合同翻译参考(众多例句,中英文对照,重点词组解析)

引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,

势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同

提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应

体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的

意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一. hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协

议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.

例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of

the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under

the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立

约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作

为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。

注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此

(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同

(3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工

(4)therein: in the Works在本工程中

(5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价

(as: 关系代词,相当于that, which

(7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照

(8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例

2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available

information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your

request.

注释：（1）hereby：特此

（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知

（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明

（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中

（5）documentary proof：证明文件

参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我

们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

例3： This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co.

(hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and

through amicable consultation.

注释：（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方

（3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上

（4）through amicable consultation：通过友好协商

参考译文：本合同双方， 公司（以下称甲方）与 公司（以下称乙方），在平等互利基础上，通过友好协商，

于 年 月 日在中国 （地点），特签订本合同。

例4： This agreement is hereby made and entered into on (Date), by and between Co. China (hereinafter referred

to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B).

注释：（1）this agreement is hereby made and entered into：特此订立本协议在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”

可用以下4个动词：sign (make, conclude or enter into) this agreement, 按照同义词连用的写作特点，可用上

述4个动词中的两个来表示）。

（2）hereinafter referred to as Party B：以下简称乙方

参考译文：本协议特由中国 公司（以下简称甲方）与 公司（以下简称乙方）于 年 月 日订立。

二 hereof

英文释义: of this

中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的„„”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可

以说“the terms, conditions and provisions hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Contract”；又

如表示本工程的任何部分，可用“any parts hereof”，这里hereof表示“of this Works”。

语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。

hereof和thereof的区别：hereof强调“of this”。例如，上面的“the terms, conditions and provisions

thereof”中的thereof表示of the Contract；“any parts thereof”中的thereof表示of the Works。

例1

Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clau or not, the owner of the goods shall,

without interruption, by day and night, including Sundays and holidays (if required by the carrier),

supply and take delivery of the goods. Provided that the owner of the goods shall be liable for

all loss or damages including demurrage incurred in default on the provisions hereof.

注释：

（1） Whether the custom of the Port is contrary to this Clau or not：不论港口习惯是否与本

款规定相反，whether„ or not：不论„„是否

（2） the owner of the goods：货方

（3） without interruption：无间断地

（4） carrier：承运人

（5） in default on the provisions hereof：违反本款规定 hereof：of this Clau

参考译文：

不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日（如承运人需要），无间断地提

供和提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

例2

Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof,

cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.

注释：

（1） foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者

（2） as mentioned in this Law：本法所称

（3） the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定

（4） legal entity：法人

（5） be engaged in foreign trade dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动

参考译文：

本法所称对外贸易经营者，是指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人和其他组织。

例3

The establishment of a limited liability company or a company limited by shares shall comply with

the conditions and provisions of this Law. A company complying with the conditions and provisions

hereof may be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares. Provided

that if a company fails to comply with the conditions and provisions hereof, the company in question

shall not be registered as a limited liability company or a company limited by shares.

注释：

（1）a limited liability company：有限责任公司

（2）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司

（3）provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof: of this Law

（4）may be registered as：登记为

参考译文：

设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必须符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任

公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。

例4

If, as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons, an arbitrator fails to perform his duties

as an arbitrator, another arbitrator shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof, be lected

or appointed.

注释：

（1） as a result of withdrawal or any other reasons：回避或者其它原因

（2） arbitrator：仲裁员

（3） the provisions hereof：the provisions of this Law 本法规定

（4） be lected or appointed：选定或指定

参考译文：

仲裁员因回避或者其它原因不能履行职责的，应当依照本法规定重新选定或指定仲裁员。

例5

In the event of conflict between the provisions on arbitration formulated and prepared prior to

the effective date of this Law and the provisions of this Law, the provisions hereof shall prevail.

注释：

（1） conflict：相抵触

（2） prior to the effective date of this Law：本法施行前

（3） the provisions hereof shall prevail：以本法为准 hereof：of this Law

参考译文：

本法施行前制定的有关仲裁的规定与本法的规定相抵触的，以本法为准。

例6

Where, in accordance with laws, the circumstance(s) specified in Article 15 and Article 16 of

this Law is /are confirmed, the organization with compensatory obligations shall pay compensation

in any of the circumstance in question.

Where the claimant for compensation demands the confirmation of one of the circumstances specified

in Article 15 and Article 16 hereof, and the demanded organization refus to make the confirmation,

the claimant shall have the right to lodge a complaint. Where the claimant claims compensation,

the claim, shall, first, be lodged to the organization for compensatory obligations.

The provisions of Article 10, Article 11 and Article 12 hereof shall apply to/ in the procedures

of compensation.

注释：

（1） the organization with compensatory obligations：赔偿义务机关

（2） shall pay compensation：应当给予赔偿

（3） the claimant for compensation：赔偿请求人

（4） Article 15 and Article 16 hereof：本法第十五条、第十六条 hereof：of this Law

（5） shall have the right to lodge a complaint：有权申诉

（6） claims compensation：要求赔偿

（7） apply to/ in：适用 More Examples: The comment applies equally here. /That argument does

not apply in this ca. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we e about. /The

remarks apply to every town in this kingdom. /The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.

参考译文：

赔偿义务机关对依法确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定的情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。

赔偿请求人要求确认有本法第十五条、第十六条规定情形之一的，被要求的机关不予确认的，赔偿请求人

有权申诉。赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。赔偿程序适用本法第十条、第十一条、第

十二条的规定。

例7

If an arbitrator involved in one of circumstances specified in Item 4, Article 34 of this Law,

and if it is rious, or tho specified in Item 6, Article 58 hereof, the arbitrator in question

shall, in accordance with the law, bear the legal liability and responsibility. The arbitration

commission shall remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators.

注释：

（1） arbitrator：仲裁员

（2） Article 58 hereof：本法第五十八条 hereof：of this Law

（3） bear the legal liability and responsibility：承担法律责任

（4） the arbitration commission：仲裁委员会

（5） remove the name of the arbitrator in question from the list of arbitrators：将其除名

参考译文：

仲裁员有本法第三十四条第四项规定的情形，情节严重的，或者有本法第五十八条第六项规定的情形的，

应当依法承担法律责任，仲裁委员会应当将其除名。

例8

If, pursuant to this Law, the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals fail

to grant approval to such an application as meets the requirements and provisions hereof, or the

company registration authorities fail to register a company who application meets the

requirements hereof, the party in question may, in accordance with laws, apply for reconsideration

or bring an administrative suit.

注释：

（1） the relevant responsible authorities with the duty of approvals：履行审批职责的有关主管

部门

（2） meets the requirements and provisions hereof：符合本法条件

（3） the company registration authorities：负责公司登记的主管部门

（4） the requirements hereof：本法条件 hereof: of this Law

（5） apply for reconsideration：申请复议

（6） bring an administrative suit：提起行政诉讼

参考译文：

依照本法，履行审批职责的有关主管部门，对符合本法条件的申请不予批准，或负责公司登记的主管部门

不予登记，当事人可以依法申请复议或者提起行政诉讼。

例9

This Decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11

hereof by the staff and workers of enterpris other than limited liability companies and companies

limited by shares.

注释：

（1） the crimes committed：犯罪行为

（2） against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof：犯有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条

规定 hereof: of this Decision

参考译文：

有限责任公司、股份有限公司以外的企业职工有本决定第九条、第十条、第十一条规定的犯罪行为的，适

用本决定。

例10

Companies registered and established prior to the effective date of this Law shall, in accordance

with Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and pursuant to the “Standard Opinion

on Limited Liability Companies” or the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares” issued

by the relevant responsible department of the State Council, continue to exist.

Tho companies not completely satisfying the requirements of this Law shall, within the specified

time limit, meet the requirements hereof. Specific methods for implementation of this Law will

be t out in parate regulations issued by the State Council.

注释：

（1） companies registered：已登记成立的公司

（2） the “Standard Opinion on Limited Liability Companies”：《有限责任公司规范意见》

（3） the “Standard Opinion on Companies Limited by Shares”：《股份有限公司规范意见》

（4） the relevant responsible department of the State Council国务院有关主管部门

（5） in parate regulations issued by the State Council：由国务院另行规定

参考译文：

本法施行前已登记成立的公司，应依照法律、行政法规、地方性法规和国务院有关主管部门制定的《有限

责任公司规范意见》，和《股份有限公司规范意见》，继续保留。其中不完全具备本法规定的条件的，应

当在规定的期限内达到本法规定的条件。具体实施办法，由国务院另行规定。

例11

Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to acts of such business operators as contravene

the provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business

operators, and disturbing the socio-economic order.

注释：

（1） unfair competition：不正当竞争

（2） business operators：经营者

（3） contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定 the provisions hereof：本法规定 hereof：

of this Law

（4） the lawful rights and interests：合法权益

（5） disturbing the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序

参考译文：

本法所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行

为。

三 hereto

英文释义: to this

中文译词:至此，在此上。

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示“本合同双方”，可以说“the

Parties hereto”，这里hereto表示“to this Contract”；表示“本协议附件4”，可用“Appendix 4 hereto”，这里hereto

表示“to this Agreement”。

语法：一般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。

hereto和thereto的区别：同前面所言hereof和thereof的区别类似，hereto强调的是“to this”。

例1

All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be ttled by the

Parties hereto. Should, through negotiations, no ttlement be reached, the ca in question shall then be submitted

for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration

rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of the arbitration shall be final and binding upon the Parties

hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwi awarded by the Arbitration

Commission.

注释：

（1） the performance of this Contract：履行本合同

（2） through amicable negotiations：友好协商

（3） the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Contract本合同双方

（4） shall then be submitted for arbitration：提交进行仲裁

（5） the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing：中国国际经济贸易仲裁委

员会（北京）

（6） the arbitration rules of this Commission：其仲裁规则

（7） the award of the arbitration：仲裁裁决

（8） unless otherwi awarded by the Arbitration Commission：仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外

参考译文：

对于因履行本合同所发生的一切争议，本合同双方应友好协商解决，如协商无法解决争议，则应将争议提

交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会（北京），依据其仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约

束力。仲裁费用应由败诉方承担，但仲裁委员会另有裁定的除外。

例2

“Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are prently owned or will

hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are

permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as

are applicable to or may be ud in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto.

注释：

（1） patented technology：专利技术

（2） patent：专利

（3） application for the patent：专利申请

（4） may have the right to control：可能有权控制的

（5） permitted to be transferred in any or all countries of the world：在世界任何国家许可转让

（6） Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto：本合同双方规定的本合同产品 hereto: to this Contract

参考译文：

“专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的，或乙方有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在

世界任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用制造本合同双方规定的本合同产品的专利和专利申请。

例3

“Technical Documents” means the data and the information specified in Appendix 1 hereto, such as engineering,

manufacturing and original information relating to the manufacture and maintenance of the Contract Products,

including drawings, blueprints, design sheets, material specifications, photographs, photostats and general data,

and design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities. Provided that the

above-mentioned information shall be such information as is only available to Party B and applicable to the

business operation of Party A under this Contract.

注释：

（1） technical documents：技术资料

（2） the data and the information：资料

（3） engineering：工程

（4） manufacturing：制造

（5） original information：原始资料

（6） blueprint：蓝本

（7） design sheets：设计图表

（8） material specifications：材料规格

（9） photostats：影印资料

（10） general data：一般资料

（11） design and their specifications relating to manufacturing euipment, tools and facilities：与制造设备、工

具和装置有关的设计及其说明书

参考译文：

“技术资料”系指列于附件1与制造和维修合同产品有关的工程、制造及原始资料，包括与制造设备、工具

和装置有关的图纸、蓝本、设计图表、材料规格、照片、影印资料和一般资料、设计及其说明书等，但上

述资料仅限于乙方拥有的资料和甲方用于本合同业务活动的资料。

例4

If Party B demands to audit the accounts of Party A, Party B shall, within 10 days after receiving the written notice

issued by Party A under Sub-Clau 3.4 of this Contract, notify Party A of the mater in question. The specific

contents and procedure of auditing accounts are detailed in Appendix 4 hereto.

注释：

（1） audit the accounts of Party A：查核甲方的帐目

（2） Sub-Clau 3.4 of this Contract：本合同第3.4款

（3） the specific contents and procedure of auditing accounts：其具体的查帐内容和程序

（4） Appendix 4 hereto：本合同附件4 hereto：to this Contract

参考译文：

乙方如需查核甲方的帐目时，应在接到甲方依上述本合同第3.4款规定开出的书面通知后10天之内通知甲

方，其具体的查帐内容和程序详见本合同附件4。

例5

The parties to this Agreement agree that either Party hereto shall, immediately and fully, notify the other Party

hereto of any such matters comprising an improvement, modification, further invention or design as the Party in

question may discover, make or develop with respect to manufacture and asmbly of the Licend Products or

components thereof.

The Party discovering, making or developing the subject matter in question may, at its own expen and its own

name, file application for Letter Patent or take other necessary legal steps to protect the same, and any patent

arising therefrom shall belong to the Party in question. The other Party may, during the effective period hereof,

make u of, and ll products utilizing such improvement, modification, further invention or design (whether

patented or un-patented) without charge and royalty fee in any manner consistent with this agreement.

注释：

（1） either Party hereto：本协议各方 （不译成“one Party hereto）。

（2） improvement, modification, further invention or design：改进、修正、更新本发明或设计

（3） discover, make or develop：开发

（4） manufacture and asmbly of the Licend Products or components thereof：生产及装配许可证产品或部

件

（5） file application for Letter Patent：申请专利

（6） take other necessary legal steps to protect the same：其它必要的法律保护程序 the same: Letter Patent

（7） any patent arising therefrom：由此产生的专利

（8） consistent with this agreement：与本协议不相矛盾

参考译文：

本协议各方同意，一方对于有关生产及装配许可证产品或部件所做的改进、修正、更新发明或设计均应立

即全部通知另一方。开发改进的一方可以自负费用并以自身名义申请专利或采取其它必要的法律保护程序，

由此产生的专利将属于该方所有。在本协议的有效期内，另一方可以与本协议不相矛盾的方式无偿使用和

销售利用改进、修正、更新本发明或设计（无论其是否取得专利权）生产的产品。

例6

The Parties to this Agreement agree that Y shall supply to FCAM certain licen and technical assistance for

manufacturing Products. The Technical Assistance Agreement to be concluded between FCAM and Y shall be

deemed to be an attachment as Appendix 2 hereto (hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Assistance

Agreement”).

注释：

（1） certain licen and technical assistance for manufacturing Products：有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务

（2） the technical assistance agreement：技术服务协议

（3） Appendix 2 hereto：本协议附件2 hereto：to this Agreement

参考译文：

本协议双方同意Y将向FCAM提供有关生产产品的许可证和技术服务，FCAM和Y将订立技术服务协议

并作为本协议附件2（以下称作“技术服务协议”）。

例7

The Parties to this Agreement agree and ensure that FCAM will, to the maximum extent practicably possible, u

the forms required by Y for such data on management and financial information as are given by FCAM to the

Parties hereto, and that FCAM shall prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books available for

inspection or audit by either Party hereto.

注释：

（1） to the maximum extent practicably possible：尽实际可能最大限度地

（2） data on management and financial information：管理和财务信息材料

（3） prepare and keep accounting and financial records and books：建好会计和财务帐目

（4） available for inspection or audit by either Party hereto：以备本协议各方的检查或审计 either Party hereto：

either Party to this Agreement本协议双方 inspection：检查 audit：审计

参考译文：

本协议双方同意保证FCAM将尽实际可能最大限度地使用Y所要求的表格式样，用于FCAM向协议各方

提供管理和财务信息材料；并且FCAM应建好会计和财务帐目以备协议双方的检查或审计。

例8

The Parties to this Agreement agree that the Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto to administrate or

manage FCAM shall be responsible for approving the overall business management plan of the company, and

monitoring the execution of the plan in question. Provided that the business management plan in question shall be

submitted to the Parties hereto for review and approval.

注释：

（1） Board of Directors authorized by the Parties hereto：本协议双方授权的董事会 hereto：to this Agreement

（2） to administrate or manage FCAM：管理FCAM administrate：行政管理 manage：业务管理

（3） the overall business management plan of the company：公司整体经营计划

（4） monitor the execution of the plan in question：监督该计划的执行

（5） review and approval：审阅和批准

参考译文：

本协议双方同意授权管理FCAM的董事会对公司整体经营计划的报批和监督执行负责。该经营计划需要提

交协议双方审阅和批准。

例9

The Parties to this Agreement agree, and will cau FCAM to agree, that Y will ll to FCAM, and FCAM will buy

from Y, all such specialized machinery and equipment as is determined through mutual consultation by and

between Y and FCAM for the effective utilization of the technical know-how supplied by Y to FCAM under the

Technical Assistance Agreement at such prices and on such terms and conditions as are determined by and between

the Parties hereto.

注释：

（1） specialized machinery and equipment：特定机器设备 equipment：（单数形式）设备

（2） determined through mutual consultation：协商决定

（3） the effective utilization of the technical know-how：有效使用技术诀窍

（4） terms and conditions：条件

（5） (such…) as：作关系代词，意为which, that

参考译文：

本协议双方同意并将使FCAM同意Y将向FCAM出售，FCAM从Y购买经过Y和FCAM协商决定的特

定机器设备，以保证根据技术服务协议由Y向FCAM提供的技术诀窍得到有效使用，并以协议双方同意的

价格和条件成交。

例10

The termination of this Contract shall not in any way affect the outstanding claims and liabilities existing between

the Parties hereto upon the expiration of the validity of the Contract and the debtor shall continue to be kept liable

for paying the outstanding debts to the creditor.

注释：

（1） the termination of this Contract：本合同期满

（2） outstanding claims and liabilities：未了债务

（3） debtor：债务人

（4） creditor：债权人

参考译文：

本合同期满时，双方之间发生的未了债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续支付未了债务

四 herein 英文释义:in this 中文译词:此中，于此用法:表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的……，本法（中）

的……”等时，使用该词。如表示“本法（中）所称的不正当竞争”，可译为“unfair competition mentioned herein”，

此处herein表示“in this Law”；表示“本协议（中）内容”，译为“the Contents herein”，此处herein表示“in this

Agreement”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词.

例1 Unfair competition mentioned in this Law refers to such acts of business operators as contravene the

provisions hereof, with a result of damaging the lawful rights and interests of other business operators, and

disturbing the socio-economic order. Business operators mentioned herein refer to such legal persons, other

economic organizations and individuals as engage in the trading of goods or profit-making rvices (hereafter

called Goods including rvices).

注释：（1） unfair competition：不正当竞争（2） mentioned in this Law：本法所称（3） refer to：是指（4）

contravene the provisions hereof：违反本法规定（5） damage the lawful rights and interests of other business

operators：损害其他经营者的合法权益（6） disturb the socio-economic order：扰乱社会经济秩序（7） business

operators mentioned herein：本法所称的经营者 herein：in this Law （8） engage in the trading of goods or

profit-making rvices：从事商品经营或营利性服务 engage in：从事，be engaged in：忙于参考译文：本法

所称的不正当竞争，是指经营者违反本法规定，损害其他经营者的合法权益，扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。

本法所称的经营者，是指从事商品经营或营利性服务（以下所称商品包括服务）的法人、其他经济组织和

个人。

例2 This Law is hereby formulated and prepared in order to develop the foreign trade, maintain the foreign trade

order and promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy. Foreign trade mentioned herein shall

cover the import and export of goods, technology and the international trade in rvices.

注释：（1） this Law is hereby formulated and prepared：兹制定本法（2） maintain the foreign trade order：

维护对外贸易秩序（3） promote the healthy development of the socialist market economy：促进社会主义市场

经济的健康发展（4） foreign trade mentioned herein：本法所称对外贸易 herein：in this Law （5） the

international trade in rvices：国际服务贸易参考译文：为了发展对外贸易，维护对外贸易秩序，促进社会

主义市场经济的健康发展，兹制定本法。本法所称对外贸易，是指货物进出口、技术进出口和国际服务贸

易。

例3 The term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited

by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law.

注释：（1） mentioned herein：mentioned in this Law 本法所称（2） limited liability company：有限责任公

司（3） company limited by shares：股份有限公司（4） within the territory of China：在中国境内参考译文：

本法所称公司是指依照本法在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司。

例4 Illegal gains from the crimes as specified in this Decision shall, if any, be confiscated. Where tho commit

crimes against the provisions herein, with their illegal gains to be confiscated, a fine impod on, their property

forfeited and a civil compensation assumed by, and their property and asts are insufficient for the payments of all

the above items, they shall first be liable for the civil compensation.

注释：（1） illegal gains：违法所得（2） shall be confiscated：应当予以没收（3） the provisions herein：the

provisions in this Decision 本决定规定（4） illegal gains to be confiscated：被没收违法所得（5） a fine impod

on：判处罚金（6） property forfeited：没收财产（7） a civil compensation assumed by：承担民事赔偿责任

参考译文：犯本决定规定之罪有违法所得的，应当予以没收。犯本决定规定之罪，被没收违法所得、判处

罚金、没收财产、承担民事责任的，其财产不足以支付时，先承担民事赔偿责任。

例5 The terms “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade

Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwi specified

herein (in this Contract).

注释：（1） （1）“FOB”（free on board）(…Named port of shipment)：船上交货（…<指定装运港>）（2） （2）

“CFR”（Cost and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本加运费（…<指定目的港>）（3） （3）“CIF”

（Cost, Insurance and Freight）(…Named port of destination)：成本、保险费加运费（……<指定目的港>）（4）

（4）the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000)：《国际贸易术语解释

通则（INCOTERMS）2000》

参考译文：除非本合同另有规定，“FOB”、“CFR”和“CIF”均应依照国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通

则（INCOTERMS）2000》办理。

例6 Unless otherwi expressly provided for herein, if all disputes, controversies or differences arising out of or in

relation to the execution of this Agreement between the Parties hereto, or any breach or default of the provisions

hereof (including but not limited to, a dispute concerning the existence or continued existence of this Agreement,

and the validity of the Arbitration Clau) fail to be ttled amicably, the disputes, controversies or differences in

question shall be submitted for arbitration.

注释：（1） unless otherwi expressly provided for herein：除非另有明确表示 herein：in this Agreement （2）

dispute：争议（3） controversy：纠纷（4） difference：歧意（5） the Parties hereto：the Parties to this Agreement

本协议双方（6） any breach or default of the provisions hereof：任何违约及过失（7） including but not limited

to：包括，但不限于（8） the validity of the Arbitration Clau：仲裁条款有效性 arbitration clau 仲裁条款

参考译文：除非另有明确表示，则由于执行本协议所引发或与本协议有关的协议双方的所有争议、纠纷或

歧意，以及任何违约及过失（包括，但不限于有关本协议存续的争议，仲裁条款有效性的争议），如不能以

友好协商的方式解决，则提交仲裁。

例7 The Agent shall, pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified herein, on the Disburment Date, credit

the funds received to such account as is specified by the Borrower under Sub-Clau 2.2 of this Contract.

注释：（1） the Agent：correspondent bank 代理行（2） pursuant to the conditions and provisions specified

herein：按照本合同规定的条件 herein：in this Contract （3） on the Disburment Date：在付款日（4） credit

the funds received：贷记入所收资金（5） the Borrower：借款人

参考译文：代理行应按照本合同规定的条件，在付款日将所收资金贷记入借款人根据2.2款指定的帐户。

例8 All the rights provided for herein (in this Contract) shall be cumulative and shall not be exclusive of any other

rights, powers, privileges or remedies provided for by laws.

注释：（1） cumulative：累加的（2） shall not be exclusive of：并不排除（3） privilege：特权（4） remedy：

补救方法（5） provided for by laws：法律规定的

参考译文：本合同规定的各项权利是累加的，并不排除法律规定的其它权利、权力、特权或补救方法。

例9 Now Therefore, under the consideration of the mutual promis made by the Parties to this Agreement, the

Parties hereto agree the contents herein as follows:

注释：（1） Now Therefore：据此（2） the consideration：对价。对价是对一项允诺（promi）的回报。

例如，甲方允诺向乙方提供若干数量的货物，乙方同意付给甲方一定数目的货款，该货款便构成甲方允诺

的对价。在经过要约（offer）与承诺（acceptance）的基础上，只有那些拥有对价的允诺才被认作合同，得

到法律的保护和执行。（3） the contents herein：本协议内容 herein：in this Agreement

参考译文：据此，以本协议双方相互承诺为对价，就下述内容达成一致：

例10 The Borrower shall, under this Agreement and the Note, fulfill the obligations of making all payments. All

the reimburments to the Bank shall be free and clear of any other charges and exempt from all taxes and such

reimburments as are received by the Bank will not be subject to taxes. The Borrower shall, under this Agreement,

pay all taxes as provided for herein.

注释：（1） the obligations of making all payments：支付义务（2） reimburment：偿付（3） be free and clear

of any other charges：不附带其它费用（4） exempt from all taxes：是免税的（5） pay all taxes as provided for

herein：承担全部本协议规定的税务 herein：in this Agreement

参考译文：借款人应按照本协议和票据完成所有支付义务。向银行的偿付应是不附带其它费用并且是免税

的，而且银行所收到的偿付款项不含任何税务。借款人应按本协议承担全部本协议规定的税务。

五 hereinafter 英文释义:later in the same Contract 中文译词:以下,在下文语法:一般与referred to as, called等

词组连用，以避免重复，置于这些词组前面，与之紧邻。

例1： In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chine-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures

and the Contract signed by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as

Party B), the articles of association hereby is formulated and prepared.

注释：（1） in accordance with：under 根据（2） Law of the People’s Republic of China on Chine-Foreign Equity

Joint Ventures：中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法（3） Hereinafter：以下（4） articles of association：

合营公司章程（条款）（5） hereby：特此（6） formulate：prepare 制订

参考译文：根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》以及由 公司（以下称甲方）与 公司（以下称乙

方）所订的合资经营的合同，特制订本公司章程。

例2 Financial institutions with foreign capital mentioned in the Regulations refer to the following financial

institutions that are established and operate in China upon approval in accordance with the relevant laws and

regulations of the People’s Republic of China: (1) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital who head

offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign banks); (2) branches of foreign bank in China (hereinafter

referred to as foreign bank branches); (3) banks incorporated jointly by foreign and Chine financial institutions

(hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture banks); (4) finance companies incorporated by foreign capital who

head offices are in China (hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies); and (5) finance companies

incorporated jointly by foreign and Chine financial institutions (hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture

finance companies).

注释： (1) financial institution：金融机构 (2) subsidiary banks incorporated by foreign capital who head offices

are in China：总行在中国境内的外国资本银行。在中译英时，这里的“外国资本银行”，应理解成“外资银行

的子银行”，英文为subsidiary banks，而不能简单地译成foreign banks，因为很少有一家外国银行把自己的

总部搬到国外，但在境外设立子银行、子公司是经常的。 (3) hereinafter referred to as foreign banks：以下简

称外资银行。 (4) hereinafter referred to as foreign bank branches：以下简称外资银行分行。 (5) finance

company：财务公司，这里应理解为金融公司，是指在商业银行以外的专门从事抵押放款业务的金融企业。

如果中文为会计事务所，则要译成：accounting firm (6) hereinafter referred to as foreign finance companies：

以下简称外资财务公司 (7) hereinafter referred to as equity joint-venture finance companies：以下简称合资财

务公司

参考译文：本条例所称外资金融机构，是指依照中华人民共和国有关法律、法规的规定，经批准在中国境

内设立和营业的下列金融机构：（一）总行在中国境内的外国资本银行（以下简称外资银行）（二）外国银

行在中国境内的分行（以下简称外资银行分行）（三）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经

营的银行（以下简称合资银行）（四）总公司在中国境内的外国资本的财务公司（以下简称外资财务公司）

（五）外国的金融机构同中国的金融机构在中国境内合资经营的财务公司（以下简称合资财务公司）

例3 When existing Chine-foreign equity joint ventures, Chine-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly

foreign-owned enterpris (hereinafter referred to as “enterpris with foreign investment”) apply to reorganize

themlves into a company, the enterpris with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the

recent three concutive years.

注释： (1) existing Chine-foreign equity joint ventures：已设立的中外合资经营企业，即现有的中外合资经

营企业 (2) Chine-foreign cooperative joint venture：中外合作经营企业 (3) wholly foreign-owned enterpris：

外资企业 (4) hereinafter referred to as “enterpris with foreign investment”：以下简称外商投资企业 (5) shall

have a record of making profits：应有盈利纪录

参考译文：已设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业，外资企业（以下称为外商投资企业），如申请

转变为公司的，应有最近连续3年的盈利纪录。

例4 To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor shall submit the following documents

to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC) for examination

and approval after the examination and connt obtained from the foreign trade and economic cooperation

authorities of the related province, autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or

the municipalities specifically (parately) listed in the State Economic Plan in which the investment company is to

be located.

注释：（1） the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as MOFTEC)：对

外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）（2） the foreign trade and economic cooperation authorities：外经贸

部门（3） municipalities directly under the Central Government：直辖市（4） the municipalities specifically

(parately) listed in the State Economic Plan：计划单列市

参考译文：申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计

划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。

例5 The Regulations are formulated and prepared in accordance with the Company Law of the People’s

Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Company Law) in order to affirm the qualifications of enterpri

legal persons of companies and standardize the registration activities of companies.

注释：（1） the Regulations are formulated and prepared：制定本条例 prepare：制定（2） the Company Law

of the People’s Republic of China：《中华人民共和国公司法》（3） hereinafter referred to as the Company Law：

以下简称《公司法》（4） to affirm the qualifications of enterpri legal persons of companies：确认公司的企业

法人资格（5） standardize the registration activities of companies：规范公司登记行为

参考译文：为了确认公司的企业法人资格，规范公司登记行为，依据《中华人民共和国公司法》（以下简称

《公司法》），制定本条例。

例6 In order to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange, to absorb foreign

investment and to promote the development of socialist market economy, foreign companies, enterpris and other

economic organizations or individuals (hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders) and Chine companies,

enterpris and other economic organizations (hereinafter referred to as Chine shareholders) may, within the

territory of China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, incorporate themlves into a company limited

by shares with foreign investment (hereinafter referred to as the Company).

注释：（1） to further expand international economic co-operation and technological exchange：进一步扩大国际

经济合作和技术交流（2） to absorb foreign investment：引进外资（3） to promote the development of socialist

market economy：促进社会主义市场经济的发展（4） hereinafter referred to as foreign shareholders：以下简

称外国股东 foreign shareholders：外国股东（5） hereinafter referred to as Chine shareholders：以下简称中

国股东（6） within the territory of China：在中国境内（7） a company limited by shares with foreign investment：

外商投资股份有限公司

参考译文：为进一步扩大国际经济合作和技术交流，引进外资，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，外国的公

司、企业和其他经济组织或个人（以下简称外国股东），按照平等互利的原则，可与中国的公司、企业或其

他经济组织（以下简称中国股东）在中国境内共同举办外商投资股份有限公司（以下简称公司）。

例7 In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce foreign advanced technology and

managerial experti, foreign investors are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to as

“investment company”) in China in accordance with the Chine laws and regulations governing foreign

investment and the Regulations.

注释：（1） to introduce foreign advanced technology and managerial experti：引进国外先进技术和管理经验

（2） to establish investment company：设立投资公司（3） hereinafter referred to as “investment company”：

以下简称投资公司（4） the Chine laws and regulations governing foreign investment：中国有关外国投资的

法律、法规

参考译文：为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关

外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资公司（以下简称投资公司）。

例8 The Detailed Rules shall apply to the resident reprentative offices t up within the territory of the

People’s Republic of China by foreign traders, manufacturers, shipping agents, contractors, consultant companies,

advertising agencies, investment companies, leasing companies and other economic entities (hereinafter called

“foreign enterpris”).

注释：（1） the Detailed Rules：本实施细则（2） apply （to）：vi. 适用于 More Examples：The rules of safe

driving apply to everyone. /That applies to at least nine-tenths of the people we e about. /That argument does not

apply in this ca. /The comment applies equally here. （3） the resident reprentative offices：常驻代表机构

（4） shipping agents：货运代理商（5） consultant company：咨询公司（6） advertising agency：广告公

司（7） leasing company：租赁公司（8） hereinafter called “foreign enterpris”：以下简称外国企业

参考译文：本实施细则适用于外国贸易商、制造厂商、货运代理商、承包商、咨询公司、广告公司、投资

公司、租赁公司和其他经济贸易组织（以下简称外国企业）在中华人民共和国境内设立的常驻代表机构。

例9 A foreign enterpri applying for the establishment of its resident reprentative office in the territory of the

People’s Republic of China shall, upon approval and connt by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic

Cooperation or its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations (hereinafter called the

“Examination-Approval Authorities) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the

Central Government and the municipalities specifically (parately) listed in the State Economic Plan, register with

the State Administration for Industry and Commerce or its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce

(hereinafter called the “registration authorities) of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under

the Central Government and the municipalities specifically (parately) listed in the State Economic Plan.

注释：（1） its authorized Commissions for Foreign Trade and Economic Relations：其授权的对外经济贸易委

员会（2） hereinafter called the “Examination-Approval Authorities：以下简称审批机关 Examination-Approval

Authorities：审批机关（3） register with：办理登记手续（4） the State Administration for Industry and Commerce：

国家工商行政管理局（5） its authorized Administrations for Industry and Commerce：其授权的（各省、自治

区、直辖市及计划单列市）工商行政管理局

参考译文：外国企业申请在中华人民共和国境内成立常设代表机构，应经对外贸易经济合作部或其授权的

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市对外经济贸易委员会（厅）（以下简称审批机关）批准，并在中华人民

共和国国家工商行政管理局或其授权的各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市工商行政管理局（以下简称登

记机关）办理登记手续。

六 therein

英文释义:in that; in that particular; in that respect

中文译词:在那里；在那点上，在那方面

用法:在表示上文已提及的“合同中的……，工程中的……”等时使用。例如表示“修补工程中的缺陷”：“the

remedying of any defects therein”，此处therein表示“in the Works”；表示“用于工程中的材料或机械设备”：

“materials or plant for incorporation therein”，这里的therein表示“in the Works”。

语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。

例1

“Temporary Works” means all temporary works of every kind (other than the Contractor’s Equipment) required in

or about the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein.

注释：

(1) Temporary Works：临时工程，是指为永久工程服务的工程，永久工程建成后应予以拆除。建造临时工程

的费用，按国际FIDIC合同条件规定，应由承包人负责。

(2) Defects：缺陷，表示工程施工出现的问题，即工程本身存在的问题，而不是因业主使用不当造成的。

(3) the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of any defects therein：工程施工、竣工和修补

工程中任何缺陷。建造一项工程一般分成两个阶段进行，工程设计、施工、竣工为第一阶段，修补工程中

任何缺陷为第二阶段，因此此句中的第一个and是对的，表示建造工程的两个阶段。

参考译文：

临时工程是指在工程施工、竣工和修补工程中任何缺陷时需要或与上述工程阶段有关的所有各种临时工程，

但承包人的设备除外。

例2

The contractor shall not, without the prior connt of the Employer, assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any

benefit or interest therein or thereunder, otherwi than by:

注释：

（1） the prior connt of the Employer：业主的事先同意 注意：connt只有单数形式，表示同意

（2） assign：转让

（3） therein：in the contract；thereunder：under the contract

（4） otherwi than by：但下列情况除外。也可写成：unless otherwi specified in the following circumstances:

参考译文：

没有业主的事先同意，承包人不得将合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好处进行

转让，但下列情况除外：

例3

This Note means the Note mentioned in the Loan Agreement and is entitled to all the benefits provided therein.

This refers to the rights and obligations therein of advance payments, default and acceleration of the maturity in

the event of default.

注释：

（1） Note：期票，即借据，票据

（2） loan agreement：贷款协议

（3） be entitled to all the benefits：享有（贷款协议规定的）全部利益

（4） advance payment：预付

（5） default：违约

（6） in the event of default：因违约

参考译文：

本期票是贷款协议中所指的期票，享有贷款协议规定的全部利益，是指贷款协议中规定的预付、违约及因

违约提前到期的权利和义务。

例4

A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form t forth in Appendix 4, and the

attachments specified therein.

注释：

（1）a certificate of the borrower：借款人说明书

（2）comply with：遵照

（3）the attachments specified therein：附录4规定的附件 therein：in Appendix 4

参考译文：

借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵照附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。

例5

If, at any time, an exemption shall be obtained from any such prent or future taxes of any nature whatsoever

impod by local authorities or any political subdivision or taxing authorities thereof or therein as shall, under the

Contract, be due in respect of any payment or payments, the Borrower shall promptly deliver to the Agent a copy

of the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question.

注释：

（1） exemption：免征税款

（2） local authorities：地方当局

（3） any political subdivision：任何下属政府分支机构

（4） taxing authorities thereof or therein：地方当局的税收当局 therein：in local authorities

（5） under the Contract：根据合同规定

（6） shall be due：应予以征收的

（7） the certified documents evidencing the exemption in question：证明上述免税文件 in question：上述

参考译文：

任何时候，如果由当地或其任何政府分支机构或税收当局，对任何根据合同规定所支付费用应予以征收的

税款，不论什么性质，现在或将来，凡可以免征的，借款人应及时向代理行递交一份证明上述免税文件的

副本。

例6

Where enterpris with foreign investment were registered with the State Administration for Industry and

Commerce before the promulgation of the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China for Enterpris with

Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterpris (hereinafter called the Tax Law), the enterpri in question shall pay

income tax at the rates provided for therein.

注释：

（1） the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China for Enterpris with Foreign Investment and Foreign

Enterpris：中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法。

（2） at the rates provided for therein：按税法规定的税率 therein：in the Tax Law

参考译文：

在《中华人民共和国外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》（以下简称税法）公布前已经办理工商登记的外商

投资企业，该企业应按税法规定的税率缴纳所得税。

例7

Where the Borrower has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement, to make the borrowings, to execute

and deliver the Note and to incur the obligations provided for in this Agreement and therein, all the actions in

question shall, properly and necessarily, be authorized by legal persons.

注释：

（1） the Borrower：借款人

（2） to make the borrowings：借贷资金

（3） to execute and deliver the Note：签署票据

（4） to incur the obligations provided for in this Agreement and therein：承担由此产生的义务 therein：in the

Note

（5） all the actions in question：上述全部行为

（6） legal person：法人

参考译文：

借款人有充分的权力订立本协议，借贷资金、签署票据并承担由此而产生的义务，上述全部行为均应经法

人适当和必需的授权。

例8

The Leae shall, at his own expen, keep the commodity in good condition. Provided that the Leasor shall be

responsible for the breakdown of the commodity and the Leae may have the right to lodge claims against the

Leasor for any loss occurred therein.

注释：

（1） leae：承租人

（2） keep the commodity in good condition：维持商品的良好状况

（3） provided that：除非，表示进一步规定

（4） leasor：出租人

（5） to lodge claims against the Leasor：向出租人提出赔偿

（6） any loss occurred therein：因此所遭受的损失 therein：in the above-mentioned matters指出租商品出

现的故障

参考译文：

承租人必须自负费用维持商品的良好状况；除非由出租人对商品的故障负责，承租人则有权向出租人提出

赔偿因之所遭受的损失。

例9

When documents other than transport documents, insurance documents and commercial invoices are required, the

credit shall provide for the following items, such as, the persons (drawers) by whom the documents in question are

to be issued and the wording therein or data content thereof. If the credit fails to so stipulate, and the data content

in the documents prented makes it possible to relate to the goods and/ or rvices referred to in the credit, banks

will accept such documents as prented.

注释：

（1） documents：shipping documents货运单据

（2） transport documents：运输单据

（3） insurance documents：insurance policies保险单据

（4） commercial invoice：商业发票

（5） the credit：the letter of credit 信用证

（6） drawer：出单人

（7） the wording therein：the wording in the documents 其措辞

（8） data content thereof：data content of the documents 项目内容

（9） referred to in the credit：信用证中所述的

参考译文：

当信用证要求运输单据、保险单据和商业发票以外的单据时，信用证应规定该单据的出单人及其措辞或项

目内容。如信用证虽无此规定，但提交的单据的项目内容可能证实与信用证中所述的货物及/或服务有关联，

则银行将予接受。

例10

If any loss or damage happens to the Works, or any part thereof, or materials or Plant for incorporation therein,

during the period for which the Contractor is responsible for the care thereof, from any cau whatsoever, other

than the risks defined in Sub-Clau 20.4, the Contractor shall, at his own cost, rectify such loss or damage so that

the Permanent Works conform in every respect with the provisions of the Contract to the satisfaction of the

Engineer.

注释：

（1） loss or damage：损失与损坏 注：loss与damage同义，同义词连用是合同文件语言特点之一。

（2） any part thereof：any part of the Works 工程中的任何一部分 thereof：of the Works

（3） for incorporation therein：ud in the Works 用于工程中的 for incorporation in：ud in 应译成“用于（工

程）中”，而不能译成“进入工程” therein：in the Works 工程中

（4） at one’s own cost：自费

（5） rectify：弥补，纠正

（6） Permanent Works：永久工程

（7） to the satisfaction of the Engineer：达到工程师满意的程度

参考译文：

在承包人负责照管工程期间，如果工程或其任何部分或材料或用于工程中的设备，除第20.4款所规定的风

险外，不管由于任何原因而遭受损失或损坏，承包人应自费弥补此类损失或损坏，以使永久工程在各方面

均符合合同的规定，并达到工程师满意的程度。

七. thereof 英文释义: of that, of it 中文译词:由此,其用法:在表示已提及的“人或事的……”时，为避免重复，

可使用该词，比如表示“合同条件、条款”时，可译为“the terms, conditions and provisions thereof”，此处的

thereof表示“of the Contract”；表示“工程任何部分”，可译为“any parts thereof”，这里的thereof表示“of the

Works”。语法：置于所修饰词后,紧邻修饰词。

例1： When the Buyer is entitled to determine the time within a specified period and /or the place of taking

delivery, the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice thereof.

注释：（1） be entitled to determine：有权确定（2） the time within a specified period and /or the place of taking

delivery：提取货物的时间和/或地点（3） the notice thereof：有关这方面的通知 thereof：of the above-mentioned

matters, that is, the time and the place of taking delivery.

参考译文：买方有权确定在规定期限内提取货物的时间和/或地点时，应给卖方有关这方面的通知。

例2 The collection of tax or the cessation thereof, the reduction, exemption and refund of tax as well as the

payment of tax unpaid shall, in accordance with the provisions of the relevant law, be implemented. Provided that

if the State Council is authorized by the law to formulate and prepare the relevant provisions of the regulations, the

provisions in question shall be implemented and complied with.

注释：（1） the collection of tax：税收的开征（2） the cessation thereof：税收的停征 thereof：of tax （3）

the reduction, exemption and refund of tax as well as the payment of tax unpaid：减税、免税、退税、补税（4）

the State Council：国务院（5） to formulate and prepare the relevant provisions of the regulations：制定的行政

法规规定 prepare：制定

参考译文：税收的开征、停征以及减税、免税、退税、补税，依照法律的规定执行；法律授权国务院规定

的，依照国务院制定的行政法规的规定执行。

例3 The Party applying for arbitration shall submit to an arbitration commission the arbitration agreement, the

application for arbitration and the copies thereof.

注释：（1） the Party applying for arbitration：当事人申请仲裁（是指申请仲裁的当事人）（2） arbitration

commission：仲裁委员会（3） arbitration agreement：仲裁协议（4） application for arbitration：仲裁申请

书（5） the copies thereof：the copies of the application for arbitration 仲裁申请书副本

参考译文：当事人申请仲裁，应当向仲裁委员会递交仲裁协议、仲裁申请书及副本。

例4 “Tests on Completion” means such tests specified in the Contract or otherwi agreed by and between the

Engineer and the Contractor as shall be made by the Contractor before the Employer takes over the Works or any

ction or part thereof.

注释：（1） Tests on Completion：竣工检验（2） otherwi agreed：另行商定（3） Employer takes over the

Works：业主接收工程（4） any ction or part thereof：工程任何部分、区段 thereof：of the Works

参考译文：竣工检验指合同规定的或由工程师与承包人另行商定的检验。这些检验是由承包人在业主接收

工程或工程任何部分、区段之前进行的。

例5 The collection order shall give specific instructions regarding the protest (or shall take other legal process in

lieu thereof), in the event of non-acceptance or non-payment. In the abnce of such specific instructions, the

banks concerned with the collection shall have no obligation to provide the protest (or to take other legal process in

lieu thereof) when the banks in question experience non-acceptance and non-payment. Any charges and /or

expens incurred by the banks in connection with such protest or other legal process shall be borne by the

principal.

注释：（1） the collection order：托收指示（2） the protest：拒绝证书（3） in lieu thereof：代替拒绝证书 thereof：

of the protest （4） non-acceptance or non-payment：拒绝承兑或拒绝付款（5） the banks concerned with the

collection：与托收有关的各银行（6） experience non-acceptance and non-payment：遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付

款（7） the principal：委托人

参考译文：托收指示应对于在遭到拒绝承兑或拒绝付款时，是否需要作出拒绝证书（或采取其它替代法律

手续）给予特别指示。如无此项特别指示，与托收有关的各银行在遭到拒绝付款或拒绝承兑时，并无义务

作出拒绝证书（或采取其它替代法律手续）。银行由于作出拒绝证书或采取其它法律手续而发生的手续费或

费用概由委托人负担。

例6 If the Seller makes the specification himlf, he shall inform the Buyer of the details thereof and shall

determine a reasonable time within which the Buyer may make a different specification. If, after receipt of the

communication in question, the Buyer fails to do so within the time so determined, the specification made by the

Seller shall be binding.

注释: （1） makes the specification：订明规格（2） the details thereof：the details of the specification规格的

细节（3） the communication in question：该通知（4） shall be binding：应具有约束力

参考译文：如果卖方自己制订规格，他必须将所制订的规格的细节通知买方，而且必须规定一段合理时间，

让买方可以在该段时间内制订出不同的规格。如果买方在收到该通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，则卖方

所订的规格应具有约束力。

例7 This Law shall apply to limited liability companies with foreign investment. Unless otherwi specified by the

laws on Sino-foreign equity joint venture enterpris, Sino-foreign co-operative joint venture enterpris and

wholly foreign-owned enterpris, the provisions thereof shall apply to them.

注释：（1） apply to (sb.)：适用（2） limited liability companies with foreign investment：外商投资的有限责

任公司（3） Sino-foreign equity joint venture enterpri：中外合资经营企业（4） Sino-foreign co-operative joint

venture enterpri：中外合作经营企业（5） wholly foreign-owned enterpri：外资企业

参考译文：外商投资的有限责任公司适用本法，有关中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业的

法律另有规定的，适用其规定。

例8 “Time for Completion” means such time for completing the execution of the Works and passing the Tests on

Completion of the Works or any Section or part thereof as is specified in the Contract from the Commencement

Date.

注释：（1） time for completion：竣工时间（2） the execution of the Works：施工（3） any Section or part

thereof：工程的任何部分或区段，thereof：of the Works

参考译文：竣工时间是指合同规定从工程开工日期算起到工程或其任何部分或区段施工结束并且通过竣工

检验的时间。

例9 The Employer shall, prior to the submission by the Contractor of the Tender, have made available to the

Contractor, such data on hydrological and subsurface conditions as have been obtained by the Employer or the

Reprentative on behalf of the Employer from the investigations into the Works provided that the Contractor shall

be responsible for his own interpretation thereof.

注释：（1） make available to the Contractor….：向承包人提供…… （2） data on hydrological and subsurface

conditions：水文地质资料（3） his own interpretation thereof：自己对上述资料的解释 thereof：of the data

参考译文：在承包人提交投标书之前，业主应向承包人提供由业主或业主代表根据对该项工程的勘察所取

得的水文地质资料，但是承包人应对他自己对上述资料的解释负责。

例10 If this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such drawings, transparencies, specifications,

and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are supplied by Party A, including all the copies

thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party B shall cea to manufacture the said Licend Products or

Components, or parts of the Licend Products.

注释：（1） this Agreement is terminated：本协议终止（2） transparency：图片（3） specifications：规格（4）

any other manufacturing or engineering information：其它全部生产和操作资料（5） the said Licend Products：

上述许可证产品

参考译文：如本协议因任何理由而终止，所有由甲方提供的图纸、图片、规格以及其它全部生产和操作资

料，包括全部复制品，均返还甲方，同时，乙方应停止生产上述许可证产品、或部件、或零件。

八. thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder

1) thereafter: after that此后；之后

2）thereto: to that 随附；附之

3）therewith: with that 与此；与之

4）therefor: for that 因之；为此

5）thereunder: under that 在其下；依照

用法: 本节提及的各词，其用法与上面七节谈及的一样，主要强调的是“that”。如果强调的是“this”，则要用

hereafter, hereto, herewith和hereof等。

语法：紧接所修饰词之后。

例1：

The decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final, and the judgment on the decision and award in

question may, under the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court having jurisdiction. The

parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal.

注释：

（1） decision and award of the arbitration tribunal：仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决

（2） the judgment：司法判决

（3） any court having jurisdiction：有管辖权的法院 jurisdiction：管辖权

（4） the parties thereto：合同双方 thereto：to the Contract

（5） in good faith：以良好诚信的态度

参考译文：

仲裁庭的仲裁决定或裁决是终局的，任何一方可以要求任何有管辖权的法院对此作出司法判决。双方须以

良好诚信的态度遵守仲裁庭的决定。

例2：

"Patented Technology” means such letters patent, and application therefore as are prently owned or acquired in

the future by Party B and /or as Party B has or may have the right to control or grant licen thereof during the

effective period of this Contract in any or all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be ud in the

manufacture of this Contract Products.

注释：

（1） patented technology：专利技术

（2） letters patent：专利证，专利

（3） application therefore：专利申请

（4） grant licen thereof：许可转让

（5） during the effective period of this Contract：本合同有效期间

（6） are applicable to or may be ud in the manufacture of this Contract Products：适用于或可能适用于制

造本合同产品

参考译文：

“专利技术”，系指乙方目前拥有的或未来获得的和/或有权或可能有权控制的，或在本合同有效期间在世界

任何国家许可转让的，适用于或可能适用于制造本合同产品的专利和专利申请。

例3：

“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements

and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto.

注释：

（1） Contract Products：合同产品

（2） Appendix 2 to this Contract：本合同附件2

（3） together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto：及其改

进发展的产品 thereof：of the Contract Products；thereto：to the Contract Products

参考译文：

“合同产品”，系指本合同附件2中规定的产品及其改进发展的产品。

例4：

“Specifications” means the specifications of the Works included in the Contract and such any modification thereof

or addition thereto as are made under Clau 95 or as are submitted by the Contractor and approved by the

Engineer.

注释：

（1） specifications：规范

（2） any modification thereof or addition thereto：对规范的任何修改或增补 thereof：of the Specifications；

thereto：to the Specifications

（3） under Clau 95：根据第95条规定

参考译文：

规范是指合同中包括的工程规范，以及根据第95条规定的或由承包商提出并经工程师批准的对规范的任何

修改或增补。

例5：

The Defects Liability Certificate for the Works shall, within 28 days after the expiration of the Defects Liability

Period, be issued by the Engineer, or, if different defects liability periods become applicable to different Section or

parts of the Permanent Works, the expiration of the latest such period, or if, pursuant to Clau 82, any works

instructed are completed to the satisfaction of the Engineer, the Defects Liability Certificate therefor shall be

issued by the Engineer as soon as possible.

注释：

（1） the Defects Liability Certificate：缺陷责任证书

（2） the expiration of the Defects Liability Period： 缺陷责任期终止

（3） different defects liability periods become applicable to different Section or parts of the Permanent Works：

不同的缺陷责任期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分

（4） any works instructed：任何按指示进行的工程

参考译文：工程的缺陷责任证书应由工程师在缺陷责任期终止后28天内颁发，或者，如果不同的缺陷责任

期适用永久工程的不同区段或部分时，则在最后一个缺陷责任期终止或根据第82条，在任何按指示进行的

工程已完成并达到工程师满意之后尽快签发。

例6：

The Borrower shall pay for the account of the Banks a commitment fee of one half of one percent (0.5%) per

annum on the Total Loan Commitment. The commitment fee shall be paid from the date of the conclusion of the

Contract (inclusive) to the earlier day of the Disburment Date and the Termination Date (but excluding the day in

question). The commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month thereafter to the earlier day

of the Disburment Date and the Termination Date.

注释：

（1） commitment fee：承诺费，承担费。贷款协议签定生效后，如借款人没有按期使用贷款，需向贷款

人支付一定金额的补偿费用——承诺费或承担费。通常在贷款协议中确定一个承诺期。承诺期分为前后两

期，前期不收承诺费，后期计收承诺费。如果在前段承诺期已使用全部承诺期金额，则不收承诺费。如果

在前段承诺期未使用全部承诺期金额，其余额在后段承诺期使用，则计收承诺费。

（2） the Disburment Date：贷款发放日

（3） the Termination Date：贷款终止日

（4） from the date in the third month thereafter：从其后第3个月的该日 thereafter：after the Termination Date

参考译文：

借款人每年应支付银行贷款承诺总额0.5%的承诺费。支付时间从签订合同之日起（包括该日在内），到贷

款发放日和终止日中较早之日（但不包括该日在内）为止，从其后第3个月的该日起开始按季支付至发放

日与终止日中较早之日。

例7：

If one or more of the following events of default (hereinafter called “Event of Default") occurs or occur or

continues or continue, the Agent and the Bank shall be entitled to the remedies specified in Sub-Clau 11.2 of the

Agreement.

(a) The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable.

注释：

（1） events of default：违约事件

（2） continues or continue：正在继续

（3） the remedies：补救方法

（4） fail to pay any amount payable thereunder：未能支付根据该协议规定应付的款项 thereunder：under the

Contract

参考译文：

如果发生下列一种或一种以上违约事件（以下称违约事件），或该违约事件正在继续，代理行以及各行应行

使第11.2款规定的救济方法。

（1）借款人未能支付根据该协议规定到期应付的款项。

九. whereas

释义: considering that, 鉴于，就......而论（法律用语）

用法: 常用于合同协议书的开头段落中，以引出合同双方要订立合同的理由或依据。

语法：紧接于要修饰词之前，常位于句首。

例1：

Whereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to u, manufacture and ll the Contract

Products of Patented Technology;

Whereas Party A desires to u the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and ll the Contract Products;

The Reprentatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have, through friendly negotiation, agreed to enter

into this Contract under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows:

注释：

（1） whereas：鉴于

（2） to grant Party A the rights to u, manufacture and ll the Contract Products of Patented Technology：将

专利技术的合同产品的使用权、制造权和销售权授予甲方

（3） the Reprentatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract：双方授权代表

（4） under the terms, conditions and provisions specified as follows：就以下条款

参考译文：

鉴于乙方有权并同意将专利技术的合同产品的使用权、制造权和销售权授予甲方；