电气专业论文文献综述

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电气专业论文文献综述
2023年10月29日发(作者:独角仙认主人吗)

电气专业英语词汇

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PLC技术简介与应用

摘要:随着电子计算机技术的不断发展,PLC 技术在电气化自动控制制造与研发领域中

的应用变得越来越广泛,发挥着不可替代的作用。PLC 技术在电气设备自动化控制中的应

用是以微软的处理器作为基础,结合了现在的计算机技术,自动控制技术,现代通讯技术等

的优势,极大的扩充了 PLC 技术在电气设备自动化控制应用中的适用领域,有很强的实效

性。 PLC 技术有着高灵活性、高可靠性、便捷性,和工业机器人、CAD/CAM 并称现代自

动化工业的三大顶梁柱。 本文介绍何为 PLC 技术,PLC 技术在电气设备自动化控制中的

优势与应用,希望能有一定的借鉴作用。

关键词:PLC 技术;电气设备;自动化控制

.PLC 技术的概念

PLC 是英语可编程控制器 Programmable logic Controller 的缩写,以微处

理器为依托,结合通信,计算机,互联网和自动控制技术开发而成的工业上的控

制装置。 PLC 技术起源于 20 世纪 70 年代,被成功的运用于汽车工业中。

PLC 技术运算,处理速度,控制各种功能的进步与商业化, 它在电气设备

自动化中的应用领域也变得越来越广泛,形成了仪表-电器-计算机控制的一体化

模式。 PLC 技术在产品中的应用与生产, 是以 DCS 集散控制系统和 FCS

线控制系统作为主要的控制形式。 PLC 技术在将来的发展中,将不仅仅是作为

一个基础系统,而是一种全分布式,开放式的控制系统。

.PLC的结构

P L C 技术的本质是应用于工业控制的计算机技术,因此,它的硬件结构组

成同大多数 计算机结构是基本一致的, 都包括有:电源、C P U( 中央处理器)

存储器、 功能模块、 信模块、 输入/ 输出接口电路等等。

.PLC的工作原理概述

第一个步骤,输入采样。在这个步骤当中,可编程控制器读取采样数据主要

通过扫描的方式,然后利用输入I/O输出映像区中所对应的单元对这些数据进行

存储。在数据采样被输入之后,继续执行输出刷新操作对转入用户程序。

第二个步骤,程序执行。在用户程序执行的过程中,可编程控制器对用户程

序进行扫描的执行顺序总是自上而下,在扫描的过程中,其运算按照固定的顺序

和路线进行,其中,扫描顺序也是由左至右,由上至下,而扫描线路则是由用户

程序的各个触电构成。

第三个步骤,系统输出刷新。在这一阶段所要完成的操作是可编程控制器在

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执行完用户程序之后的刷新。在刷新过程中,系统的中央处理器会根据输入I/O

输出映像中相应的状态和前一阶段输入的数据来进行锁存电路,再完成对其他外

设的驱动。

.PLC主要特点分析

1)有较高的性价比,功能完备。PLC 控制器内有大量编程元件供用户使

用,具有很强大且完备的控制功能,还可以利用通信联网实现集中管理但分散控

制。

(2)抗干扰能力强一方面,PLC 应用了大规模的集成电路技术,在生产工艺

上采用先进的抗干扰处理技术,如内部电源采取屏蔽、稳压、保护;设置独立的

输入 / 输出接口电路电源等措施,从自身硬件上增强了其抗干扰能力及设备的

可靠性。另一方面,通过正确选择接地地点和完善接地系统,以及采用密封、防

尘、抗震的外壳进行封装,也可以起到良好的减少外界干扰的效果。通过以上措

施使得 PLC 能在较为恶劣的环境中可靠的工作,并减少故障的发生率,提高了

系统的可靠性。

(3)PLC 控制器具有安装方便、易维修、操作简单等优点,PLC 控制器出现

故障时,其故障原因可通过其运行和故障指示装置检查出,用户在系统发生故障

时,可立即采取措施更换模块等措施进行恢复,同时PLC用户界面简单明了,

于用户来说很容易掌握。

.PLC在电力系统中的应用现状

(1)顺序控制。在火力发电系统中,其内在辅助系统的工艺流程可以分为两种

方式,即开关控制和顺序控制。随着我国对能源及环境保护的重视程度越来越高,

因此在火力发电行业中,其生产过程的资源节约已经成为各企业管理的目标。

达到节能减排的终极目标,必须提高该企业辅助车间的自动化控制水平。随着

PLC 控制技术的问世,在火力发电企业的辅助系统中,传统继电控制器基本被

PLC 控制系统代替,于此同时,随着科技的不断进步,PLC控制系统不仅可以对

单个工艺流程进行有效控制,而且可以通过将 PLC 连接通信总

线的方式来对整个生产环节进行协调。

2)开关量控制

断路器控制。原来的火电系统内多采用电磁型继电器为主要元件的控制器,

该系统采用了大量电磁元件,因此其自身的大量触点大大降低了系统的可靠性,

同时该种系统还具有接线复杂、维修困难等缺点,而近年来PLC的运用则用大量

软继电器代替大量的实物元 件,因此 大大提高了其可靠性,运行人员只需进行

简单 的分合闸操作,在操作过程中系统能够根据实际能否运行而给出相应的指

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示信号。

自动切换。为了加强供电的可靠性,备用电源 自动投人装置多年前就应用

在火电企业当中,最初为手动或 自动进行供回电线路的操作,虽然该操作过程

往往之需要几秒钟的时间,但对于有连续供 电要求的用户来说也是不允许的,

因此,为了提高供 电的可靠性,由PLC构成 的备用电源自动投人装置应运而

生,其可以通过编程来使用各种运行方式,其将采集到的一次设备 的正常运行

信号作为备用电源启动或关闭的依据,由于该控制系统具有数据处理以及逻辑判

断功能,因此其不仅能完成备用电源自投的操作,且其能考虑系统运行情况以及

其他操作要求,同时系统本身具有很强的抗干扰能力,并具有可靠性高、接线简

单、调试操作方便以及成本低等优点。

(3)闭环控制

泵类电机。火电成内泵类启动方式一般有自动启动、机旁屏手动启动以及现

场控制箱手动启动几种。自动状态下泵的开机时由PLC内顺控模块根据各个泵

的累积运行时间长短来选择主备用泵;而机旁屏开启方式则是需调节现场开关的

方式来启闭泵,其主备用泵则是根据人类对运行时间的比较来决定每台泵的启

闭,而若要在现场对其进行操作则需将开关调至“调速器手动”档位才能实现。

.PLC 在电气自动化中的应用前景

控制与管理功能一体化。在一台控制器上同时实现控制功能和信息处理功

能,PLC 产品采用计算机信息处理技术、网络通信技术和图形显示技术,使得

PLC 系统的生产控制功能和信息管理功能融为一体,进一步提高 PLC 的功能,

最大限度满足现代化大生产的控制与管理的需要。

现代 PLC 控制技术将向体积更小、功能更强、价格更低、速度更快的微小

型方向发展,同时也会朝着大型网络化、兼容性好、功能全及可靠性高的方向发

展。在网络信息技术高速发展的时代,PLC 控制技术也将逐步得到优化,也必

将拥有更为广阔的发展前景。

.PLC在电气自动化中的发展趋势

伴随着科技的发展,全球工业计算机控制领域已经发生巨大变 革,PLC

乎到处都 有,对于PLC控制器的核心—控制软件来讲,开放式的编程组态工具

软件以及开放式通信网络技术的突破,将PLC推向了更加开放的工业控制行业。

PLC控制系统在高端应用方面,将和工业PC控制系统相媲美,因为这两者

在微处理器和内存芯片方面十分相似,将来的发展趋势是将更多的功能进一步集

成到一个控制箱内,以方便用户的操作和使用,像顺序控制和过程控制将会采用

功能化方式进行处理,其他类似运动控制等也能够共享到相同的控制结构体系

中。可以相信,PLC技术的发展继续沿着开放式控制系统的方向,尤其是基于工

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电气专业英语词汇

PC的控制系统。为了更好的提供用户使用,PLC在人机界面方面要做的完美、

通信设备要更加完备、现场总线通信能力要更加的成熟,这样才能更好地适应各

种不同工业控制场合的需求。除了在灵活性方面比传统PLC具有截然不同的优势

外,还要做到能够缩短系统投放到市场的周期,并能降低系统投资费用,提高从

工厂底层到企业办公自动化的数据信息流动效率等,这将是PLC未来发展不可抵

挡的趋势。

结论:综上所述,PLC 技术在电气自动化控制中是一项先进的技术,它克服

了传统电气自动化控制系统的诸多缺点,减少了材料消耗,减少了维护工作,

助企业节省资源,提高企业的工作效率。同时 PLC 在电气自动化控制中的应用

又需要进一步的发展,要突破现有的技术瓶颈,做到在各种环境下都能让PLC

用到电气自动化的控制之中,同时,需要对现有的 PLC 技术进行改进,使之能

在高温高压以及高电磁辐射等各种复杂的环境下进行工作,这样 PLC 在电气自

动化控制中的应用才能得到充分的扩展和全面的开发利用。

参考文献

[1] 刘铁中.PLC技术在电气设备自动化控制中的应用.[J].科技视界,2013

[2] 于军,苗百春.PLC技术在电气自动化中的应用.[J].科技资讯,2013

[3] 张俊莉.PLC在电气自动化中的应用探究.[A].第二届科协文化——中关村论坛

论文集.

[4] 王华琳.PLC在电气自动化控制中的应用.[J].信息与电脑(理论版)2013

[5] 孙胜涛.PLC 在电气自动化控制中的应用分析.[J].电子技术与软件工程,2013

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Introduction and application of PLC technology

Abstract: With the continuous development of computer technology, PLC technology in

the electric automatic control is becoming more and more widely applied in the field of

manufacturing and rearch and development, play an irreplaceable role. PLC technology in

the application of the electric equipment automation control bad on Microsoft's processor

as the foundation, combined with the prent computer technology, automatic control

technology, modern communication technology and other advantages, greatly extend the

application of PLC technology in the electric equipment automation control applicable areas,

have very strong effectiveness. PLC technology has high flexibility, high reliability,

convenience, and industrial robots, CAD/CAM and three big pillar of modern industrial

automation. This paper introduces what is the PLC technology, PLC technology in electrical

equipment of the advantage and application of automation control, hope to have certain

reference function.

Keywords:The PLC technology, Electrical equipment; Automatic control

concept of PLC technology

Is English PLC Programmable Controller Programmable logic Controller, which is bad

on microprocessor, combined with communication, computer, Internet and automatic

control technology on the development of industrial control device. PLC technology

originated in the 1970 s, has been successfully applied in automobile industry. As the

technology of PLC, processing speed, control the progress of the various functions and

commercialized, its applications in electrical equipment automation is also becoming more

and more widely, formed the instrument - appliances - the integration of computer control

mode. The PLC technology in the application of products and production, with DCS DCS and

FCS bus control system as the main form. The development of PLC technology in the future,

will not just as a basic system, but a whole distributed, open control system.

structure of the PLC

The esnce of P L C technology is applied in the industrial control computer technology,

as a result, the hardware structure is the basic consistent with most computer structure, all

include: power supply, C P U , memory module, function module, letter, input/output

interface circuit and so on.

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3. The working principle of PLC

The first step, the input samples. In this step, programmable controller read sampling

data mainly through the way of scanning, and then u the input in the I/O output image area

of the storage unit of the data. After the sampling data is input, continue to implement the

output refresh operation to turn to the ur program.

The cond step, the program execution. In the process of the ur of the program

execution, programmable controller for the ur program to scan the execution order from

top to bottom, always in the process of scanning, its operation shall be carried out in

accordance with the fixed order and route, among them, the scanning quence is from left

to right, from top to bottom, and the scanning line is made up of each ur program to get an

electric shock.

The third step, the system output refresh. The operation to be completed at this stage is

a programmable controller to refresh after the execution of the ur program. In the refresh

process, the system CPU I/O output will be bad on the input image in the corresponding

state and the previous pha of the input data to latch circuit, then complete the drive for

other peripherals.

4. PLC main characteristic analysis

电气专业英语词汇

replace modules such as measures to restore, PLC ur interface simple and clear at the same

time, it is very easy for urs to master.

5. Application of PLC in power system are reviewed

(1) Sequential control. In the thermal power system, its internal auxiliary system of

technological process can be divided into two ways, namely, switch control and quence

control. Along with our country's emphasis on energy and environmental protection degree is

more and more high, so in the thermal power industry, the production process of saving

resources have become the target of each enterpri management. In order to reach the

ultimate goal of energy conrvation and emissions reduction, it is necessary to improve the

automatic control level of the enterpri auxiliary workshop. With the advent of PLC control

technology, in the auxiliary system of thermal power enterpris, the traditional relay

controller is replaced by PLC control system, basic at the same time, with the constant

progress of science and technology, PLC control system can not only to a single technological

process for effective control, and be able to connect to PLC communication always

电气专业英语词汇

running situation and other operation requirements, at the same time, the system itlf has a

strong anti-interference ability, and has high reliability, simple wiring, debugging, convenient

operation and low cost etc.

(3) clod loop control

Pump motor. Thermal power into the general pump startup mode automatically start,

screen machine manual start and run veral field manual control box. Automatic condition of

pump is powered by PLC in quence control module bad on the accumulation of each

pump running length of time to choo the main spare pump; And beside the machine screen

open means is to adjust the switch to open/clo pump, its main standby pump is bad on

human compare to run time to determine each pump type, while in the scene to manipulate it

will switch to "manual" governor gear to achieve.

6. The application prospects of PLC in electrical automation

Control and management integration. On a controller to control and information

processing functions at the same time, PLC adopts computer information processing

technology and network communication technology and graphics display technology, makes

the production control function of PLC system and information management functions, to

further improve the function of PLC, the maximum meet the needs of the modern production

电气专业英语词汇

functional way to deal with, other similar motion control and so on also can share the same

control structure system. Are to be believed, the development of PLC technology to continue

along the direction of the open control system, especially the control system bad on

industrial PC. In order to better provide urs, PLC in the aspect of man-machine interface to

do perfect, communications equipment more complete, fieldbus communication ability will

be more mature, so as to better adapt to the demand of various industrial control occasions.

In addition to the flexibility than traditional PLC has a distinct advantage, but also can shorten

the cycle of system into the market, and can reduce the investment cost of the system and

improve the bottom from the factory to the data flow of information efficiency of enterpri

office automation, etc., this will be the future development of PLC irresistible trend.

Conclusion:

To sum up, the PLC technology in electrical automation control is an

advanced technology, it overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional electrical automation

control system and reduce the material consumption, reduced the maintenance work, help

enterpris to save resources, improve the work efficiency of the enterpri. Application of

PLC in electrical automation control and need further development, to break through the

existing technical bottlenecks, do it in a variety of circumstances can make PLC applied to

electrical automation control, at the same time, the need to improve the existing PLC

technology, can make it in high temperature and high pressure and high electromagnetic

radiation and so on various work under complex environment, so that the PLC application in

the electrical automation control can fully extended and the comprehensive development

and utilization.

Reference

[1] Liu Tiezhong. PLC technology application in the electric equipment automation

control. [J]. Journal of horizon of science and technology, 2013

[2], the armed force the spring edling. PLC technology in the application of electrical

automation. [J]. Journal of information science and technology, 2013

[3] Zhang Junli. PLC application in electrical automation. [A]. The cond "-

zhongguancun BBS association for science and technology culture".

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电气专业英语词汇

[4] Wang Hualin. PLC application in electrical automation control. [J]. Journal of

information and computer (theory), 2013

[5] sheng-tao sun. Analysis of application of PLC in electrical automation control. [J].

Journal of electronic technology and software engineering, 2013,

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电气专业论文文献综述

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