2018年12月英语四级真题及答案(已整理)

2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

第一部分写作

2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)

2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战)

【作文一参考范文】

Itiswellknownthatduetotheboomingeconomyandincreasingfamilyincome,studyingabroad

hasbecomeanincreasinglypopularchoiceforstudents.Althoughstudyingabroadisoftenpraid

bypeopleforitsadvantages,therearestillsomedisadvantagestobenoticed.

Firstofall,tostudyabroadisexpensive.Specificallyspeaking,thoinvolvedhavetospenda

largeamountofmoneyontuitionandlivingexpens,whichisnotaffordableforeveryone.In

addition,tostudyabroadisagreatchallengeforthostudentswholacktheabilityofliving

independently.Iftheycannottakegoodcareofthemlvesthere,theiracademicperformancewill

beaffectedtoalargeextent.Lastbutnotleast,tostudyabroadmayexercianegativeinfluence

onstudents’mentality.Asweallknow,tostudyabroadequalstostayawayfromfamilyand

friendsforalongtime,whichislikelytoproducesomepsychologicalproblemsforthostudents,

suchasbeingsolitaryandgloomy.

Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecaneasilycometotheconclusionthatthe

disadvantagesofstudyingabroadcannotbeneglected.What’smore,thostudentswhoare

planningtostudyabroadshouldmakeenoughpreparationsfortheproblemsmentionedabove.

Onlyinthisway,cantheyhaveafruitfulandsuccessfulstudylifeabroad.

【参考译文】

众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选

择。虽然出国留学的优点经常被人们称赞，但仍有一些缺点需要注意。

首先，出国留学的费用是昂贵的。具体来说，这些人不得不花费一大笔钱在学费和生活费上，而这

并不是每个人都负担得起的。此外，对于那些缺乏独立生活能力的学生来说，出国留学是一个巨大

的挑战。如果他们不能照顾好自己，他们的学习成绩将在很大程度上受到影响。最后但并非最不重

要，出国留学可能会对学生的心理产生负面影响。众所周知，出国留学等于长时间远离家人和朋

友，这很可能使留学生产生一些心理问题，如孤僻和沮丧。

综上所述，我们不难得出以下结论：出国留学的缺点是不能忽视的。更重要的是，那些计划出

国留学的学生应该为解决这些问题做好充足的准备。只有这样，他们才能有一个丰富多彩且成功

的留学生活。

2018年12月英语四级真题作文:大城市生活的挑战

【作文二参考范文】

Recentlythephenomenonoflivinginabigcityhasbeenbroughtintofocus.Withthepopulation

ofdwellinginabigcityincreasingdramaticallyforitsconvenientinfrastructureandhigherwage

level,thechallengeshavealsoaroudmoreandmoreconcernsamongthesociety.

Firstofall,themostobviousproblemistheissueoftraffic.Inabigcities,trafficjamisquite

commoneverywhere,especiallyintherushtime.Conquently,alargenumberofpeoplehaveto

spendmuchtimeincommuting.Inthecondplace,withthegrowthofcarsandbusinbigcities,

airpollutionhasbecomeanotherdisadvantage,whichmaydoharmtothehealthofpeople.Last

butnotleast,peoplelivinginabigcitytendtoenduremorepressureofworkandlife,whichmay,

directlyorindirectly,influencetheirmentalhealth.

Sowhatwillbethepossibletendencyofthissituationinthefollowingdecades?Frommy

perspective,thenumberofpeoplelivinginabigcitywillkeepincreasingowingtothetruththat

peopleprefertoenjoytheadvantageofbigcity,however,thedisadvantagesofitshouldnotbe

wouldbeadvisabletoprepareyourlveswelltomeetanychallengesinthefuture.

【参考范文译文】

近年住在大城市的现象已经引起人们的广泛关注，越来越多得人选择住在大城市是因为大城

市基础设施健全且工资水平较高，除了好处，住在大城市的挑战也成为人们关注话题。

首先，最明显的问题是交通。在大城市里，到处交通堵塞是很常见的现象，尤其是高峰期。

很多人不得不花费大量的时间在通勤上。其次，随着大城市的汽车和公交车数量的增加，空气

污染已成为在大城市生活的另一个劣势，这些污染很有可能会危及人们的健康。最后，生活在

大城市的人会有承担更多的生活和工作压力，这对他们的心理健康也很不利。

在接下来几年这种现象会保持什么样的趋势呢?在我看来，住在大城市的人口会因享受大城

市的便利而不断增加，然而人们也应该注意到生活在大城市的弊端，想要应对各种挑战最好是

自己时刻保持状态良好。

以上就关于四级作文的范文及解析，今年的作文话题依旧是围绕社会热点展开，从难度上看，

没有超出同学们熟悉的话题，建议同学们在今后的学习中也要注意对热点话题的关注，并且记忆

常用表达结构，轻松输出高分作文。

2018年12月四级真题作文范文(毕业后的创业挑战)

【作文三参考范文】

TheChallengesofStartingaCareerafterGraduation

Facingtherisingemploymentpressure,ahostofcollegegraduateschootostartacareerinstead

oflookingforaregularjobinacompany.Asweallknowthat,startingacareerisbeneficialto

realizeone’sowndreamsandvalue.However,itisalsowidelyacknowledgedthatstatingacareer

willbeinevitablyconfrontedwithnumerouschallenges.

Whenitcomestothechallengesthatwemaymeetintheprocessofstaringacareer,themainones

canbelistedasfollows.Firstofall,asfreshmenwhohavejustenteredintothesociety,itis

obviousthatcollegegraduateslackrelatedexperience,whichwillincreatherateoffailurethey

mayencounterduringstartingacareer.Beingshortofentrepreneurialexperienceisoneof

difficultiesthatcollegegraduatesneedtoovercome.Inaddition,thecollectionofmoneyis

anotherproblemtheyshouldsolveurgently.Otherwi,thereisnopossibilityofstartingacareer.

Althoughstartingacareeraftergraduationhassomanychallengestobesolved,collegegraduates

stillneedtakeapositiveattitudetowardsit.Moreover,prudentconsiderationandentrepreneurial

spiritarealsonecessaryforgraduatestostartacareer.

【四级写作范文译文】

面对日益增加的竞争压力，众多大学生选择自己创业，而非选择一家公司过朝九晚六的生活。尽

管创业有助于个人实现自我价值和梦想，但众所周知的是，创业同样不可避免地会面临很多挑战。

提及刚毕业大学生创业可能面临的困难，主要的挑战如下所述。首先，作为刚步入社会的新

人，大学生在工作经验方面显然很是欠缺，这就增加了他们在创业过程中失败的几率。缺乏

经验只是挑战之一。此外，资金的筹措是刚毕业大学生创业过程中另一个需要亟待解决的问题，

缺乏资金则创业无门。

尽管刚毕业就创业面临着众多困难，但是大学生仍旧需要对创业保持积极乐观的态度，而且，

审慎的态度和创业的精神也是刚毕业大学生创业必不可少的品质。

第二部分听力

News1

Adevicethatweighslessthanonekilogramispartofamissionthatwillallowscientiststodeliver

fourthgenerationor4Gmobilecoveragetothemoonin2019.Ifsuccessful,thetinydevicewill

providethemoonwithitsfirstevermobilephonenetwork.Thelunarnetworkwillsupporthigh

definitionstreamingofvideoanddatabetweenthemoonandearth.Thenetworkispartofa

missiontothemoon.Thisisaprojectwiththegoaloflandingthefirstprivatelypaidformission

tothemoon.The4GmissionisttolaunchfromCapeCanaveralintheUnitedStatesonaspace

XFalcon9rocketin2019.Missiontothemoonintendstoestablishandtestthefirstelementsofa

communicationsnetworkonthemoon.Thescientistsworkingontheprojectoptedtobuilda4G

ratherthanafifthgenerationor5Gnetwork.Thisisbecaufifthgenerationnetworksarestillin

testingandtrialphas.Thismeansthata5Gnetworkmaynotyetbestableenoughtoworkon

themoon’ssurface.

Question1:Whatarescientistsplanningtodo?

Question2:Whydidscientistschoototupa4Gnetworkintheirmission?

News2

It’srespondedtoafireWednesdaynightatanabandonedmallinHeywood.Thefirewasreported

at9:26pmatanoldshoppingcenteronMichiganAvenuenearSt.Mary’sChurch.Sixfireengines,

twotrucksandtwochiefsrespondedtothescene.Crewshadthefireundercontrolinabout45

minutesandmanagedtocontainthefiretoitspointoforigin.Thereweresomepeopleinsidethe

buildingwhenthefirebrokeoutbuttherewerenoreportsofanyinjuries.Fireinvestigatorshave

respondedtothescenebuthavenotyetdeterminedthecauofthefire.Firefighterswillremain

onthesceneuntillaterthismorningtoensurethatthefiredoesn’tstartupagain.Theshopping

mallhadnotbeeninusince2002.In2014CityHalldevelopedaplantoknockdownthe

buildingandreplaceitwithaffordablehousing.Howevertheplanwasdroppedduetolackoffunds.

Question3:Whatdoesthenewsitemsayaboutthefire?

Question4:WhathadCityHallplannedtodo?

News3

PotatochipsinJapanarebeingsoldfor6Xtheirnormalprice.Thisisafterthecountry’smain

manufacturerstoppedsalesduetoapotatoshortage.Stormsandfloodsanditsmainpotato

growingregionlastyearcaudtheworstharvestandmorethan3decades.Localmediareports

suggestCalbeeanditsmainrivalKoike-yaarehaltingalmost50products.

“Wedon’tknowwhenwe’llbeabletorestart”,acompanyspokesmansaid.Snackloversare

panicbuyingandmanysupermarketshelvesarebare.Japanelawslimittheamountofimported

potatoesthatcanbeudinJapanemadeproducts.Japansaysfearofdiaisitsmainreason

toblockfreshimports.ItstillonlyallowspotatoesfromlectedUSstates.Thisisonlyatcertain

timesandonconditionthattheyareprocesdatfactoriesbadnearJapaneports.

Butglobalwarminghasraidthepossibilitythatdomesticproducecouldberiouslyaffectedby

rareweathereventsmoreoften.

Question5:WhatproblemisJapanfacing?

Question6:WhydoesJapanlimittheimportofpotatoes?

Question7:WhatmightaffectJapanedomesticproduce?

Conversation1

M:Mr.Brown’slecturesaresoboring.

W:Yes,heisnotaveryexcitingspeaker.Butthesubjectisinteresting.

M:Duringeveryoneofhislectures,ItrytolistenIreallytry.Butafterabout10minutesmymind

beginstowanderandIloconcentration.ButIethatyouemtobeOK.Howdoyoustay

focudthroughtheentirehour?

W:Well,whatIdoiskeepmypenmoving.

M:Whatdoyoumean?

W:It’samethodofactiveconcentrationIreadabout.Oneofthemosteffectivewaysto

concentrateistowritethingsdown.Butithastobedonebyhand,nottypingonakeyboard.You

ewritingbyhandforcesyoutoactuallyengagewithwhatyou’relearninginamorephysical

way.

M:Doyoureviewyournotesafterwardsthen?

W:Sometimesbutthat’snotimportant.Mynotesmayormaynotbeufulbutthepointisthatby

writingdownwhatMr.BrandsaysIcanfollowhislineofthinkingmoreeasily.Infact,sometimes

Idrawalittletoo.

M:Youdrawinclassandthathelpsmepayattention?

W:Yes,honestlyitworksforme.Ijustdrawlittlelinesandnonnreally.Itwasalsointhat

articleIread.Itcankeepthemindactive,preventgettingboredandhelptoconcentrate.Againthe

pointistolistenhardwhilekeepingthepenmoving.IfI’mathomeandIneedtostudywhatIdo

isreadoutloud.Ithasasimilareffecttowritingbyhand.Ithelpsmemorizeinformationina

physicalway.

Question8:WhatdoesthemanthinkofMr.Brown’slectures?

Question9:WhatdoesthewomandoduringMr.Brown’slectures?

Question10:Whydoesthewomandrawinclass?

Question11:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutreadingoutloud?

Conversation2

M:Andwhereisthis?

F:ThephotosarefromtheTajMahalinIndia.Wewentthereabouttenyearsagoforour

honeymoon.

M:Wasitromantic.

F:Yeah.TheTajMahalwasaveryromanticplace.Theguidetoldusthereisafamouslovestory

behindthisbuildingthatallIndianslearninschool.Ithinkitwasduringthe1600andtheprincess

atthattimediedwhilegivingbirthtoher14thchild.TheEmperorlovedtheprincesssomuchand

wassosadwhenshediedthatheorderedthepalacetobebuiltinherhonor.

M:Wow!Thatsoundsveryromantic.Itlooksamazing.

F:Yesit’sgorgeous.It’salsolargerinreallifethanitlooksinthephotos.Thebuildingisverytall

andtherearegardensinawallarounditall.It’sallbuiltinthiswhitestoneandsomewallsofthe

buildingaredecoratedwithjewels.

M:Itmusthavebeenverycrowdedwhenyouwerethere.

F:Yesit’saveryfamoustouristdestination.Sotherearethousandsofvisitorseveryday.

M:WastherestofIndiacrowded?

F:Yes,verycrowdedinmanycities.Itwassometimessocrowdedthatitwasdifficulttowalk

alongthestreetsespeciallythroughbusymarkets.Andtherearesomanycars.Trafficwasterrible

butthepeoplewerefriendly.Thecultureisamazingandwehadagreattime.

M:Whataboutthefood?

F:theIndianfoodisgreat.Therearelotsofdifferentdishestotryandeveryregionhasitsown

specialfood.

Question12:ForwhatpurpodidthewomangotoIndia?

Question13:WhywastheTajMahalbuilt?

Question14:WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheTajMahal?

Question15:Whatisthewoman‘simpressionofIndiancities?

Passage1

APewRearchCentersurveyofmorethan1000AmericansconductedinApril2016findsthat

Americanscontinuetoexpresslargelypositiveviewsaboutthecurrentstateoftheirlocalpublic

libraries.Forinstancearoundthreequarterssaythatpubliclibrariesprovidethemwiththe

resourcestheyneedand66percentsaytheclosingoftheirlocalpubliclibrarywouldhaveamajor

impactontheircommunity.Althoughnotablyjust33percentsaythiswouldhaveamajorimpact

onthempersonallyorontheirfamily.AmajorityofAmericansfeellibrariesaredoingagoodjob

ofprovidingasafeplaceforpeopletohangoutorspendtimeaswellasopeningupeducational

opportunitiesforpeopleofallagesandroughlyhalfthinktheirlibrariescontributealottotheir

communitiesintermsofhelpingsparkcreativityamongyoungpeopleandprovidingatrusted

placeforpeopletolearnaboutnewtechnologies.AsinpastPewRearchCentersurveysof

libraryutheApril2016surveyalsomeasuredAmericansusageofandengagementwithlibraries.

Overall,53percentofAmericansages16andolderhavehadsomeinteractionwiththepuppet

libraryinthepastyeareitherthroughaninpersonvisitorusingalibraryWebsitesome48percent

ofadultsspecificallyvisitedalibraryinthepast12months.Amodestincreafromthe44percent

whosaidthatinlate2015.

Question16:WhatdomostAmericanssayaboutlocalpubliclibraries?

Question17:Howcanlocalpubliclibrariesbenefityoungpeople?

Question18：Whatdoesthe2016surveyshowaboutadultlibraryurs?

Passage2

ASavannahcatisacrossbreedbetweenadomesticcatandamedium-sizedwildAfricancatcalled

theServal.Theunusualcrossbecamepopularamongbreedersattheendofthe1990s.Andin

2001,theInternationalCatAssociationaccepteditasanewregisteredbreed.Thesavannahsare

tallandslimandcanweighuptoninepointonekilograms,makingthemoneofthelargestbreeds

ofcatsthatpeoplecanown.Theyhaveaspottedcodesimilartothatofmanytypesofwildcats

andtheirearsareverylarge.Theyarealsocommonlycomparedtodogsintheirloyaltyandcanbe

trainedtowalkonaleadandtofetch,andoftennotedcharacteristicoftheSavannahisitsjumping

ability.Theyareknowntojumpontopofdoorsandhighcabinets.Somecanleapabout2.5

metreshighfromastandingposition.Catsaretypicallyknownforbeingveryinquisitiveandso

aretheSavannahs.Theyoftenlearnhowtoopendoorsandcupboards.ManySavannahcatsdo

notfearwaterandwillplaywithorevendiveintowater.Someownersevenshowerwiththeir

SavannahCats,prentingawaterbowltoSavannahmayalsoproveachallenge,assomewill

promptlybegintobatallthewateroutofthebowluntilitisemptyusingtheirfrontpaws.

Question19:Whatdowelearnaboutthesavannahcat?

Question20:WhatischaracteristicofSavannahcats?

Question21:WhatdosomepeopledowiththeirSavannahcats?

Passage3

Whenchildrenstartschoolforthevery1sttimeparentsoftenfeelanofexcitementcoupled

withatouchofsadnessattheendofanera.Thisisthestartofanewadventureforchildren

playingandinteractingwithnewfriendssharing,takingturnsandttlingintoanewroutine.

Butofcour,thisisnotthestartofyourchild’seducationwhichinfactbeganatbirth.Backthen,

youwouldhavebeenyourchild’smostinfluentialteachers.Duringthistimeathome,yourchild

wouldhavelearntmorethanatanyotherperiodintheirlife.Duringyourchild’sfirstyearin

schoolmuchtimewillbespentinlearningtoreadandtheyneedtoknowthatthisisfunand

worthwhile.Yourchildwillnaturallycopyyousoitisimportantthatyouareenreadingand

enjoyingbooksnewspapersandmagazinesratherthanjustabsorbedinscreens.Ultimatelyan

excellenteducationshouldbeaclopartnershipbetweenparentsandteachers.Achild’syear

splitsfairlyneatlyintothirds:a3rdatschool,a3rdasleepandathirdawakeathomeoronholiday.

Irrespectiveofthequalityofaschoolachild‘shomelifeisofkeyimportance.Itisthe

determiningfactoroftheiracademicsuccess.Yourchildmayhavestartedonanewjourneybut

yourworkisfarfromfinished.

Question22:Howdoparentsfeelwhentheirchildrenstartgoingtoschool?

Question23:Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutchildren’seducation?

Question24:Whatshouldparentsdoforthesuccessoftheirchildren’seducation?

Question25:Whatdoesthepassagesayisthekeyfactorofloinbo’sacademicsuccess?

听力答案

Newsreport1:

1.C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.

2.A)Itisstable.

Newsreport2:

3.B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.

4.B)Pulldownthedertedshoppingmall.

Newsreport3:

5.D)Insufficientpotatosupply.

6.C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdia.

SectionB

Conversation1:

8.C)Dull.

9.D)Shetakesnotes.

10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.

11.B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.

Conversation2:

12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.

13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.

14.D)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.

15.B)Theyaremostlycrowded.

SectionC

Passage1

16.C)Theyprovideresidentswiththeresourcesneeded.

17.B)Byinspiringtheircreativity.

18.D)Theirnumberincreadmodestly

Passage2

19.C)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.

20.A)Theyareasloyalasdogs.

21.C)Theyshowerwiththem.

Passage3

22.D)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.

23.A)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.

24.D)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.

25.B)Theirhomelife.

第三部分阅读理解

匹配题1

Food-as-MedicineMovementiswitnessingprogress.

36-40DBGFI41-45FCJEG

36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.

37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromrearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvarious

illness.

39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.

41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshow

tocookit.

42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherlfthinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.

43.Diabetespatientsareadvidtoeatmoreplant-badfood.

44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelideabutthemovementismakingheadwaythedays.

45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessresultfromthewaytheyeat.

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

匹配题2

IsitreallyOKtoeatfoodthat’sfallenonthefloor?

36-40FCLEA41-45NMDKH

36.Arearchprojectfoundbacteriamadetheirwaytothefoodonthefloorinfiveconds.

37.Whetherfoodiscontaminateddependsmuchonthenumberofbacteriathatgetontoit.

38.Foodcontaminationmayresultfromvariousfactorsotherthanfooddroppingonthefloor.

39.Malesarelesslikelythanfemalestoeatfoodthatmayhavebeencontaminated.

40.Theauthor’srearchcentersaroundhowfoodgetscontaminated.

41.Keepingeverythingcleanisthebestwaytostayhealthy.

42.Chancesareyouwillnotfallsickbecauofeatingfoodpickedupfromthefloor.

43.Foralongtimepeoplehavehadtheexperienceofdecidingwhetherornottoeatfoodpicked

upfromthefloor.

44.Somestrainsofbacteriaaresoharmfulthatatinyfewcanhavedeadlyconquences.

45.Rearchersfoundhowmanybacteriagotintothefooddidnothavemuchtodowithhow

longthefoodstayedonacontaminatedfloor.

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

匹配题3

HowapoorabandonedParisianboybecameatopchef?

36-40GMFCEDAHKB

wasamongthefirstchefswhostresdboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.

wantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostworld.

benefitedgreatlyfromrvingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.

39.

CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdesrtchefinParis.

40.

Careme’screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster.

41.

Careme’sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydesrtsoutof

ordinaryingredient.

42.

ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCareme.

becameextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.

’swritingdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.

’scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.

第四部分深度阅读（第1套）

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeach

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

theinformationisderived.Youmaychooaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntington

Beach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,

thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeidea

onhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabout

tryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,

andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethe

frozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”

[B]Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearby

MaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JophHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s

‘ShopwithYourDoc’programndsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswho

signupforthervice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeboxesinScott’sshoppingcart

andsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealchee.“SoI’dhavetomakeit?”she

asks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsreject

it.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”

[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocesdfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamong

children.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocesdfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly

5percentofourfoodisplant-badfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreverthat.”Scottagreestotry

morefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandchee.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,

zerofordiabetes.

[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicine

movementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedical

institutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(药物).

Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyare

tryingtoprevent,limitorevenreverdiabychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestion

peoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,even

preventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.

[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JophHoagHealth,

medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecominga

healthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.Thatfeelingechoesthebeliefsofthe

TherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,which

completeditspilotphaandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughout

thecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,along

withintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjust

giveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.

“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheir

lives.”

[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecialized

trainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfood

totreatdia.Rearchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreverdias,

butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefit

substantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollective

dataandaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocesdfoodsintheAmericandiet

contributetothenation’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdia.AccordingtotheWorld

HealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiaandstrokearecaudbyhighblood

pressure,tobaccou,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm(范式)ofhowtotreatdia,”saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrun

thefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolof

Medicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreat

dia,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLoma

Lindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnabout

whichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.

[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.

Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeople

aboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransforma

patient’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.

“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthe

mostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetorevertheeffectsoflong-termdia.”

[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation(炎症),for

example,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicine

physiciansrecommendaplant-baddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorother

inflammatoryconditions.

[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”says

Nguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansudtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereableto

talktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”

36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.

37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromrearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvarious

illness.

39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.

41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshow

tocookit.

42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherlf,thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.

43.Diabetespatientsareadvidtoeatmoreplant-badfood.

44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythedays.

45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessresultfromthewaytheyeat.

匹配题1答案

Food-as-MedicineMovementiswitnessingprogress.

36-40DBGFI41-45FCJEG

2018年12月英语四级选词填空题目（第1套）：

Directions:Inthisction,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtolectoneword

foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleamarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.Youmaynotuanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan

$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostrious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.

Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225

billionayear.

Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes

28likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29overthepastveraldecadesdespiteadvances

inthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustry

andtransportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcallto

action.”“Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividuals

havelittle31,”hesaid.

Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-labor

income32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountrieslivein

placeswherethey33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.

Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.

asaresultofrelatedillness.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediel(柴油)35havebecome

morecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.

A)

abilityI)exclusively

B)

associatedJ)innovated

C)

consciouslyK)regularly

D)

constantL)relates

E)

controlM)sources

F)

damageN)undermine

G)

describedO)vehicles

H)equals

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案（第1套）：

26.Fdamage(损害)

27.Bassociated(与……有联系)

28.Msources(来源)

29.Dconstant(不断的，常存在的)

30.Gdescribed(描述)

31.Econtrol(控制)

32.Hequals(等同于)

33.Kregularly(经常地)

34.Iexclusively(仅仅，唯一地)

35.Ovehicles(车辆)

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案解析：

26.Fdamage

空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最

大的......发生在发展中国家。根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关联的词汇，

另外在语法上这里应该填入一个名词被devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们

应该可以确定答案为damage，“损害”n.

27.Bassociated

空格所在句子的含义为：这个福利数字包含许多与空气污染......的福利费用，比如健康与

消费。根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs的后置定语，另外从语义上判

断，associatedwithairpollution做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，

语义上也符合上下文语境。

28.Msources

空格所在的句子的含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的......。从语法上判断这

里应该填入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外从语义上判断

sourceslikehomeheatingandcooking表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语

境。

29.Dconstant

空格所在句子的句子，是28空所在句子的下半句，含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做

饭一样的来源，在过去的几十年间......，尽管室内污染这个区域取得了一些进步。从语

法上判断，这里应该填入一个形容词，另外从语义上判断，constant“不断的，常存在

的”，符合上下文语境。

30.Gdescribed

空格所在句子的含义为：ChrisMurray参与了这次报告，她把这次报告...为对行动的紧

急呼吁。从语法上，这里应该填入一个谓语动词，另外从语义上看，describe表示描述，

符合上下文语境。

31.Econtrol

空格所在句子的含义为：在所有造成过早死的不同危险因素当中，我们所呼吸的空气是一个领

域，对于这一点个人无法......。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，从语义上看，control

表示控制，符合上下文语境。

32.Hequals

空格所词组的含义为：收入几乎......GDP的1%。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个动

词，从语义上看equal表示等同于，符合上下文语境。

33.Kregularly

空格所在句子的含义为：低中收入国家当约十分之九的人住在有空气污染的地区，在这些地区

他们......经受达到危险水平的室外空气污染。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副

词，

来修饰动词experience，“经受”，从语义上看regularlyexperience，表示经常经

受，符合上下文语境。

34.Iexclusively

空格所在句子的含义为：但是这个问题不......局限于发展中国家。从语法上判断，本空

应该填入一个副词，修饰动词limited，“局限”，从语义上看exclusively“唯一的，

仅仅”，符合上下文语境。

35.Ovehicles

空格所在句子的含义为：在许多欧洲国家，柴油车辆在近几年变得更加普遍。从语法上判断，本

辆，复合上下文语境。

SectionC阅读1

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthisction.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopump

freshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthe

populationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newrearchhasfounddeepwaterrervesunderthe

statewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepths

of1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽

取）.TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水层）belowthisdepthandfoundthat

rervesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.

Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecently

inCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom

1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereare

otherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepinthegradualttling

downofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbythe

weightoftheearthabove.

Eventhoughpumpingfromthedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating（脱盐）

theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,butthey

arecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,

andCaliforniaishopingthatthedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirverewatershortage.

Oneproblemwiththesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshallower

aquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thus

increasingthecost.Rearchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drilling

logshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterrervesnowgoupto2,700billioncubic

metersoffreshwater.

46.

HowcouldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosomerearchers?

A)Bybuildingmorerervesofgroundwater.

B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.

D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.

空应该填入一个名词，来被diel修饰，，从语义上看dielvehicles表示柴油车

47.

Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeepaquifers?

A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.

B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpen.

C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.

D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.

48.

Whatismentionedasaconquenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground？

A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)Thedamagetoaquifers.

B)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeoftheclimate.

49.

Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?

A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.

B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.

C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.

D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

50.

Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareudaswatersources?

A)People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.

B)People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.

C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

TheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.

Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,meaningcantheybehonestandfair?

OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoonto

askwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsave

lives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillface

achoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrossthe

road,evenifthatwillputtheirpasngersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoida

dog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritlf,nottothepasngers?

Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.

Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware,

namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassuppodto

beabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilityto

handleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.Whenshestartedsaying

nicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.

AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarning

tous.ItisonethingtouAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.Itissomethingvery

differenttouAIintherealworld.Theunpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothe

surfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.

EricSchmidtisoneofthebossofGoogle,whichownAlphoGo.HethinksAIwillbepositive

forhumans.Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmake

humanbeingssmarter,moreableand“justbetterhumanbeings.”

51.

WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo’svictory?

A)Computerswillprevailoverhumanbeings.

B)Computershaveunmatchedpotential.

C)Computersareman’spotentialrivals.

D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.

52.

WhatdoestheauthormeanbyAImachinesactingethically?

A)Theyarecapableofpredictingpossiblerisks.

B)Theyweighthegainsandlossbeforereachingadecision.

C)Theymakensibledecisionswhenfacingmoraldilemmas.

D)Theysacrificeeverythingtosavehumanlives.

53.

WhatissaidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumansintheAIage?

A)Howtomakesuper-intelligentAImachinessharehumanfeelings.

B)Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAImachinesactethically.

C)HowtopreventAImachinesdoingharmtohumans.

D)Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAImachines.

dowelearnaboutMicrosoft’s‘chatbot’Taylor?

A)Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.

B)Shecouldturnherlfoffwhennecessary.

C)Shewasnotmadetohandlenovelsituations.

D)Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.

55.WhatdoesEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligence?

A)Itwillbefarsuperiortohumanbeings.

B)Itwillkeepimprovingastimegoesby.

C)Itwillprovetobeanasttohumanbeings.

D)Itwillbeheretostaywhatevertheoutcome.

（第二套）PartⅢReading

Comprehension(40minutes)

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthisction.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopump

freshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthe

populationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newrearchhasfounddeepwaterrervesunderthe

statewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepths

of1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽

取）.TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水层）belowthisdepthandfoundthat

rervesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.

Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecently

inCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom

1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereare

otherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepinthegradualttling

downofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbythe

weightoftheearthabove.

Eventhoughpumpingfromthedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating（脱盐）

theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,butthey