
that
before
the
birth
of
propermouths
dentistry
were
often
in,
a
shocking
state
ofand
hygiene.
A
flashing
t
of
healthy
clean
regular
4
pearlyof
whites'
was
a
rare
sight
in
Victorian
society
,
the
prerve
the
super
rich
(
and
even
then
,
dental
hygiene
was
not
guaranteed
).
A
toothy
when
grin
(
especially
there
were
gaps
or
blackened
teeth
)
lacked
class:
drunks
,
tramps
and
music
hall
performers
might
gum
and
grin
with
a
smile
asas
wide
Lewis
CarrolTs
gum-exposing
Cheshire
Cat,
butnot
it
was
a
becoming
lookbred
for
properly
Twain,
persons.
Even
Mark
a
hearty
man
who
enjoyed
a
laugh
,
said
that
when
it
came
to
photographic
portraits
there
could
be
u
nothing
more
damning
than
a
silly
,
foolish
smile
fixed
forever"
.
英语
（（
一
）
试题
.7.
共
15
页
）
31
.
______
According
to
Paragraph
1
,
the
author's
posts
on
.
A.
illustrated
the
development
of
Victorian
photography
B.
highlighted
social
media's
role
in
Victorian
studies
C.
re-evaluated
the
public
Victorian's
notion
of
image
D.
changed
people's
impression
of
the
Victorians
32.
What
does
the
author
say
about
the
Victorian
portraits
he
has
collected?
A.
They
are
rare
among
photographs
of
that
age.
B.
They
show
effects
of
different
exposure
times.
C.
They
mirror
19th-century
social
conventions.
D.
They
are
in
popular
u
among
historians.
33.might
What
have
kept
the
Victorians
from
smiling
for
pictures
in
the
1890s?
A.
Their
inherent
social
nsitiveness.
B
.
Their
before
tension
the
camera.
C.
Their
unhealthy
dental
condition.
D.
Their
distrust
of
new
inventions.
34.
Mark
Twain
isin
quotedof
to
show
that
the
disapproval
smiles
pictures
was
______
.
A.
a
thought-provoking
idea
B.
a
misguided
attitude
C.
a
controversial
view
D.
a
deep-root
belief
35.
Which
of
the
following
questions
does
the
text
answer?
A.stern
Why
did
most
Victorians
look
in
photographs?
B.to
When
did
the
Victorians
start
view
photographs
differently?
C.
What
made
photography
develop
in
the
Victorian
period?
D.smiling
How
did
in
photographs
become
a
norm?
post-Victorian
英语
（
一
）
试题
.8.
（
共
15
页
）
Text
4
From
the
early
days
of
broadband
,
advocatesweb-bad
for
consumers
and
companiescable
worried
that
the
and
phone
companies
lling
broadband
connections
hadand
the
power
over
incentive
to
favor
affiliated
websites
their
rivals'.
such
That's
why
there
has
been
a
strong
demand
for
rules
that
would
prevent
broadband
providers
from
picking
winners
and
lors
online
,
prerving
thethe
freedom
andbeen
innovation
that
have
lifeblood
of
the
Internet.
Yet
that
demand
has
been
almost
impossible
to
fill
—
in
part
becau
of
pushback
from
broadband
providers
,
anti-regulatory
conrvatives
and
the
courts.
A
federalcourt
appeals
weighed
in
again
Tuesday
,
but
instead
of
providing
a
badly
needed
resolution
,
让before
only
prolonged
theAt
the
fight.
issue
U.
S.
Court
of
Appeals
for
the
District
of
Columbia
Circuit
was
the
latest
take
of
the
Federal
Communications
Commission
(
FCC
)
onon
net
neutrality
,
adopted
a
party-line
vote
in
2017.
The
Republican-penned
order
not
only
eliminated
the
strict
netthe
neutrality
rules
FCC
hadhad
adopted
when
it
a
Democratic
majority
in
2015,
but
rejected
the
commission's
authority
to
require
broadband
providers
to
do
much
of
anything.
Thegovernments
local
order
also
declared
that
state
and
couldn't
regulate
broadband
providers
either.
The
argued
commission
that
other
agencies
would
protect
against
anti
competitive
behavior,
such
as
a
broadband-providing
conglomerate
like
AT<^T
favoring
its
Apple
own
video-streaming
rvice
at
the
expen
of
Netflix
and
TV.
Yet
the
FCCthe
also
ended
investigations
of
broadband
providers
thatimpod
datatheir
capsstreaming
on
their
rivals'rvices
but
not
own.
On
Tuesday
,
theorder
appeals
court
unanimously
upheld
the
2017
deregulating
broadband
providers
,
citing
a
Supreme
Court
ruling
from
2005
that
upheld
a
similarly
deregulatory
move.
But
Judge
Patricia
Millett
rightly
argued
in
a
concurring
opinion
that
"
thethe
result
is
unhinged
from
realities
of
modern
broadband
rvice
,
M
and
said
to
CongressSupreme
orCourt
the
could
intervene
"avoid
trapping
”
Internet
regulation
in
technological
anachronism.
In
the
meantime
,
the
court
threw
outblock
the
FCC's
attempt
to
all
state
rules
on
net
neutrality
,
while
prerving
thetopreempt
commission's
power
individual
state
laws
that
undermine
its
order.
That
means
more
battles
like
the
one
now
going
on
between
the
Justice
Department
and
California
,
which
enacted
a
tough
the
net
neutrality
law
in
the
wake
of
FCC's
abdication.
The
endless
legal
battles
and
back-and-forth
at
the
FCC
cry
out
for
Congress
to
act.
It
needs
to
give
the
commission
explicit
authority
once
and
forto
all
bar
broadband
providers
from
meddling
in
the
traffic
on
their
to
network
and
create
clear
rules
protecting
openness
and
innovation
online.
英语
（
一
）
试题共
.9.
（
15
页
）
36.
There
has
long
been
concern
that
would
broadband
providers
A.
under
bring
web-bad
firms
control
B.in
show
partiality
treating
clients
C.
slow
down
the
traffic
on
their
network
D.competitiontheir
intensify
with
rivals
37.
___
Faced
with
the
demand
for
netthe
neutrality
rules
,
FCC
A.
takes
an
anti-regulatory
stance
B.
sticks
to
an
out-of-date
order
C.
has
issued
a
special
resolution
D.
has
allowed
the
states
to
intervene
38.
What
can
be
learned
about
AT^T
from
Paragraph
3?
A.
It
engages
in
anti-competitive
practices.
B.
It
protects
against
unfair
competition.
C.
It
is
under
the
FCC's
investigation.
D.
It
is
in
pursuit
of
quality
rvice.
39.
Judge
Patricia
Millett
argues
that
the
appeals
court's
decision
A.
focus
on
trivialities
B.
conveys
an
ambiguous
message
C.
is
out
of
touch
with
reality
D.
is
at
odds
with
its
earlier
rulings
40.
What
does
thethe
author
argue
inlast
paragraph?
A.
Broadband
providers
5
rights
should
be
protected.
B.
The
FCCbe
should
put
under
strict
supervision.
C.
Rules
need
to tto
be
diversify
online
rvices.
D.
Congress
needs
to
take
action
to
ensure
net
neutrality.
英语
（
一
）
试题
.10.
（
共
15
页
）
Part
B
Directions:
In
the
following
text,
some
ntences
have
been
removed.
For
Questions
41-45,
choo
thethethe
from
mostinto
suitable
one
each
list
A-G
to
fit
of
numbered
blanks.
There
arewhichthe
two
extra
choices
,
do
not
fit
in
any
of
blanks.
Mark
your
answers
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(10
points
)
In
theAl
movies
and
artificial
on
television
,
intelligence
(
)
is
typically
depicted
as
something
sinister
that
willway
upend
our
of
life.
When
it
comes
to
Albusiness
in
,
we
often
hear
about
it
in
relation
to
automation
and
the
impending
loss
of
jobs,
but
in
what
ways
is
Al
changing
companies
and
the
larger
economy
that
don't
involve
doom-and-gloom
mass
unemployment
predictions?
A
recent
survey
of
manufacturing
and
rvice
industries
from
Tata
Consultancy
Services
found
that
companies
currently
u
Al
more
often
in
computer-to-computer
activities
than
in
automating
human
activities.
Here
are
a
few
other
ways
Al
is
aiding
companies
without
replacing
employees:
Better
hiring
practices
Companies
arethe
using
artificial
intelligence
to
remove
some
of
unconscious
bias
from
hiring
decisions.
"There
arethe
experiments
that
show
that,
naturally
,
results
of
interviews
are
much
more
biad
than
what
Al
does,"
says
Pedro
Domingos
,
author
of
The
Master
Algorithm:
How
the
Quest
for
the
Ultimate
Learning
the
Machine
Will
Remakeat
Our
World
and
a
computer
science
professor
University
of
Washington.
In
One
addition
,
"(41)
_______________________
”
company
that's
doing
thiscalledto
is
Blendoor.
It
us
analytics
help
identify
where
there
may
be
bias
in
the
hiring
process.
More
effective
marketing
Some
Al
software
can
analyze
and
optimize
marketing
subject
lines
to
increa
open
rates.
One
company
in
the
UK,
Phrae
,
claims
their
software
can
outperform
humans
byup
whenThis
to to
10
percent
itemail
comes
open
rates.
can
revenue.
mean
millions
more
in
(42)
________________________
The
are
udata,
tools
that
help
people
u
Patrick
not
a
replacement
for
people
,
says
H.
Winston
,
a
professor
of
artificial
intelligence
and
computer
science
at
MIT.
英语
（
一
）试题
.11
.
（
共
15
页
）
Saving
customers
money
Energy
companies
can
u
Alto
help
customers
reduce
their
electricity
bills
,
saving
them
money
while
helping
the
environment.
Companies
can
also
optimize
their
cost
own
energy
u
and
cutthe
down
on
of
electricity.
Insurance
companies
,,
meanwhile
can
ba
their
premiums
on
Al
models
that
more
accurately
asss
risk.
Domingos
says,
"(43)
________________________
"
Improved
accuracy
u
Machine
learning
a
often
provides
more
reliable
form
of
statistics
,
which
makes
data
helps
more
valuable
,
says
Winston.
It
u
people
make
smarter
decisions.
”
(44)
________________________
Protecting
and
maintaining
infrastructure
A
number
of
companies
,
particularly
in,Al
energy
and
transportation
u
image
processing
technology
to
inspect
infrastructure
and
prevent
equipment
failure
or
leaks
before
theythey
happen.
"If
failthem,
first
and
then
you
fix
it's
very
Domingos.
expensive
,
n
says
"(45)
________________________
”
A.
Al
replaces
the
boring
parts
of
your
job.
,
If
you're
doing
rearch
you
can
have
Alfor
go
out
and
look
relevant
sources
and
information
that
otherwi
you
just
wouldn't
have
time
for.
B
.
There
are
also
companies
like
Acquisio
,
which
analyzes
advertisingperformance
across
multiple
channels
like
Adwords
,
Bing
and and
socialmedia
makes
adjustments
or
suggestions
about
where
advertising
funds
will
yield
best
results.
C.
One
accountingcontracts
firm,
EY,
us
an
Al
system
that
helps
review
duringwith
an
audit.
This
process
,,
along
employees
reviewingcontracts
the
is
faster
and
more
accurate.
D.
We're
also
giving
our
customers
better
channels
versus
picking
up
the
phone
to
accomplish
something
beyond
human
scale.
E.
You
wantpredict
toto
if
something
needs
attention
now
and
point
where
it's
uful
for
employees
to
go
to.
F.lookswould
Al
at
resumes
in
greater
numbers
than
humans
be
able
to,
and
lects
the
more
promising
candidates.
G.a
Before
,
they
might
nothigh
insure
the
ones
who
felt
or
like
riskthem
charge
too
much,
or
theythen
wouldwould
charge
little
them
too
and
it
cost
the
company
money.
英语
（
一
）
试题
.12.
（
共
15
页
）
Part
C
Directions:
Read
thethe
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
underlined
gments
into
Chine.
Write
your
answers
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(10
points
)
World
War
was
U
the
watershed
event
for
higher
education
in
modem
Western
societies.
(46)
Tho
with
societies
came
out
of
the
war
levels
of
enrollment
that
had
been
3-5%
roughly
constant
at
of
the
relevant
age
groups
during
the
decadesbefore
thethegreat
war.
But
after
war,
social
and
political
changes
arising
out
of
the
successful
war
against
Fascism
created
a
growing
demand
in
European
and
American
economies
for
increasing
numbers
of
graduates
with
more
than
a
condary
school
education.
(47)
And
the
demand
that
ro
in
tho
societiesto
for
entry
class
to
higher
education
extended
groups
and
social
that
had
not
university
thought
of
attending
athe
before
war.
The
demands
resulted
in
a
very
rapid
expansion
ofof
the
systems
higher
education
,
beginning
in
the
1960s
and
developing
very
rapidly
(and
though
unevenly
)
during
the
1970s
1980s.
The
growth
of
higher
education
manifests
itlf
in
at
least
three
quite
different
turn
ways,
and
the
in
have
given
ri
to
different
ts
of
problems.
There
was
first
the
rate
of
growth'.
(48)
in
many
countries
of
Western
Europe
,
the
numbers
of
students
in
higher
education
doubled
within
five-year
periods
during
the
1960s
and
doubled
again
in
ven,
years
eight,by
or
10
the
mickile
of
the
1970s.
Second
,
growth
obviously
affected
the
absolute
size
both
of
systems
and
individual
institutions.
And
third
,
growth
was
reflected
in
changes
in
the
proportion
the
of
relevant
age
group
enrolled
in
institutions
of
higher
education.
Each
of
the
manifestations
of
growth
carried
its
own
peculiarproblems
in
its
wake.
For
example
,
a
high
the
growth
rate
placed
great
strains
on
existing
structures
of
governance
,,
of
administration
and
aboveWhen
all
of
socialization.
a
faculty
or
department
grows
from
,to
say
,
five
20
members
withinfour
three
or
years
,
(49)
and
when
the
new
staff
are
predominantly
young
men
and
women
freshstudy,
from
postgraduate
they
largely
define
the
norms
of
academic
life
in
that
also
faculty.
And
the
if
postgraduate
student
population
grows
rapidly
and
there
is
loss
ofand
a
clo
apprenticeship
relationship
between
faculty
members
students
,
thechief
student
culture
becomes
the
socializing
force
for
new
postgraduate
students
,life
with
conquencesfor
the
intellectual
and
academic
of
the
institution
—
—
this
was
en
in
America,
as
well
as
in,
France
Italy
West
英语
（
一
）
试题
.13.
（
共
15
页
）
Germany
,growth
and
Japan.
(50)
High
rates
incread
the
chances
for
academic
innovation
；forms
they
also
weakened
the
and
process
by
which
teachers
and
students
are
admitted
into
a
communof
让during
y
scholars
periods
of
stability
or
slow
growth.
In
the
1960s
and
1970s,
European
universitiesmarked
saw
changes
in
their
governance
arrangements,
with
to
the
empowerment
of
junior
faculty
and
some
degree
of
students
as
well.
Section
ID
Writing
Part
A
51.
Directions:
A
foreign
graduated
friend
of
and
yours
has
recently
from
college
intends
to
find
a
job
in
China.
Write
him/her
an
to
make
some
suggestions.
You
should
write
about
100on
words
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
Do
not
u
your
own
name
in
the
；
u
u
Li
Ming
”
instead.
(10
points
)
Part
B
52.
Directions:
Write
essay
an
of
160-200
words
bad
on
the
picture
below.
In
your
essay
,
you
should
1)
describe
the
picture
briefly
,
2)
interpretmeaning
the
implied,
and
3)
give
your
comments.
Write
your
answer
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET.
(20
points
)
英语
（
一
）试题
.14.
（
共
15
页
）
2021
年考研英语
（
一
）
真题答案速查表
1
〜
5
CDABACABDD
6
~
1016
ACBAC
11
〜
1521
DBCDD
~20
BDAAC
~25
263036
〜〜
BDCCA
31
3541
DACDA
〜
40
BAACD
~45
FBGCE
46.
二战后
，
西方社会适龄人群的入学率大致维持在
3%-5%,
与战前几十年间的水平
相当
。
47.
在西方社会
，
人们对接受高等教育的需求上升
,
战前没有考虑过上大学的群体和社会
阶层也逐渐有了这样的需求
。
48.
5年代中
20
世纪
6070
年代,许多西欧国家接受高等教育的学生人数每
年翻一番
，
到
期
，
这些人数在
7
、
8
年间或
10
年间又翻了一番
。
49.
且当新的员工大多是刚刚完成研究生学业的青年男女时
，
他们将在很大程度上界定
该学院的学术生活规范
。
50.
高增长率增加了学术创新的机会;同时也弱化了教师和学生在稳定期或缓慢增长期
被接纳加入学者群体所需的形式和过程
。
英语
（）
一
）
试题共
.15.
（
15
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