英文介绍有关端午节的习俗:划龙舟

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Dragon Boat Festival: 5th day of the 5th lunar month

Qu Yuan

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to

the Chine calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice（糯

⽶）wrapped to form a pyramid using bamboo or reed leaves) and racing dragon boats.

The festival is best known for its dragon-boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers

and lakes. This regatta（赛⾈会）commemorates the death of Qu Yuan , an honest minister who is said to have committed

suicide by drowning himlf in a river.

Qu was a minister of the State of Chu situated in prent-day Hunan and Hubei provinces, during the Warring States

Period (475-221BC)（战国时期）. He was upright, loyal and highly esteemed for his wi counl that brought peace and

prosperity to the state. However, when a dishonest and corrupt prince vilified Qu, he was disgraced and dismisd from

office. Realizing that the country was now in the hands of evil and corrupt officials, Qu grabbed a large stone and leapt into

the Miluo River （汨罗江） on the fifth day of the fifth month. Nearby fishermen rushed over to try and save him but were

unable to even recover his body. Thereafter, the state declined and was eventually conquered by the State of Qin.

Zongzi

The people of Chu who mourned the death of Qu threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the fifth day of

the fifth month. But one year, the spirit of Qu appeared and told the mourners that a huge reptile（爬⾏动物）in the river had

stolen the rice. The spirit then advid them to wrap the rice in silk and bind it with five different-colored threads before

tossing it into the river.

During the Duanwu Festival, a glutinous rice pudding called zong zi is eaten to symbolize the rice offerings to Qu.

Ingredients such as beans, lotus eds（莲⼦）, chestnuts（栗⼦）, pork fat and the golden yolk of a salted duck egg are

often added to the glutinous rice. The pudding is then wrapped with bamboo leaves, bound with a kind of raffia and boiled in

salt water for hours.

The dragon-boat races

The dragon-boat races symbolize the many attempts to rescue and recover Qu's body. A typical dragon boat ranges from

50-100 feet in length, with a beam of about 5.5 feet, accommodating two paddlers ated side by side.

A wooden dragon head is attached at the bow, and a dragon tail at the stern（船尾）. A banner hoisted on a pole is also

fastened at the stern and the hull is decorated with red, green and blue scales edged in gold. In the center of the boat is a

canopied shrine behind which the drummers, gong（铜锣）beaters and cymbal（铙钹）players are ated to t the pace

for the paddlers. There are also men positioned at the bow to t off firecrackers, toss rice into the water and pretend to be

looking for Qu. All of the noi and pageantry creates an atmosphere of gaiety and excitement for the participants and

spectators alike. The races are held among different clans, villages and organizations, and the winners are awarded medals,

banners, jugs of wine and festive meals.

世界其他地⽅的粽⼦风俗

墨西哥的粽⼦

墨西哥⼈也有吃粽⼦的习俗，他们把粽⼦称为“达玛尔”。主料是粗颗粒的⽟⽶⾯，⽤⾁⽚和辣椒作馅，⽤⽟⽶叶⼦或⾹蕉

叶⼦包成，别有风味。有“粽⼦节”以欢庆⽟⽶丰收，在节⽇中，家家户户⽤芭蕉叶包⽟⽶和⽜⾁、鸡⾁、胡萝⼘、⼟⾖、辣椒

等煮熟后⾷⽤。

秘鲁的粽⼦

秘鲁⼈是在圣诞节时吃粽⼦，全家⼈围坐在⼀起，边欢庆圣诞节，边吃粽⼦，甚⾄已出嫁的⼥⼉也赶回娘家，再尝娘家粽

⼦的风味。

每逢圣诞来临，委内瑞拉家家户户包裹粽⼦，这已成了应节⼀景，届时，连平⽇卖点⼼的店铺也堆满了粽⼦。这种粽⼦以

⽟⽶⾯为主料，以⽕腿、腊⾁或⾹肠为馅料，还加进橄榄、葡萄⼲，⽤新鲜蕉叶包成长⽅形，每个重约半公⽄，焙⼲蕉叶，粽

⼦即熟，剥开粽⼦，清⾹四溢。吃粽庆节，别有⼀番情趣。

中国少数民族的粽⼦

瑶族：瑶族做粽⼦⽤糯⽶配腊⾁条、绿⾖，包“枕头粽”，形似枕头，每个约250克。也有在糯⽶中加红糖、花⽣等制成素

馅凉粽⼦。

畲族：畲族粽⼦，民间称牯⾓。⽤箬叶将糯⽶包成四⾓。再⽤龙草捆扎，⼗个⼀串，有的⼈家还要在包粽⼦时加菜、⾁、

红枣等做馅。煮粽常⽤灰碱⽔，粽⼦煮好后，⾊黄⽓⾹，可存放半⽉。

傣族：傣族过端午也吃粽⼦，还要过“粽⼦节”。据说“粽⼦节”是为了纪念⼀对因婚姻遭⽗母反对⽽殉情的青年男⼥。在这

⼀天，凡未婚的傣家⼩伙⼦都要拿粽⼦包，与姑娘们相会在⼤龙潭的芒果树下，男⼥围成圈，姑娘唱起情歌，⼩伙⼦吹叶⼦伴

奏。然后⼩伙⼦把粽包送给中意的姑娘。

⽑南族：⽑南族也过端午节，但节⽇的意义与汉族不同，民间称为“药节”。过药节时，习惯采艾叶、菖蒲、黄姜等草药熬

⽔饮汁，或⽤这些草药作馅包粽⾷⽤。民间认为端午吃这种包馅粽粑可以解毒去病。

和最⼩的粽⼦

⼴西壮族出现过的粽⼦，它是将芭蕉叶垫在⼀个特⼤的⽅形笼格中，内放50公⽄淘净并拌有酱油的糯⽶，再拌⼊⼀只去

⽪⾻、切成⼩⽅块的猪腿的⾁，⾯上复⼀层芭蕉叶，隔⽔蒸熟，这种粽⼦壮族⼈叫“⼝粽粑”，可供⼀家三⼝吃两个⽉。

据⾹港的媒体介绍，⾹港有9位⽼⼈，曾经包了1只重36公⽄的粽⼦，供250⼈⾷⽤。1989年端午节，台湾彰化县曾制作

⼀只特⼤粽⼦，重达350公⽄。⼴东⼀带包的粽⼦个⼉特⼤，煮熟后1只粽⼦端到桌上，四个年轻⼈居然没法将它吃掉。

粽⼦还有最⼩的，在上海⼀些酒楼饭馆中，宴席点⼼供应“迷你粽”，⼩得象⼿指⼀般，每50克糯⽶加4⼩块⽕腿，可包4只

⼩粽⼦，⽩线缠绿叶，玲珑淡雅，*⼀件⼯艺品，让⼈爱不释⼿，舍不得剥⽽吃之。