
英语四⼤时态
英语四⼤时态
⼀般现在时
提⽰词:always(总是)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时)never(从不)every(每⼀)
(第⼀⼈称:I,we;第⼆⼈称:you;第三⼈称复数:they、动词均⽤原形)
⼀、⼈称代词he, she, it是第三⼈称单数。
⼆、单个⼈名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三⼈称单数。
三、谁的谁是第三⼈称单数
当主语是第三⼈称单数时,⼀般动词在⼀般现在时句⼦中的变化规律:
1、⼀般情况直接加s
2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的动词加es
3、以辅⾳字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es fly—flies study—studies
4、不规则变化have—has
5.以o结尾的有⽣命的加es,没有⽣命的加s
⼀般将来时的⽤法
表⽰将来某⼀时刻的动作或状态,或将来某⼀段时间内经常的动作或状态。
标志词:tomorrow(明天),the day after tomorrow(后天),next (下⼀个),
From now on(从现在开始),this evening(今晚),soon(不久)等
结构:(1)be(am,is,are)+going to+动词原形(2)will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形(打算…)”=”will+动词原形(将,
会…)”?
⼀般过去时态
表⽰过去某⼀时间所发⽣的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要⽤⼀般过去式。
经常与yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个⽉), last year(去年) two months ago(两个⽉前), the
day before yesterday (前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in tho days (在那些⽇⼦⾥)等表⽰过去的时间状语连⽤。
动词过去式变化规则:
1.⼀般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾是辅⾳字母加⼀个元⾳字母和⼀个辅⾳字母的重读闭⾳节,应双写末尾的辅⾳字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅⾳字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was,are-were,do-did,e-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-
ate,take-took,
run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat
现在进⾏时的应⽤
当句⼦中有now look, listen时,常表⽰动作正在进⾏,这时要⽤现在进⾏时, 由"是动词+动词ing形式"构成。
(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing. 例如:going, starting, working ,looking.
(2)去掉词尾不发⾳的e,再加ing. 例如leaving, making, coming, writing.
注意:如果单词结尾的e发⾳,则不能去掉,也直接加ing. 例如:e -eing/agree - agreeing .
(3) 对于重读闭⾳节词,双写末尾字母再加ing.
run - running
stop - stopping
cut - cutting
control - controlling
冠词及其⽤法:
冠词可分为不定冠词和定冠词两种形式:不定冠词有 a, an。定冠词有 the. 其中, a ⽤在发⾳以辅⾳开头的名词之前, ⽽ an 则⽤
在发⾳以元⾳开头的名词之前。
-
1.定冠词⽤于表⽰世界上独⼀⽆⼆的事物⽤the。
2.序数词, 形容词最⾼级和表⽰⽅位的名词前⽤the。
3.演奏乐器的名称前⽤the。
tomorrow tonight this evening等不⽤the.
5.球类运动不⽤the.
代词
我I me my mine mylf (反⾝代词)
你you you your yours yourlf
他he him his his himlf
她she her her hers herlf
它it it its its itlf
我们we us our ours Ourlves
他们they them their theirs themlves
不定代词
⽤在肯定句中,作定语,可修饰可数和不可数名词:
如:There are some apple on the table. (饭桌上有⼀些苹果。)
some也可⽤在疑问句中表⽰客⽓邀请,请求或提议:
如:
1)Would you like some coffee?
⽤在疑问句或否定句中
如:Have you got any brothers?No. I haven't got any brothers.
= not any,no 在句中只能作定语,可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。We have no (或not any) English class today.
dy, someone,anybody, anyone, nobody, anything, something, nothing的⽤法。
1)Did you e anybody there? 你在那⾥看见任何⼈了吗?
2)I saw somebody there. 我在那⾥看见了某⼈。
3)We can't do anything now. 我们现在不能做任何决定。
4)If you want anything ,call me. 你要是需要什么可以叫我。
5)I've nothing to do. 我没事可做。
6)There is nobody there. 那⾥⼀个⼈也没。
基数词
基数词表⽰数量的多少
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
one two three four five six ven eight nine ten
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
eleve n twelv
e
thirtee
n
fourtee
n
fiftee
n
sixtee
n
ventee
n
eightee
n
ninetee
n
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 twenty thirty forty fifty sixty venty eighty ninety
100 1,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000
a hundred a thousand a million a billion
基数词1-12 是独⽴单词,需逐个记忆。
基数词13-19是个位数词的词⼲后加-teen 构成。其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 变化不规则。
基数词20-90 是在⼗位数词后⾯加-ty 构成。其中twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 变化不规则。
基数词21-99 是在⼗位数词后⾯加上个位数词合成,中间加上连字符" ━" 。
例如: 21 twenty ━one 95 ninety ━five
基数词三位以上的数词, 在百位和⼗位之间,⼀般要⽤连词"and
序数词的构成⽅法⼝诀:
序数词只能表⽰单数,⼀,⼆,三要全变;(one-first; two-cond;three- third)
其余都加th, th⾥有例外,8去t,(eight-eighth) 9去e(nine-ninth)
字母f代ve(five-fifth; twelve-twelfth);ty变成tie(twenty-twentieth)
若要变化⼏⼗⼏,只变个位就可以(twenty-one-twenty-first)
⼩学常⽤英语介词的⽤法
英语介词并不很多,但其⽤法灵活多样。掌握常⽤介词的⽤法及常见的介词搭配,是学习英语的重点和难点。
常⽤介词的基本⽤法
at
①表⽰时间:I go to school at ven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。
②表⽰在某⼀具体地点:He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。
③表⽰动作的⽅向、⽬标:Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。
④⽤于某些固定搭配:at once ⽴刻、马上at last 最后
at the same time 同时at first 开始时
not at all ⼀点也不
about
①表⽰⼤约时间:It’s about six o'clock now. 现在⼤约6点钟了。
③关于,对于:We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。
after
①在……之后:After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。
②在……后⾯:He came into the room after me. 他在我后⾯进了房间。
behind
①在……之后:There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有⼀辆⾃⾏车
②⽐……晚,迟于:The train is behind time. ⽕车晚点了
by
①在……旁:He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。
②到……时候:We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为⽌,我们已经学会了三⾸英⽂歌曲。
③以……⽅式:I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。
④⽤于某些固定搭配:one by one ⼀个接⼀个;by the way 顺便说⼀句
ntence by ntence逐句逐句
for
①为,给,替:I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给⽼师做张卡⽚。
②由于:Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。
③表⽰给(某⼈)⽤的:There is letter for you. 这⼉有你⼀封信。The foods are good for me.这些⾷物对我有益。
in
①在……⾥⾯:The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌⾥。
②在⼀段时间⾥:We have four class in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。
③⽤,以:What's this in English? 这⽤英语怎么说?
④在某⼀年份,季节,⽉份:in 2002, in spring, in January
⑤表⽰状态,服饰:Helen is in yellow. 海伦⾝穿黄⾊⾐服。
⑥在……⽅⾯:He is weak in English. 他的英语不⾏。He does well in sports.他的运动很好。他擅长于运动。
⑦⽤于某些固定搭配:in front of 在……前⾯
in the end 最后
in time 及时
like
①像……样:He looks like his father. 他像他的⽗亲。
②这样,那样:Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。
③怎样:What's the weather like? 天⽓怎样。
near
靠近,在……附近:My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。The new school is near to my home.新学校离我家近。
of
①的(表⽰所属关系):This is a photo of my family. 这是⼀张我家的照⽚。
②……的(⽤于所有格):He is a friend of mine. 他是我的⼀个朋友。
③表⽰数量(与连词连⽤):One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有⼀个来⾃北京
④想到,谈到:I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。
⑤⽤于某些固定搭配:of cour 当然
becau of 因为,由于
on
①在……上⾯:There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。
②在(星期)天,在某天的上午(下午,晚上):They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。
I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5⽉1⽇早上离开北京。
③⽤于某些固定搭配:on duty 值⽇on time 准时
to
①到,往,向:He walks to the window. 他⾛向窗户。
②表⽰时间、数量,
到……为⽌Plea count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.
③向,对,给:Happy New Year to you all. ⼤家新年好。
under
What's under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么?
with
①和,写:Could you go home with me? 你能和我⼀起回家吗?
②表⽰伴随状态,带有:Who's that girl with glass? 那位戴眼睛的⼥孩是谁?
三、介词的固定搭配
1)介词和名词的连⽤2)动词和介词的连⽤
at arrive at/in 到达
at first 起初;开始get off 下车
at last 最后help sb. with sth. 帮组某⼈做某事at school 在上课,在上学ask for 请求
at the moment 此刻get up 起床
at home 在家;laugh at 嘲笑
at prent 现在learn from 向……学习
at work 上班,在⼯作look after 照顾
at the same time 同时look for 寻找
think for 想到
on worry about 担⼼
on duty 值⽇listen to 听
on holiday 度假look at 看;注视
on time 准时talk about 交谈;谈
on the left/right 在左/右边wait for 等候;等
listen to the radio 听收⾳thank for 为……⽽感谢
on foot 步⾏
3)形容词和介词连⽤
on TV 在电视上播放be afraid of 害怕
on the phone 在电话中be careful with ⼩⼼;关⼼
on the way 在路上be interested in 对……感兴趣
by the way 顺便问问be good at 善于
in class 在课堂上be late for ⼲某事迟到
in English ⽤英语be good for 对……有利
4)其他
in a hurry 匆忙地by+交通⼯具
at the end 最后by bus/train/plane/air/ship/bike in bed 躺在床上lots of/a lot of 许多,⼤量in danger 在危险中in fact 事实上
at least ⾄少
in time 及时地at once ⽴刻;马上
in a minute ⽴刻
⽐较级与最⾼级变化规律:1.直接+er 或est 2.以e结尾+r或st
3.辅⾳加y结尾改y为i+er或est heavy_ heavier
4.元⾳+y结尾直接+er或est
5.双写末尾字母+er或est
(如:big , wet , hot, fat)6.特殊(不规则)
(well) better best
(badly) wor worst
(much) more most
farther farthest
5. little less least(如:big , wet , hot, fat)
7.多⾳节单词加more或most:
slowly quickly delicious important
interesting difficult different famous excited horrible dangerous beautiful handsome hardworking tired
1.⽐较级的句⼦通常有标志词“than”。
2. 最⾼级的句⼦通常有标志词in、of、the “the”(形容词最⾼级才有,副词没有),
when 什么时间问时间who 谁问⼈who 谁的问主⼈where
在哪⾥问地点which 哪⼀个问选择why 为什么问原因what 什么问东西what time 什么时间问时间what color 什么颜⾊问颜⾊
what about …怎么样问意见what day 星期⼏问星期what date 什么⽇期问具体⽇期what for 为何⽬的问⽬的how …怎么样问情
况how old 多⼤问年龄how many 多少问数量how much 多少问价钱how about …怎么样问意见how far 多远
问路程
⼀、国家、国籍、语⾔和⾸都。
national flag nationality Language capital
Country(国家)(国籍)(语⾔)(⾸都)
中国China Chine Chine Beijing
⽇本Japan Japane Japane Tokyo
美国America American English WashingtonD.C.
英国(England / Britain ) British / English English London
澳⼤利亚Australia Australian English Canberra
加拿⼤Canada Canadian English /French Ottawa
新西兰New Zealand New Zealander English Wellington 德国Germany German German Berlin 法国France French French
Paris
俄罗斯Russia Russian Russian Moscow 意⼤利Italy Italian Italian Rome
埃及Egypt Egyptian Egyptian
- 新加坡Singapore Singaporean English Singapore
印度India Indian Madrid
City 城市
Hong Kong ⾹港Macao澳门
Sydney悉尼New York 纽约
Toronto 多伦多
节⽇名称
元旦:New Year's Day(January 1st);
⼉童节:Children's Day(June 1st)
教师节:Teachers' Day(September 10th);
国庆节:National Day(October 1st);
万圣节:Halloween(October 31st);
圣诞节:Christmas Day(December 25th);
中秋节:Mid-autumn Festival;

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