科技英语翻译_中篇总结

科技英语翻译

中篇

第一章 科技英语翻译常用技巧

1. Gas differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later.

气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。

2. The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous ri in labor productivity.

使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。

3. The flowing of current first in one direction, and then in another makes an alternating

current.

电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。

4. If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study

nuclear physics.

我们如果不知道原子的结构，就不可能研究核子物理学。

5. Both of the substances are not soluble in water.

这两种物质都不溶于水。

6. Whenever one body touches another, heat always pass by the conduction from the

warmer to the colder.

当一个物体接触到另一个物体时，热量总是从较热的物体传导到较冷的物体。

7. All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of protein.

所有这一切证明，我们必须深入的研究蛋白质的特性。

8. The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of

science and technology.

电子计算机的广泛应用对科学和技术的发展有极大的影响。

9. Gasoline is appreciably volatile.

汽油具有很强的挥发性。

10. The parts must be proportionally correct.

这些零件的比例必须准确无误。

11. In this ca the temperature in the furnace is up.

在这种情况下，炉温就升高。

12. Without steel, there would be no modern industry.

如果没有钢铁，就不会有现代工业。

13. The new precision machine tools are good in quality and fine in shape.

新型精密机床质量上乘，样式美观。

14. Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.

物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。

15. The bond between mathematics and life sciences has been strengthened by the emergence

of a whole group of applied mathematics specialties, such as biometrics, psychometrics, and

economics.

生物统计学、心理测验学和计量经济学等一大批应用数学专业学科的出现，大大加强了

数学和生命科学之间的联系。

16. The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are cloly related.

频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的。

17. The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.

这种加工方法所需的温度要低于熔化该金属的温度。

18. Oxidation will make metals rusty.

氧化作用会使金属生锈。

19. Being large or small all magnets behave the same.

所有磁铁，无论大小，其性质都一样。

20. For reasons the alternating current is more widely ud than the direct current.

处于种种原因，交流电比直流电用的更广泛。

21. A new kind of computer---small, cheap, fine---is attracting increasing attention.

一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意——这种计算机体积小巧、价格低廉、性能优

越。

22. In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the cond.

一般来说，金属都是良导体，其中以银为最好，铜次之。

冠词省略

23. A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.

计算机系统由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。

24. The resistance of a given ction of an electric circuit is equal to the ratio of its voltage to the

current through this ction of the circuit.

电路某一段的电阻等于其电压与流过该段电路的电流之比。

25. Given the weight and the specific gravity of a body, we can calculate its volume.

已知物体的重量和比重，就可以求出其体积。（人称代词省译）

26. Since copper posss good conductivity, it is widely ud in electrical engineering.

因为铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛的应用于电气工程。

27. The diameter and the length of wire are not the only factors to influence its resistance.

导体的直径和长度不是影响电阻的唯一因素。物主代词省译

28. Its transmission over long distance caus some loss of energy.

长距离输送会损失一些能量。介词的省译

29. Turning this knob gives the control over the brightness of the light spot.

转动这个旋钮就能控制光点的亮度。

30. Pure water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C under standard pressure.

在标准大气压下，纯净水在摄氏零度结冰，在设施一百度时沸腾。省译并列连词

31. Ductility of a metal is usually much less when hot than when cold.

热状态的金属韧性一般要比冷状态的金属低得多。(省略从属连词)

32. Stainless steel posss good hardness and high strength.

不锈钢硬度大、强度高。（动词的省译）

33. The time-keeping devices of electric watches are much more accurate than tho of

mechanical ones.

电子表比机械表准确的多。（修饰性省译）

34. Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

与其说海洋分隔了世界，不如说海洋连接了世界。（人称代词的重译）

35. X-rays have the same nature as visible light, but their wavelength is much less.

X射线与可见光的性质相同，但X射线的波长要短的多。

36. It takes a body precily as long to fall from a height h as it does to ri that high.

物体从高度h下落需要的时间与它上升到同一高度所需的时间完全相同。

37. There are two kinds of video capture devices, analog and digital.

视频采集设备有两种，模拟采集设备和数字采集设备。(分译名词)

38. Increasingly sophisticated computer-controlled robots are entering industry to cut down

production costs, time and labor requirements.

日益完善的计算机控制的机器人正在进入工业领域，以降低成本、缩短生产时间、减少

劳动力。（分译动词）

39. Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.

即使我们将普通的食盐溶于水，也不能改变其化学性质。(分译名词化结构)

40. They worked out a new method by which production has been rapidly incread.

他们制定了一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。（分译定语从句）

41. The water must be kept free from harmful bacteria. It should be colorless and relatively

odorless.

水应该是无色且相对无味的，应当避免沾染有害细菌。（单句合译）

42. Fig.1 incorporates many of the factors which must be considered in developing a satisfactory

system.

图1所示的许多因素，在研制性能良好的系统时必须予以考虑。（主从复合句的合译）

43. Other metals are not malleable at all. Thus chromium is so hard even at room temperature

that it shatters whenever it is hammered.

有的金属却根本没有延展性。如非常坚硬的铬，即使在室温下，一经敲击便会立即粉碎。

（简单句和复合句的合译）

44. Water is a substance suitable for preparation of hydrogen and oxygen.

水是适于制取氢和氧的一种物体。（后置定语词序的调整）

45. Faraday discovered the law of electromagnetic induction after years of trial, error, and trial

again.

经过几年的试验、失败、再试验，法拉第终于发现了电磁感应定律。（状语语序调整）

第二章 词义辨识和词语翻译

1. When an acid reacts with a ba, a neutral product usually results, and we call it a salt.

当一种酸和一种碱起反应时，通常形成一种中性产物，我们称之为盐类。（据学科领域

确定词义）

2. The key difference between Japane and German maglev trains is that the Japane trains

u super-cooled, super-conducting electromagnets.

日本和德国的磁悬浮列车的最大不同在于日本列车采用低温超导电磁。

3. Insulators can also conduct electricity to some extent, though they give a high resistance to

an electric current.

虽然绝缘体对电流施加很大的电阻，但仍能有某种程度的导电性。

4. The two units ud most frequency in electricity are ampere and volt; this is the unit of

voltage and that of current flow.

电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：伏特是电压单位，安培是电流单位。（指示照

应）

5. The clod loop system protects the operator from liquor contact and hazard from same.

此闭环系统能保护操作工，使之不与液体接触，免受液体危害。

6. Ideal voltage and current sources are active circuit elements, while resistors and conductors

are passive elements.

理想电压源和电流源都是有源元件，而电阻器和导体都是无源元件。

7. The liquid carries the current through cell between the two plates.

液体使电流通过电池，由一块极板流向另一块极板。（词义明确化引申）

8. The interference worked much instability in the system.

干扰给系统造成了很大的不稳定性。（动词的词义引申）

9. Whichever way the two two-way switches are left, one of the wires is “alive” and the other

is “dead”.

无论这两个双路开关合在哪一端，两根导线中总有一根是带电的，一根是不带电的。（形

容词的词义引申）

10. The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current.

导线越粗，就越容易导电。

11. Gold is similar in color to brass.

金子的颜色和黄铜相似。（省译表示与主语有关的介词）

12. In general, all the metals are good conductors, with silver the best and copper the cond.

一般说来，金属是导体，银最佳，铜次之。

13. Adver to iron, mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.

水银和铁不同，在常温下是液态。

14. The change of electrical energy into mechanical energy is done in motors.

电能变为机械能是通过电动机实现的。

15. The computer can read in and out information in less than a cond.

这台计算机能在不到一秒钟的时间里输入和输出数据。

16. With its great potential, the wide u of optical communications will not come overnight.

虽然光通讯有巨大的发展潜力，但它不会在一夜之间就得到广泛应用。

17. If one halves a bar magnet, each of the two halves will be a complete magnet.

如果把一根磁铁棒分成两段，那么其中每一段都仍是完整的磁铁。

18. It is through this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire

substation.

变电站运行人员正是通过这个界面控制和监视整个变电站的。

19. The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.

当交流电压加在电阻上时，情况也是一样的。

20. If we permit the current to flow longer, more heat will be produced.

如果让电流通过的时间长一些，产生的热就会多一些。

21. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as “sunattomic particles”.

原子虽小，却仍由叫做”亚原子粒“的更小单位组成。

22. The choice of material in construction of bridge is basically between steel or concrete and

main trouble with concrete is that its tensile strength is very small.

桥梁建筑材料基本上仍在钢材和混凝土之间选择，而混凝土主要的缺点是抗拉强度低。

23. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.

24. The cost of gold is high. That is why it is not extensively ud as conductors.

28. The electricity crisis can be solved as long as low-cost power is available.

只要能获得低成本的电力，电力紧张问题就会解决。

29. The dielectric material is not perfect, so a small leakage current will flow through it.

电容电介材料是不完全绝缘的，因而会通过小的漏洞流出。

30. The electrons to move freely play an important role in the formation of electric current.

自由运动的电子在电流形成中起着重要的作用。

31. The moving point P describes a line, straight or curved, in the plane.

动点P 在平面内描绘出一条曲线，这条线可能是直线也可能是曲线。

32. Such recent terms as chemical physics and biophysics are indicative of the widening

application of the principles of physics, even in the studies of living organisms.

像化学物理学、生物物理学这类新术语，就是物理学原理被广泛应用的明证，表明其应

用范围已经扩展到生物机理的研究中。

33. This complicated relationship must be reprented graphically.

这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。

34. The rerve voltage gain can usually be neglected.

反向电压增益通常可以忽略不计。

35. The expansion of metal on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal

bridge is built.

要建造金属大桥，就必须考虑金属的热膨胀特性。

36. AC can be changed into DC with great ea.

37. Going through the process of heat treatment, metals become much stronger and more

交流电可以极其容易的被转变成直流电。

durable.

金属经过热处理后，强度更大，更加耐用。

Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal, either in the form of iron or in 38.

the form of steel.

现代工业对金属的需求量很大，无论是铁形式还是钢形式。

The composites showed a two increa in modules of elasticity and a five times increa in 39.

tensile strength over that of the plain matrix.

这些复合材料的弹性比单纯基体材料增大了一倍，而拉伸强度则增大了四倍。

If you treble the distance between an object and the earth, the gravitational attraction gets 40.

nine times weaker.

如果你把一个物体与地球的距离增加两倍，地心引力就会减弱到1/9.

第三章 英语短语的翻译

1. Being cooled in the air, this kind of steel becomes harder and harder.

在空气中冷却之后，这种钢变得越来越硬。

2. Using a transformer, power at low voltage can be transformed into power at high voltage.

如果使用变压器，低电压的电力就能转换成高电压的电力。

3. Copper has less resistance than aluminum for the same size wire, but aluminum, being

much lighter in weight, has less resistance per unit of weight.

对于同样粗细的导线来说，铜比铝的电阻小，但由于铝的重量很轻，所以它单位重量的

电阻较小。

4. Depending upon certain conditions, there may or may not be free electrons in

miconductors.

半导体是否存在着自由电子，这取决于某些条件。

5. In fact，materials as ud in transistors do not exist in nature but are man-made.

实际上，晶体管中所用的材料是人造的，在自然界中并不存在。

6. The porous wall acts as a kind of ine for parating molecules.

多孔壁的作用就像一把筛子，它把不同质量的分子分开。

7. It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and under voltage.

必须保护感应电机，以防止过载和欠压。

8. Transistors, integrated circuits, and the chip itlf only came about becau materials

scientists learned how to process silicon from common beach sand.

晶体管、集成电路以及芯片本身，都是由于材料科学家学会了利用沙滩上的普通沙子加

工硅的方法之后才出现的。

9. The function of the safety value is to reduce accidents.

安全阀的作用是减少事故的发生。

10. Another important factor to be taken into consideration is that current strength is equal at

certain points in a ries circuit.

需要考虑在内的另一重要因素是电流强度同串联电路中某些点的强度相同。

11. To run a direct current motor, we must connect it to a direct current source.

为了开动直流电机，我们必须把它接到一个直流电源上。

12. It was not until the 19 century, when magnetism was shown to be the product of

th

electricity , that rious rearch into the nature of permanent magnetism began.

知道19世纪证明了磁是电产生的时候，人们才开始对永久磁铁的本质做认真研究。

13. A minimum electric power system is shown in Fig 1, a combination of an energy source, a

prime mover, a generator , and a load.

最小电力系统如图1所示，它由能源、原动机、发电机和负载构成。

14. The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.

电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。

15. Magnets have characteristics similar to electric charges in that like magnetic doles repel

each other and unlike magnetic Doles attract each other.

磁铁具有与电荷相似的特性：同磁极相斥，异磁极相吸。

第四章 英语句子的翻译

1. It is believed that oil is derived from marine plant and animal life.

人们认为，石油来源于海生动植物。

2. The application of the innovative design makes the electric machine become smaller and

more efficient.

由于设计方面的革新，电机的体积变小而且效率提高。

3. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.

这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。

4. Gas differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later.

气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。

5. The new equipment feature wide working low voltage operation and high reliability.

新设备具有工作电压低和可靠性高的特点。

6. The new function of a fu is toa protect the circuit.

电熔丝的作用是保护电路。

7. The new equipments provide a relatively small loss of energy.

新设备的能耗较小。

8. The energy transmission in a thermal power plant mostly relates to thermal energy

transmission.

火电厂能量传递大多数与热能传递相关。

9. Hydroelectric stations offer quite a number of advantages over their thermal and nuclear

counterparts.

与火电厂和核电厂相比，水电厂有很大的优势。

10. When a spring is tightly stretched, it is ready to do work.

拉紧的弹簧随时可以做功。

11. Aluminum remained unknown until nineteenth century, becau nowhere in nature is it

found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with

oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.

铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和

力。由于这个原因，在自然界任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝；所以一直都19世纪，

人们才知道有铝。（倒译法）

12. The clo spacing of conductors and the prence of solid insulation between them results

in the capacitance of cables being much greater per unit length than that of overhead lines.

（电缆）导线间间距极近并且存在绝缘物，这会在电缆中产生电容。其每一单位长度的

电容量较架空线路每一单位长度的电容量大得多。（分译法）

13. Great efforts will be made to achieve advancement and independent innovation of

technology, which will lead to improved safety and cost-efficiency of nuclear power reactors

and competitiveness of nuclear power.

我们将更努力的实现先进的技术和技术的自我更新，这将提高核反应堆的安全和成本效

益及核电的综合性能。

14. When you u a computer to process information, you must have input, which is the data

you will deal with ; you must process data, which is the act of doing something with data

according to instructions, and you must have output, which is the result of you processing.

使用计算机处理信息时，必须输入所要处理的数据；同时必须按照工作指令处理这些数

据；最后，还必须有输出，即处理的结果。（重组法）

15. Thermal power plants are tho which make u of fuel like coal, petroleum and natural gas.

16. Newton created a planetary dynamics which was so successful that for many years scientists

火电厂是利用煤、石油、天然气等作为燃料的发电厂。

complained that nothing was left to be done.

牛顿创立的天体力学简直是天衣无缝，以致许多年来，科学家们抱怨无空可补。

The equivalent circuits, being descriptive and simple, are very uful for the solution to a 17.

number of problems.

由于该等值电路表达清楚、结构简单，因此对求解许多问题非常有用。

Wherever conductors are needed, insulators will be indispensable. 18.

凡是需要导体的地方，就缺不了绝缘体。

Animals, although they need some inorganic food, cannot live on it alone. 19.

尽管动物需要无机物的营养，但是却不能单独以此维持生命。

The progress study of thermodynamics is such that experts can predict which process or 20.

reactions might occur spontaneously.

热力学的研究取得了一些进展，专家们能够就此预测哪些过程或反应可以自发的进行。

21. The advantage of rolling bearing is that they cau less fricition.

滚动轴承的优点是它产生的摩擦力较小。

22. There is little doubt that human beings and computers are getting more friendly.

人类和计算机的关系日益密切，这一点没什么可怀疑的。

23. Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed in electrolysis.

很明显，他们在电解方面成功的可能性是极小的。

24. Scientists have already known that under the extreme temperatures, say 260°,metal

pre-nts zero resistance, that is superconductivity of metal.

科学家们已经了解到，在极端的温度下，比如零下260度，金属呈零电阻，也就是说，

有超导性。

25. The principal objection to arc lighting was its high intensity, making it unsuitable for most

indoor applications.

人们反对弧光灯，主要是由于其灯光强度高，因而，不适用于大多数的室内照明。

第五章 特殊语态、语气和时态的翻译

1. The airplane is supported by the wings; it is propelled by the power plant; it is guided by its

control surfaces.

飞机靠机翼支撑，靠动力装置推进，靠操纵面导向。

2. The test instruction is joined to the circuit with all the switches off so that no current should

flow.

将测试仪器连接到电路上，并断开所有开关，使电路没有电流。

3. It should be noted that increasing the length of the wine will increa its resistance.

应该注意到，增加导线长度会增加其电阻。

4. But for friction, the driving wheel would not run the belt, neither would the belt run the

wheel to be driven.

要是没有摩擦力，主动轮不能带动皮带，皮带也不能带动被动轮。

5. Not only should every machine get frequent lubrication, but each part should have right

kind of lubrication.

6. Should the current be cut off, coil would return to its original position.

7. Set an object in motion, and it will keep on moving becau of its inertia.

8. There was expected to be a radial electrostatic field near the earth’s surface.

9. If the resistance of the circuit is high, the current will decrea rapidly, but a high induced

不但每台机器必须经常润滑，就是每个零件也应该采用适当种类的润滑剂进行润滑。

如果切断电流，线圈即恢复原来位置。

使物体运动起来，它就会因惯性作用而继续运动。

当时预期在地球表面附近有一径向静电场。

e.m.f. will result.

如果电路的电阻高，电流就会迅速减小，但会产生强的感应电动势。

Since 1964, Alcan has been using digital computers to help control and optimize the output 10.

of its various process.

自1964年以来，加拿大铝业公司一直在利用数字计算机来帮助控制公司的各种生产过

程和使该过程的生产最佳化。