高考干货英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国Ⅰ

高考干货英语长难句结构分析（含2019年高考全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ卷长

难句）

五种基本句式

英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种

基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下：

1. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词)

2. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语

3. 主语＋系动词＋表语

4. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

5. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语

此外还有特殊句式如therebe-, 强调句，倒装句等。

但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、

复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让

句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结

构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括

两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写作。在评分标准中把“尽

力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分

析长难句显得格外重要。

一、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如,

, ., but (also), as wellas；非谓语

动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。如：

Tho

who werehighest in status in high school, as well as tho least

liked inelementary school

, are “most likely toengage (从事) in

dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as

well as 连接与tho least liked ...做主语)

The gunners liketo describe what they do as character-

building, but we know that

to wound an animal and watch it go

through the agony(痛苦) of dying

can make nobody happy. (动词

不定式to do结构做主语)

Connecting to the community（社区）as youfreely give your

time, money, skills, or rvices

provides a real joy. (2019高考全国

Ⅱ卷阅读理解B) (-ing形式做主语)

Dismissing small talk as unimportant

is easy, but we can’t

forget that deeprelationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t

for casual conversation.(2018全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D) (-ing形式做主

语)

What you need

is a great teacher who lets you make

mistakes. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B) (主语从句充当主语)

Shackleton,a onetimeBritish merchant-navy

officer

who hadgot to within 100 miles of the South Pole in

1908, started a (2016全国甲卷阅读理解D) (同位语结构

做主语) 二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr.

Robbins is leavingLondon for

, together with his wife andchildren,

ople think thatthe great Chinescholar

Confucius,

who livedfrom roughly 551 to 479

法填空)

Frank Hurley, aconfident and gifted Australian

photographer was hired to makethe

who knew the Antarctic,

images, most of which have never before been published.(2016

全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)

According to the report's key findings, “theproportion(比

例) has

who saythey 'never’ or 'hardly ever’ read for fun

gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9percent of 17-year-

olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent

respectivelytoday.”(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)

Thewoman,

sitting at the deskeing my

B.C.

, influenced thedevelopment of chopsticks.( 2016全国丙卷语

madness,

sympathetically jumped up. (2016全国甲卷完形填空) 三、

复杂表语包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。One (reason) was

that I

was amazed at the fact that a sickperson could feel much better

after eing a doctor.

(2019高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)(表语从句中还含

有一个同位语从句)

Thegeneral rule is

that mild zones have relatively

fewlanguages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet

zones have lots, oftenspoken by small numbers.

(2018全国卷Ⅰ

阅读C) (表语从句中还含有while并列句) 四、复杂宾语包括非谓语动

词、(并列)宾语从句(介词后和动词后)等。Dr. Prinstein has

alsofound

that the qualities that made the neighbors want you

on a playdate--sharing, kindness, openness--carry over to later

years and make you better able torelate and connect with

others.

(2019全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (宾语从句中含有定语从句)Back in

1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,

reported

that young maple trees gettingbitten by incts nd

out aparticular smell that neighboring plantscan get.

(2017全国

Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句中含有-ing形式和定语从句) Inorder to

pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper

on ①②

how we plan to apply what we would learn in class toour

future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.

(2018全国卷Ⅱ完

形填空)(①是介词on所带的宾语从句，②是动词apply所带的宾语从

句)Axani wrote inhis post ①

that he is not looking for anything in

returnthat the woman who usthe extra ticket can

and ②

choo to either travelwith him or take the ticket and travel on

her own.

(2017全国Ⅲ卷完形填空) (wrote带有2个由that引导的宾

语从句，第②个宾语从句含有who引导的定语从句) 五、复杂定语包

括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。It’s an

amazingaccomplishment and one

we cannot achieve

withoutgenerous support from individuals, corporations, and

other socialorganizations.

(2017全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A)(省略了

that/which的定语从句)

To people

who are ud to the limited choice of apples such

as Golden Deliciousand Royal Gala in supermarkets,

it can be

quite an eye opener to ethe range of classical apples still in

existence, such as Decio which was grownby the Romans. (2016

全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C) (who引导定语从句)

But myconnection with pandas goes back to my days on a

TV show in the mid-1980s,

when I was the first Western TV

reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandasrescued

from starvationin the wild.

(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空) (when

引导的定语从句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定语)

Thursday es us make the short journey to Paris

where we

will visitDisneyland Paris park，

staying until late to ethe parade

and the fireworks.(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)(where引导定语从句)

Readers alsotended to share articles ①

that were exciting or

funny,that inspired negative feelings like anger or

or ②

anxiety,that left them merely sad.

but not articles ③( 2016全国新

课标丙卷阅读理解D) (含有三个that引导的定语从句)

Also, it is notuncommon any more to find carpenters (木

匠) and carpenters

with college degreeswith a solid knowledge

of mathematicswhich would enablethem to deal with more

,

difficult hou designs.

(含有两个with介词短语做定语和which引

导的定语从句)

Now, using teethand bone pieces

taken from the baby’s

grave,

scientists have compared the DNA from the Unknown

Child with tho

collected from members of five families who lost

relatives on the Titanic and never recovered thebodies.

(含有两个

-ed形式做定语和who引导的定语从句) 六、复杂同位语(同位语从

句)Whilethey are rare north of 88°, there is evidence

that they

range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south asJames Bay

in Canada.

(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)

The friendshipthat grew out of the experience of making that

film and fouryears later had its root in the

The Sting

fact

that although there was an agedifference, we both came

from a tradition of theater and live TV.

(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解

B)(that引导同位语从句，同位语从句内部含有although引导的状语

从句)

We shared thebelief

thatif you’re fortunate enough to have

success, youshould put something back

--- hewith

his food and his camps for

Newman’s OwnHole inthe Wall

kids who are riously ill, and me with

Sundance and the

institute

and thefestival.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(that引导同

位语从句，同位语从句内部含有if引导的状语从句) 七、复杂状语包括

介词短语、非谓语动词、(多个)状语从句等。

Withthe college

entrance examinationaround the corner,

allthe students are

occupied with their revision.(with介词短语做状语)

Bytranslating the rich and humourous text of Love’s

Labour’s Lost into thephysical language of BSL(英式手

语),DeafinitelyTheatre

creates a new interpretation of

Shakespeare’s comedy and aims tobuild a bridge between deaf

and hearing worlds

byperforming to both groups as one

audience.

(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A) (两个by介词短语做状语)

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,

frozen

bananas make an excellent ba forthick, cooling fruit shakes and

low fat “ice cream”.(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读B) (-ed形式做状语)

The IntelligentTransport team at Newcastle University have

turned an electric car into amobile laboratory named

“DriveLAB”

in order tounderstand the challenges faced by

older drivers and to discover where the keystress points

are.

(2017全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D) (动词不定式to do做状语)

① myhappiness

Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,

deepened ②

when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of

the suppliers forJack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the

Sarasota Ritz Carlton,

where —— luckily for me —— I was

planning tohave dinner that very night(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理

.

解B) (as和when引导状语从句)

It wascalculated that

when its population reached itshighest

point,

there were more than 3 billion pasnger pigeons –

anumber equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population

in the UnitedStates,

making it perhaps the most abundantbirds

in the world.

(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B) (when引导状语从句中，

含有-ing形式做状语)

Giventhat many people's moods (情绪)are regulated by the

chemical action of chocolate,

it was probably only a matter of

time

before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a

drugstore of Chine medicine.

(2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C) (-

ed形式做状语, before引导状语从句)

In a cond study prented at the meeting, scientistsfrom

the UK and Denmark showed that even a few days of high

temperatures canverely reduce production of crops, such as

wheat, soya beans, rice and groundnuts(花生),

if it occurswhen

theplants are flowering.

(福建卷) (if 和when引导状语从句)

According to the study,

if thecat is adopted before the

dog, ifthey are introduced when still young

and (less than 6

months for cats, ayear for dogs), it is highly probable that the two

pets will get along swimmingly.（2011广东卷B）(两个if 引导并列

状语从句) 八、多个从句且从句套从句Helikes

①that he can sit and

check his phone in peace or chat up thebarkeeper ②with whom

he's on a first-name basis③if he wants to have a little interaction

（交流）.((2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)(①是宾语从句，②是定语

从句，③是状语从句)

Forthis courier job, you’re consciously aware①

thatin that

box you’ve got something that ispotentially going to save

②

somebody’s life.

( 2016全国乙卷阅读理解C) (①是宾语从句，②是

定语从句)

Therefore, ①

whena person from one of the cultures is

speaking and suddenly stopswhatmay be implied

,② (暗

示) is③

that the person wants the listener to consider④what has

been said before continuing

.( 2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解D) (①

是状语从句，②是主语从句，③是表语从句，是宾语从句)

④

①

If someone knocks and it’s not an important

matter,you’re

excu yourlfand let the person know ②

busythat ④when the door is

sothey can get the hint (暗示）③

clod, you’re not to be disturbed.

(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五) (①

是状语从句，②是宾语从句，③是同位语从句，是状语语从句)

④

But you can’t besuccessful①

when there’s a lack of trust in

a relationship that results from an actionwherethe

②③

wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

(2015全国新

课标Ⅰ阅读七选五) (①是状语从句，②是定语从句，③是定语从句)

Cursing mymisfortune, I was wondering ①

where I was going

to spend the nightwhohad

when I realizedthat the villagers②

gathered around mewho should have the

were arguing as to③

honor of receiving me as a guest in theirhou.

(2007高考广东

卷) (①是宾语从句，②是定语从句，③是宾语从句) Studies

show①

that social science majors are most suited for

change,which is the leading feature of the kind of high speed,

②

highpressure, high-tech worldwe now live in.

③ (①是宾语从句，

②是定语从句，③是定语从句)

It is important ①②

becau it shows that regular physical

exerci enables us to make better uof the oxygen we

③

breathe inthat this training, in fact, reduces the amount of

and④

work our hearts do.

⑤ (辽宁卷) (①是状语从句，②是宾语从句，③

是定语从句，是并列宾语从句，⑤是定语从句) 九、复杂并列句(包

④

含从句)The likables’ plays-well-with-othersqualities strengthen

schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills , when

and

tapped early, are employedever after in life and work.(2019高考

全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)

Wewent 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, I

but

often had crazy dreams

in which Iwas to blame for Miller’s

accident

.(2016全国丙卷完形填空)

Dark environments are more likely to

encourageovereating, people are often less lf-conscious(难

for

为情) —— and so more likely

when they’re in poorly lit places

to eat lots of food..(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B)

When the weatheris fair and ttled,

they are clothed in blue

and purple,and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening

sky, sometimes gray steam gathers

but when itis cloudless,

around the top of the mountains

which, in the last rays of the

tting sun, will shine andlight up like a crown of glory.

(2004全

国卷) 十、多个非谓语动词Then the person leaves it in a public

place, ①that the book willhave an

hoping

adventure, ② far and wide with each new

traveling

reader who finds it. (2016全国甲卷阅读理解C)

He reported the ca to the police and then sat there,

① andlonely in a strange city, ② ofthe terrible

lostthinking

troubles of ③ allthe paperwork④ again from a

gettingorganized

distant country while ⑤ ⑥ downin a new one.

tryingto ttle

(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A) 2019年全国卷中出现的倒装句

1. likability related to positivelife outcomes, it is

Not onlyisbut

also responsiblefor tho outcomes, too. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读

理解D) (not only开头的倒装句)

2. We found that the least well-liked teens had become

moreaggressive over time toward their classmates. But

sohad

tho

who were high in status. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (so

开头的倒装句)

3. at dinnertime together anymore，74

Onlyare we eating

percent，according to statistics fromthe report. (2019高考全国Ⅱ

卷阅读理解C) (only开头的倒装句)

4. Of cour, today's top Western

not onlyare

designersbeing influenced by China-some of the best designers

of contemporary fashionare themlves Chine.' (2019高考全国

Ⅲ卷阅读理解B) (not only开头的倒装句)

5. 'The most famous designers are Chine, the

so are

models, and the consumers,' she says. (2019高考全国Ⅲ卷

soare

阅读理解B) (so开头的倒装句)们前进的动力