刘宓庆《文体与翻译》(第2版)配套题库

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

第六章 科技文体

6.1 科技文体的特点及翻译要点

Practice 1

The laptop computer is a small, portable computer that’s light and small

enough to hold on your lap. It is smaller than a luggage but larger than a notebook

computer. A laptop usually weighs between 8 and 14 pounds, and when folded

shut is about the size of a small briefca. Laptops can be plugged in or run on

batteries, although the batteries must be recharged every few hours. Laptop

computers u a thin, light weight display screen called a flat-panel display, rather

than the cathode ray tube technology of larger personal computers. Laptop

displays vary widely in quality. Typically, their display screens show fewer lines than

displays on larger computers and can be difficult to read in bright light. Laptops are

lf-contained units, having their own CPUs, memory, and disk drives. While more

expensive than a desktop computer with equivalent computing power, a laptop can

be ideal for the on-the-go ur who needs a cond, portable computer. Laptops

aren’t always a suitable replacement for desktop computer, since they can’t be

expanded or modified easily should your computing needs change. Also, the

display is inferior to standard video graphics array（VGA）displays, although active

matrix displays compete well except for size.[人民大学2004研]

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【参考译文】

圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

膝上型计算机是一种小型便携式计算机，重量轻，机型小，可以放在膝上使用。其形状

比行李箱小，但比笔记本电脑大，重量一般在8到14磅左右，折叠起来和小号公文包差不

多大小。可以插电源也可以使用电池运行，电池每隔几个小时就必须充电。这类计算机不像

较大型的个人电脑那样采用阴极射线管技术，而是采用一种名叫平板显示器的薄型轻质显示

屏。膝上型计算机显示器的质量良莠不一。一般而言，其显示屏显示的行数比大型个人计算

机少，且在强光下很难看清。膝上型电脑机型虽小然而五脏俱全，拥有自己的中央处理器、

内存和光驱。尽管膝上型计算机比功能相当的台式机贵很多，然而对于经常到处奔波而另外

需要一台便携式计算机的人来说这种计算机还是很理想的选择。如果用户使用计算机处理信

息的需求发生变化，膝上型计算机很难相应地扩大容量或做出其他调整，因此有时用这类计

算机来取代台式机也不太合适。而且，虽然膝上型计算机的活性矩阵显示器的屏幕大小可以

与影像列阵显示器相媲美，但是总的来说，膝上型计算机的显示器不如标准的影像列阵显示

器好。

Practice 2

Smartphones were once the best thing to happen to the tech industry. In the

11 years since the iPhone made its debut, smartphones have subsumed just about

every other gadget and altered every business ultimately recording everything

about how we understand media, politics and reality itlf. Smartphones, however,

are insatiable. At a cognitive level, they are voracious vampires for your attention,

and as soon as you look at one, you are basically captured. There are studies that

bear this out. Adrian Ward, a marketing professor at the University of Texas, found

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圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

that the mere prence of a smartphone within glancing distance can significantly

reduce your cognitive capacity. Your phone is so irresistible that when you can e it,

you cannot help but spend a great deal of otherwi valuable mental energy trying

to not to look at it. When you do give in, you lo your mind. You unlock your

phone and instantly, almost unconsciously, descend into the irresistible splendors

of the digital world, emerging 30 minutes later, stupefied and dazed.[广东工业大学

2019研]

【参考译文】

曾经，智能手机是科技行业的福音。在苹果手机首次亮相11年后，智能手机几乎纳入

了其他所有的小设备，改变了从新闻、零售到出租车、电视等所有业务，并最终彻底改变我

们对媒体、政治和现实本身的理解。但是，智能手机得寸进尺。在认知层面上，它是一只以

注意力为食的贪婪吸血鬼，只要你看它一眼，基本上就会被它俘获。有研究证明了这一点。

德克萨斯大学（University of Texas）商学院的营销学教授阿德里安·沃德（Adrian Ward）

领导的一个团队发现，哪怕只是视野范围内有一部智能手机，就会显著降低你的认知能力。

你的手机具有难以抵抗的魅力，一看到它，就要花费大量宝贵的精力努力不去看它。当你屈

服时，你会失去理智。一旦解锁，立刻就神志不清，沉迷于数字世界无法抵挡的辉煌。持续

30分钟后，竟会茫然不知所措。

Practice 3

As information technology, specially the smartphone, rapidly develops, people

are overwhelmed by all sorts of information. As a result, “smartphone addicts”

can be en everywhere ... during meetings, lectures and gatherings; in the worst

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cas, such as when driving, they can cau disasters.

Well, do people need to be inundated with so much information? We should

remind ourlves that information doesn’t not equate to knowledge. Scattered

information and fragmented reading not only cannot form anything uful in our

minds but can rather actually interfere with our thinking, resulting in so-called

“information overload”. Basically, information can be transformed into

knowledge only when it is procesd for a certain purpo featuring with a

structure. In other words, when integrated into an individual system, knowledge

functions as a part of a holistic effect.

In terms of biological structure and functions the nsory organs of human

beings are in fact no more developed than other highly evolved creatures, and yet

humans can catch more of the esnce of the world, mainly due to their abstract

thinking capacity and their language systems. The cret lies in systematized

structures.

The core of a system is the structure which determines its nature and functions.

Diamond and graphite(石墨), for example, are both made solely of carbons.

However, their different arrangements of carbonaceous atoms result in the hardest

and softest substance in the world. The same principle applies to our perceptual

and knowledge systems, where the same amount of information may cau

different effects. In a way, we may say “Knowledge is power”—But information is

not.

So-called “prediction” or “knowing the rest by analogy” is generated

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十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

esntially by systematic analysis. Taking chemistry as an example, some gaps in

the Periodic Table discovered by the Russian Chemist Mendeleyev predicted veral

new chemical elements; three of which were found by other chemists fifteen years

later. Similarly, the theoretical physicist Diac revealed that there were no electronic

“bubbles” in a vacuum during his rearch into the nature of electrons, and then

predicted that something called a “positron”(正子) might exist. In physics, many

basic particles are found by way of repeated experiments bad on symmetrical

theory, thus bridging the gap between the subjective and objective worlds. In

arching one of the greatest mysteries in modem astrophysics—dark matter—the

same law applies.

The transformation of “information” into “knowledge” requires ability.

Information can be beneficial to our mental development only if it has been

effectively screened, categorized and stored. Blindly “receiving” information, on

the other hand, will put us in a passive position where creativity can hardly be

initiated.

To be preci, a human’s intelligence therefore, doesn’t depend on how

much information he or she has been expod to, rather, it is the ability to process

information into personal constructive knowledge that counts.[江西师范大学2017

研]

【参考译文】

随着信息技术，特别是智能手机的飞速发展，人们被各种各样的信息淹没了。“智能手

机成瘾者”随处可见：他们会在会议、讲座和聚会里玩手机；甚至是在比如他们开车的时候

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圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

玩手机，这种情况可能造成灾难。

那么，人们需要被这么多信息淹没吗？我们应该提醒自己，信息不等同于知识。零散的

信息和阅读不仅不能给我们的思想带来任何有用的东西，反而会干扰我们的思维，导致所谓

的“信息过载”。基本上，只有当信息被处理为具有某种结构的特定目的时，它才能被转换

成知识。换言之，当知识被整合到个体系统时，知识草能作为整体效果的一部分发挥作用。

在生物结构和功能方面，人类的感官实际上并不比其他高度进化的生物发达，然而人类

能够捕捉到世界上更多的本质，这主要得益于人类的抽象思维能力和语言系统。这个秘诀就

在于系统的结构。

系统的核心是确定其性质和功能的结构。例如，金刚石和石墨都是由碳制成的，然而，

由于它们碳原子的不同排列，却分别形成了世界上最硬和最软的物质。同样的原理也适用于

我们的感知和知识系统，同样的信息量可能导致不同的效果。在某种程度上，我们可以说“知

识就是力量”，但是信息却不是。

所谓的“预测”或“通过类比了解其余部分”主要是通过系统分析产生的。以化学为例，

俄国化学家门德莱耶夫（Mendeleyev）在元素周期表中发现的一些空白预测了几种新的化

学元素，其中三种在15年后被其他化学家发现。类似地，理论物理学家迪亚克（Diac）在

研究电子的本质时揭示了真空中没有电子“气泡”，然后预言了某种叫做“电子”的东西可

能存在。在物理学中，许多基本粒子是通过基于对称理论的重复实验发现的，从而在主观世

界和客观世界之间架起了桥梁。在探索现代天体物理学中最伟大的奥秘之一，即暗物质时，

也同样适用同样的定律。

将“信息”转化为“知识”需要能力。信息只有经过有效的筛选、分类和存储，才能对

我们的智力发展有益。另一方面，只是盲目“接收”信息，会使我们处于被动地位，并且创

造力很难被激发。

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