小升初 数词、形容词和副词

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小升初 数词、形容词和副词
2023年11月12日发(作者:禅悟)

数词

知识梳理:

.基数词

英语中,像one, two, three…这样表示基本数目的词叫基数词。基数词王国中的成员很

多,怎样才能准确轻松地记住100以内的基数词呢?采用归纳记忆的方法可以起到事半

功倍的效果。

1.1-12面孔异,需要用心去记忆。 1-12one, two, three, four, five, six, ven, eight, nine, ten,

eleven, twelve.

2.13-19有规律,词尾只加teen 13-19thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenventeen

eighteennineteen.

3.20~90整十数,词尾只需加y 20~90twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyventy

eightyninety

4.21~99整十位数加个位,中间别忘连字符-21~99twenty-onetwenty-two

twenty-three…ninety-eightninety-nine

5.百位数,百位上的基数词加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and

101 one hundred and one

320 three hundred and twenty

648 six hundred and forty-eight

典例精析:

1. )①(2013高新一中)She can write English letters well.

A. forty-eight B. twenty-six C. twenty-four

2. )②(2013高新一中)There are days in a week.

A. ven B. five C. three

思路点拨:

1小题考查英语字母的个数。故选B

2小题考查基数词的用法。根据句意“一周有七天”可知用基数词。故选A

小试牛刀:

1.英汉互译:

1three 2)八 3)五

4)十一 5)twenty 6)forty

7)五十四 8)八十七 9thirty

2.写出下列单词的小写形式,然后将单词填在相应的问题后面:

TEN ELEVEN TWELVE FIFTEEN THIRTY

1)在足球赛中,每场双方各有多少名球员参赛?

1

2)在篮球比赛中,双方共有几人在场比赛?

3)半小时是多少分钟?

4)一刻钟是多少分钟?

5)一年有多少个月份?

答案:1. 1)三 2eight 3five 4)eleven 5)二十 6)四十

7fifty-four 8eighty-ven 9)三十

2. ten eleven twelve fifteen thirty

1eleven 2ten 3thirty 4fifteen 5twelve

.序数词

1.概念:

我们都知道,表示数目要用基数词,那么表示顺序用什么?当然是序数词啦!序数词

也非常庞大,不可避免地会造成词多脸杂难以辨认,只要把握规律就不会搞混了。

基变序,有规律,词尾加上th

一,二,三需要记。firstcondthird

八去t,九省eeighthninth

ve结尾时,f来代替。fifthtwelfth

ty结尾时,yie,再加thfortiethfiftieth

若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。forty-third

勤练加巧记,保证不偏离。

如:1)第一,第二,第三:firstcondthird.

2第四~第十九:fourthfifthsixthventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth

thirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthventeentheighteenthnineteenth.

3)第二十~第九十(整十):twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, ventieth,

eightieth, ninetieth.

4)第二十~第九十九(不包括整十)twenty-first, twenty-cond, twenty-

Third, , twenty-eight, twenty-nine.

5)第一百以上的多位序数词:由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。

如:one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

2.序数词的用法

1)序数词在使用时,一般加上定冠词。例:

the first book the cond floor

the third day the fourth week

2)序数词在多数情况下都用作定语,有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。例:

The may 1st is Labour Day 五月一日是劳动节。

My room is on the cond floor 我的房间在二楼。

The first is larger than the cond (主语) 第一个比第二个大。

Read the book from the first.(宾语) 从开头读这本书。

2

You’ll be the sixth to write (表语) 你将是第六个写的。

3)序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词,用来表示再一又一的意思。例:

You may have a third try 你可以第三次尝试。

典例精析:

2012高新一中)There are days in a week. Thursday is the day

of a week.

A. ven; fourth B. ven; fifth C. venth; five

思路点拨:根据句意“一周有七天”可知用基数词,“周四是一周的第四天”

用序数词。故选A

)②(2013铁一中)—How old is your son?

Hes . Today is the birthday.

A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelveth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelfth

思路点拨:

1小题根据句意“一周有七天”可知用基数词,“周四是一周的第四天”用序数词。

故选A

2小题考查基数词与序数词的用法辨析。表达年龄用基数词,表达生日用序数词。

小试牛刀:

1.写出下列词的序数词

1one _____ 2two _____ 3six _____ 4five 5nine

6twelve 7eight 8twenty-one 9forty

2.根据句子意思填空

1Children’s Day is on the of June(六月).

2Teacher’s Day is on the of September(九月).

3Christmas is on the of December (十二月).

4Tree Planting Day is on the of March(三月).

答案:1.1first 2cond 3sixth 4fifth 5ninth 6twelfth

7eighth 8twenty-first 9fortieth

2.1first 2tenth 3twenty-fifth 4twelfth

.分数

1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”

以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。

例如:3/4 three fourths three quarters

1/3 one thirda third

24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths

3 1/4 three and one fourth three and one quarter

1/2 a half

3

1/4 one quartera quarter

1 1/2 one and a half

1 1/4 one and a quarter

2. 当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。

例如:1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours

2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters

4/5 meter 五分之四米

5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

典例精析:

)① of the surface(表面) of the earth is covered with water.

A. First third B. Two thirds C. One three D. Two three

)② of the students in our class are boys.

A. One three B. Two three C. One third D. Two third

思路点拨:

1小题考查分数的用法。根据句意“地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖”,分数三分之二

的表达是 two thirds。故选B

2小题考查分数的用法。根据句意“我们班三分之一的学生是男生”,分数三分之一

的表达是one third。故选C

小试牛刀:

1.正确地表达下列分数:

1/5 3/5 1/2 2/7

1/4 5/7 1/9 4/5

2.改错:

one fifths two venth

one six three eights

答案:

fifth / three fifths / one cond / two venths /one fourth / five venths /one ninth / four

fifth

fifth / two venths / one sixth / three eighths

.数词的应用

1. 表示时间:

表示几点:基数词加o’clock。如:

It’s nine o’clock 现在九点。

几点几分表示法有两种形式。

A倒读法与汉语顺序不同,先读后说30分钟以内,分钟数past

时数表示几点过几分超过30分钟,分钟数to下一个小时数表示差几

4

到几点15分钟也可以用a quarter30分钟也可以用a half。例:

215 a quarter past two

245 a quarter to three

155 five to two

705 five past ven

535 thirty five past five

930 half past nine

只有指几点钟整时才用o’clock,如ten o’clock,但不可以说ven past ten o’clock

B顺读法与汉语顺序相同,连用两个基数词,第一个表示点钟第二个表示分钟

例: 540 five forty

230 two thirty

115 one fifteen

这时的1530不能用a quarter, a half代替。

2 表示日期:

年的读法:用基数词,分成两位一读。例:

1949 nineteen fortynine

1840 eighteen forty

日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略,月份的名称要大写。例:

54 May the fourth

101 October the first

③年、月、日的顺序:在英语中, 按月、日、年的顺序来读。例:

1949101 October the first nineteen fortynine

199951 May the first nineteen ninetynine

表示在在某年、在某月用介词in,如in2000in September,表示在某日用介词on

on July 8

3.表示加减乘除:

plusandadd表示;等于is表示。

2+3=? How much is two plus three?

2+3=5 Two plus three is five

minus表示

106? How much is ten minus six?

10-6=4 Ten minus six is four

time(动词)表示

3×4? How much is three times four?

3×4=12 Three times four is/are twelve

divide的过去分词形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four?

16÷44 Sixteen divided by four is four

典例精析:

)①(2012交大附中)—When is our national Day?

5

Its .

A. October 1st B. June 1st C. March 8th

)②(2011铁一中)—Whats thirty and twelve?

Its .

A. fourty-two B. forty-one C. fourty-one D. forty-two

思路点拨:

1小题考查用数词表达日期。根据句意“我们国家的国庆节是101日”,十月一日

的表达是October 1。故选A.

st

2小题考查用数词表达加法。根据句意“3012等于4242的表达是forty-two

故选D

小试牛刀:

1.用英语写出下列各题的计算结果:

six+four= nine+fourteen=

thirty÷five= twenty-eight=

ven×two= thirty-nineteen=

2.用正确形式表达下列月份:

①六月十日:June ②十月一日:October

③三月五日:March ④五月十一日:May

⑤八月二十日:August ⑥七月二十九日:July

答案:

1. ten twenty-three six twelve fourteen eleven

2.tenth first fifth eleventh twentieth twenty-ninth

名校链接:

12012西工大附中)选出II栏中能回应I栏中的句子,并将其字母序号填在题前括号

中。

I

)①Whats his name?

)②Do you like dumplings

)③When is Childrens day?

)④where is my pen?

)⑤Is your friend a boy or a girl?

II

A. Its June 1st.

B. A girl.

C. His name is Mike.

D. Yes, I do.

6

E. Its under the chair.

2、单项选择。请从每个小题的选项中,选择最佳答案在括号内。

)①(2013高新一中)She can write English letters well.

A. forty-eight B. twenty-six C. twenty-four

)②(2013铁一中)—How old is your son?

Hes . Today is the birthday.

A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelveth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelfth

)③(2013铁一中)— today

Its May 26.

th

A. What day is it B. Whats the time C. Whats the date D. Whats the day

2012高新一中)There are days in a week. Thursday is the day

of a week.

A. ven; fourth B. ven; fifth C. venth; five

)⑤(2012铁一中)My hou has floors and I live on floor.

A. third; first B. three; cond C. four; the first D. three; the one

)⑥(2013高新一中)There are days in a week.

A. ven B. five C. three

2013爱知中学)Today we are going to learn Lesson . Its lesson.

A. First; one B. The first; one C. One; first D. One; the first

)⑧(2012交大附中)—When is our national Day?

Its .

A. October 1st B. June 1st C. March 8th

)⑨(2011铁一中)—Whats thirty and twelve?

Its .

A. fourty-two B. forty-one C. fourty-one D. forty-two

)⑩(2010师大附中)—Can I help you?

Give me white socks.

A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a piece of

3、用括号中所给出单词的适当形式填空。

①(2014西工大附中)—How many days were there in February this year?

There were days. (填数字的英文表达)

2014师大附中)My brother and I are planning to have a surpri party for our little sisters

(nine) birthday.

③(2013师大附中)My hou is on the (twelve) floor.

答案:

1、①C D A E B

2、①B点拨:考查英语字母的个数。

D点拨:考查基数词与序数词的用法辨析。表达年龄用基数词,表达生日用序数词。

C 点拨:考查固定句型。从答语“526日”可知问“今天是几号”

A点拨:根据句意“一周有七天”可知用基数词,“周四是一周的第四天”用序数词。

C 点拨:房屋有几层用基数词,在第几层住要用“the+序数词”

7

A 点拨:考查基数词的用法。根据句意“一周有七天”可知用基数词。

D 点拨:考查基数词与序数词的辨析。英语中第几课有两种表达方法:lesson+基数

词”和“the+序数词+ lesson,如:Lesson one= the first lesson

A 点拨:考查常识。根据句意“我们国家的国庆节是101日”,十月一日的表达是

October 1

st

D 点拨:考查数学的计算能力和单词的拼写能力。

C 点拨:考查固定搭配。a pair of socks “一双袜子”

3、①twenty-eight ninth twelfth

8

形容词与副词

知识梳理:

.形容词

形容词是来修饰名词或某些代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词。

1、形容词的用法

1)作定词,一般位于所修饰的名词前。如:

This is delicious food. 这是很美味的食物。

2)常与系动词连用作表语。

The cake tastes delicious. 蛋糕尝起来很好吃。

注意:

①有些形容词(如little many)等只能作定语,不能作表语。如:

There are many cars on the road. 马路上有很多车。

②有些形容词只能作表语。如:表示健康状况的形容词wellill;以及某些以a开头的

形容词如aloneasleepafraid等。如:

The woman feels alone when her children are out. 孩子们不在家时,这位妇女觉得寂

寞。

③作宾语补足语。如:

They're helping to make our school beautiful. 他们帮忙使我们的学校更美丽。

2、形容词的位置

一般放在名词之前,但有下列情况时要放在所修饰词之后。

1)形容词修饰由some-any-every-no-等构成的复合不定代词时,要放在它们的

后面。如:

It's nothing rious with the matter. 那件事没那么严重。

Something strange happened in this hou last night. 昨夜这所房子里发生了奇怪的

事。

2)表示长、宽、高等的形容词,修饰数词短语时,常放在所修饰名词之后。如:

The river is 30 meters wide. 这条河30米宽。

3、形容词的顺序

当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,和被修饰词关系密切、意义较重要的形容词更靠近

被修饰的名词,排列顺序为:限定词(冠词、指定代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所

有格)+描绘性的形容词+大小+形状+新旧、年龄+颜色+国家、地区+材料+用途+被修饰

的名词。 简记:美小圆旧黄,法国木书房

典例精析

12014湖北黄冈中学入学)The running race is very . All the students

are .

A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting

22012北京铁一中入学)It's good to be in in summer(夏天).

A. black B. white C. orange D. dark blue

9

思路点拨:

1小题形容事物要用-ing形式的形容词,形容人要用-ed的形容词,故选A

2小题句意为在夏天最好穿……颜色的衣服。根据常理判断,夏天应穿浅色为宜,

白色最好,故选B

小试牛刀:

1、选择填空

1He is very to us.

A. friend B. friendly C. friends

2The weather is .

A. well B. fine C. kind

3That blue jacket is .

A. fine B. very nice C. well

4The movie is very and I like it.

A. boring B. interest C. interesting D. difficult

5It is evening. The girl's shadow is .

A. small B. short C. long

2、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1The children are watching the cartoons. They are very fun.

2This match is very excite.

3、将下列各组单词重新排序,使他们构成有意义的词组。

1fat, the, cat, white

2expensive, that, jacket, blue

3an, book, interesting, thick

答案:

1. 1)-5)BBBCB

2.(1)funny (2)exciting

3.(1)the fat white cat (2)that expensive blue jacket

(3)an interesting thick book

.副词

副词是用来修饰动词、形容词和副词,说明地点、时间、程度或方式等的词。

1、副词的种类

类别 意义 例词

表示确定的时间

时间副词

表示不确定的时间 than不久;first首先;finally最后

表示动作或状态发生的先后关系 soon不久;first首先;finally最后

频度副词 never从不;ldom很少;often经常 表示动作或状态发生的频率

地点副词 here这儿;there那儿 表示确定的地点

10

yesterday昨天;today今天;tomorrow

明天

表示不确定的地点

表示方位和运动方向

方式副词

表示行为方式

程度副词 表示程度 very很;very much很,非常

句子成分 例句

状语 He runs slowly. 他跑得慢。(修饰动词)

anywhere任何地方;somewhere

处;everywhere到处

above在上方;down向下;back

carefully 仔细地;fast快地;clearly

清晰地;easily容易地

2、副词的作用

English is very important. 英语很重要。(修饰形容词)

He is strong enough to carry the box. 他够强壮能够搬动这个箱子。(修饰

形容词)

He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。(修饰其他副词)

She left here soon after he arrived. 他到后不久,她就离开了这儿。(修饰

时间状语从句)

However he doesn't know the answer. 然而,他不知道答案。(修饰整个

句子)

表语 The meeting is over at three. 会议在三点钟结束。

宾馆补足语 Shall I keep him away from school? 我该把他留在家里不去上学吗?

3、副词的位置

1)按一般规则,如果有几个时间状语,小单位在前,大单位在后。如:

The class begins at 8:00 in the morning. 早上8点钟开始上课。

The plane arrives at 9:00 every Sunday. 飞机每周日9点到达。

2)按一般规则,如果有几个地点状语,小地点在前,大地点在后。如:

He works in a factory in Shanghai. 他在上海一家工厂工作。

She lives in a lonely place in Japan. 她住在日本一个偏僻的地方。

3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。副词very可以修饰形容词,但不

能修饰动词。如:

I very like English. ×

I like English very much. )我非常喜欢英语。

4)副词(如heretheretodaydownstairsupstairs等)修饰名词时常后置。如:

The food here is very delicious. 这里的食物很美味。

5alwaysoftenneverstillalready等副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助

动词或者be动词之后。如:

The first class always begins at eight. 第一节课总是在8点开始。

She is never late for school. 她上学从不迟到。

典例精析

12014西安西光中学入学)The fox is leaving .

A. sad B. sadly C. happy

22012北京海淀分班)Do you often go to the theatre?

No, I go there, becau I don't like dramas at all.

A. always B. sometimes C. never D. usually

11

思路点拨:

1小题考查形容词和副词的辨析。sad“悲伤的”,是形容词;sadly“悲伤地”,是

副词,happy“高兴的”,是形容词。修饰动词要用副词,故选B

2小题考查频率副词辨析。Always“总是”sometimes“有时”never“从不,

决不”usually“经常”。根据答语“No”和下句“我一点儿都不喜欢戏剧”,可推知“我

从不去剧院”,故选C

小试牛刀:

1.用所给单词的正确形式填空

1) Many foreigners enjoy Chine fashion, (especial) Tang clothes.

2) That’s an problem. I can work it out .(easy)

3) My mother is (careful). She always works (careful).

4) The train went (slow).

5) Everything goes (good),I think.

6) Don’t go out. It’s raining (heavy).

2.选择填空

1) See you .

A. late B. later C. latest

2)Were you often late for school last term, Mike?

No, . I got to school early every day.

A. always B. usually C. sometimes D. never

3) Wang Bing can English .

A. say; well B. speak; well C. speaks; good

答案:

1.1) especially 2) easily 3) careful/ carefully 4) slowly 5)well 6)heavily

2. BDB

.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

形容词、副词的比较等级变化规则如下:

1. 规则变化

类别 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级

单音节词和少一般情况加-er/-est

数双音节词

以不发音的e结尾加-r/-st

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅

音字母时,双写最后一个辅音字母,再

-er/-est

多音节词和部在原级前加more/most

分双音节词

12

long longer longest

late later latest

easy easier easiest

big bigger biggest

beautiful more most

beautiful beautiful

2. 不规则变化

原级 比较级 最高级

good/well better best

many/much more most

bad/ill wor worst

little less least

far

old

farther(较远)/further(进一步) farthest(最远)/furthest(最大限度)

older(年纪较大的)/elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的)/eldest(最年长的)

典例精析

(2014西安交大阳光中学入学)She can jump than her brother.

A. high B. higher C. much D. last

思路点拨

考查形容词的比较级。根据than可知用比较级,句意为“她比她弟弟跳得高”。表

示跳得高用highhigh的比较级是higher。故选B

小试牛刀:

1.写出下列单词的比较级和最高级:

1)strong 2)happy 3)beautiful

4)good 5)bad 6)big

7)fat 8)easy 9)late

2.选择题:

1)English is than French. French is a very difficult language.

A. easy B. much easy C .easier D. the easiest

2)My sister runs as as me.

A. fast B. fastly C. faster

3)-What do you think of the T-shirt?

-It's than mine.

A. beautiful B. shorter C. heavy D. heavyer

答案:

1

.1stronger- strongest 2happier- happiest 3more beautiful- most beautiful

4better- best 5wor- worst 6bigger- biggest 7fatter-fattest

8easier- easiest 9later-latest

2. CAB

13

名校链接:

1. (2013成都都江堰一中入学)写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。

1tall 2fast 3big

4fat 5heavy

2.选词填空

)①(2013高新一中)What a boy !

Yes, he is.

A. happy B. cheap C. cloudy

)②(2013高新一中)This red ro is of all the flowers.

A. more beautiful B. beautiful C. the most beautiful

)③(2013高新国际)Peter is the boy in his class.

A. tallest B. tall C. taller

)④(2013爱知中学)English is than French. French is a very difficult

language.

A. easy B. much easy C. easier D. the easiest

)⑤(2013爱知中学)Jim looks very today.

A. well B. good C. weller D. gooder

)⑥(2013市一中)—Let’s watch TV!

No, that sounds .

A. interesting B. boring C. fun D. relaxing

)⑦(2013西大附中)It is an day; we are all very .

A. excited; exciting B. exciting; exciting C. exciting; excited

2012高新一中)Sarah sings . Her handwriting is very , too.

A. well; good B. good; well C. good; good

)⑨(2012铁一中) nice weather it is! Let’s go out for a walk.

Good idea!

A. How a B. What a C. What

)⑩(高新一中)I’m than my brother.

A. older B. elder C. oldest

3、用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。

①(2013铁一中)He sings (good) and he is a good singer.

②(2013师大附中)Im taller and (heavy) than you.

③(2013师大附中)Da Ming comes from China, he is (China).

④(2013师大附中)Our teacher is very (friend) to us.

4、根据所给中文意思,完成下列句子。

2012高新一中)汤姆比杰克高5厘米。

Tom 5cm than Jack.

答案:

1.1taller- tallest 2faster- fastest 3bigger- biggest 4fatter-fattest

14

5heavier- heaviest

2. A 点拨:考查感叹句的用法。英语中感叹句有两种表达方式:What a +形容词+

+谓语!和How +形容词+a+名词+主语+谓语!

C 点拨:考查形容词最高级的用法。从句中all the flowers 可知用最高级。

A 点拨:考查形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级用the修饰。

C 点拨: 考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级的结构:A is+比较级+than+B

A 点拨:考查副词修饰动词。

A 点拨:考查词语辨析。句意为“-让我们看电视吧! -不,太无聊了。interesting

funrelaxing均表达肯定意思。

C 点拨:考查词语辨析。动词的过去分词在句子中作形容词,用来修饰人,用来修饰

事物用动词的“-ing”形式。

A 点拨:考查词语辨析。good是形容词,修饰名词在句中作定语或表语。well是副词,

修饰动词。

D 点拨:考查感叹句的用法。英语中感叹句有两种表达方式,该题考查的是:What a+

形容词+主语+谓语!

B 点拨:考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级的结构:A is +比较级+than+B

3. well heavier Chine friendly

4. is / taller

15

他大舅他二舅都是他舅-和孙悟空聊聊天

小升初 数词、形容词和副词

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