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世俗的意思

更新时间:2025-12-16 22:22:28 阅读: 评论:0

古希腊文明-瞬间的风


2023年3月15日发(作者:儿童诗仿写)

托福写作同义词转换国内考生常用的表达=高分表达

(一)名此类:

thatonetrieshardto《。=名1司one'sundertakings/one'scommitments

tisthat...=Therealityisthat...

=happiness/delight/enjoyment

s=sorrow/griefhazard/peril(后面这个词语气很强,危险程度非同…般)

[派生]dangerous;hazardous

ion-schooling(指学校教育,家庭教育则用upbringing/parenting)

[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角由说的,比如children^

upbringing;而parenting是从家长的角度来说,比如nsibleparenting.

iment/advertising

如果你写过关于广告的题目,就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertiment/

advertising有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化,

比如commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告),flyers(传单广告,北京最常见

的形式就是“135****,办证”),billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者non-profit

advertiments^public-interestadvertiments(公益广告)

^automobile

iccrisis=economicmeltdown(彳艮接近)/recession(这个一般仅

仅还是衰退)/theGreatDepression(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)

people^celebrities(单数为celebrity(娱乐界)名人;名声)^eminent

person(知名人士)

eings(备考生使用过多)=humankind=humanity(注意这个词的单

数指人类,复数指人文学科)/thehumanrace

[相关]=fortune(s)(fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数)wealthy/

affluent(adj.)富裕的

ill[派生]skilled

~technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法,而不是technology科技)

adept/adroit(adj.)

iontosth.=method=methodology(国外学术写作中超级常用的词,基

本就是method的故作高深版)

=field=sphere(ofactivityorinterest,thesphereofinternational

politics)/domain领域/arena舞台二graspof?commandofoption

ation-collaboration

tructureinacityoracountry^infrastructure

ess=fatigue"疲劳,疲乏"

tof=isaprerequisitefor(是..的必备先决条件)

ernet-theinformationhighway(—篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次

是常事儿)

y~integrity“诚实,正直"=veracity

belief=faith(in)

rticularpurpo=aim=intention

s=anxieties(是的,这两个词的确都可以加复数)

nce^impact//implication/repercussion反响^reflection

nceoneachother=mutualinfluence(类彳以的表达还有mutualrespect,

mutualtrust和mutualunderstanding/interactionbetweenAandB/interplaybetween

AandB

fferentkindsof...=avarietyof.,./awidearrayof.../awiderangeof...

deasheldbymanypeople=misconceptionsprestige/sterling

=reputation-spectrum-recognitioncomponent(这个词不仅扌旨零件,在

学术写作中也经常指"部分")[相关]nsible(adj.)disparity-amechanismfor

aremedyforsth.(生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法,但学术写作中经常用来指某

种问题的解决方法,注意搭配的介词不同)

dents-unrulystudents(不守规矩的学生)/disruptivestudents(不遵

守记录的学生)

avior=unethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior(不道德行为)

zationsthathelppoorpeople^charities/charitableorganizations

ence[派生]^distinction

bedifferentfrom=bedistinctfrom(adj.)

^individual

ality-disposition

ss^enterpris(这里扌旨企业)

thataretoohigh=exorbitantprices价格过高的(exorbitanthousing

price)

eof...=theincidenceof...(后面…般跟坏事儿,比如unemployment/crime/

adia)

eenthusiasm=zeal热衷(rteaching/eal)/passion热

爱(haveapassionfor)

alglobalization文化全球化(有过多人使用这个词)=globalcultural

homogenization全球文化同一化过程

thatisnecessary=anecessity

thatisnewandinteresting=anovelty

thatisrare=ararity

thatpeoplearenotsureabout=uncertainties

language=auniversallanguage

s=companions

tion-recreation

-respectrespectsb./sth.-lf-esteemanddignity=holdsb./regard

[反义]lookdownon..treat...withcontempt=despi(v.)

-control=lf-discipline

alprisoner=convictinmate

peoplewhowalkonthestreet=alcoholicbeverages

erationsinhistory=pedestriansancestors

nwhobenefitsfromsth,=abeneficiaryofsth.

thatspreadsquickly=anepidemic(注意这个词虽然是・ic结尾,却

不是形容词)

npleasantwayoflife=miry

hatrequireslotsofeffort=anarduoustask

n-ntiment

-opponent/foe

oachtodoingsth./anavenuetowardssth.

minds^insularminds(狭隘的头脑或者观念)

-pastime/diversion消遣,分散注意力

ss=progression(经常指抽象的进步,比如写关于society/career/

technology的话题)

e^tback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)

ance=significance(当你用了一次importance之后,第二次不妨用这

个)-

=obligation(用于比较重要的责任)

ulty=hindrance妨碍/impediment阻碍/hurdles

refromyourclassmates=peerpressure

nswhocanworkproblems=laborforce/workforce(都是总体概念,而且

注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)

esthatexistforalongtime^persistentproblems/chronicdias

ithoutregularexerciradentarylifestyle

=conquence(表示消极的结果更多一些)

kofknowledge-considerationsignorance(注意在地道英文里,这个词

经常并不表示“忽视”,而是表示“无知”)

k=misfortune

e=adversity逆境,不幸/dilemma困境/predicament/hardship

^delinquencyoffen/criminalact

criminal^offender/

riouscrime-culprit/=perpetratorheinouscrime/felonya

aminorcrime=misdemeanorscarcity(of)/

-juvenile

ge(of)^dearth(of)=lackof"缺乏"

yoneplaceswhereanimalslive=habitat"栖息地”

nts^inhabitants居民townsman市民=dwellers

me=sparetime=leisure^vacation=relaxation

er^

(二)形容词类

pular-prevalent/ubiquitous普遍存在的

=genuine(trulyagenuinely)

=profound(深刻的,后面经常跟wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/

thoughts)

=powerful/mighty~vulnerable

hard-workingsindustrious"勤勉的"(注意不是industrial,而diligent那个词在美

语中是个挺大的词)」

h^lf-centered

cal=materialistic

(贬义)^conceited

=intelligent=beversatile

ict=lenient"宽大的,仁慈的"

ble=esteemed令人尊敬的entire=highly-respected

-realisticsophisticated(这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的)

tractive^veryappealing/fascinating/captivating

reful^cautious小心的

=disappointing^frustrating沮丧的

-inhumane/merciless残酷的

^stringent严厉的(后面一般跟laws,measures或者rules)=

overweight/obe(后面这个已经胖出病了)

interested=beabsorbedin/beengrosdin有兴趣

=tranquil安静的andrene(美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用)

sappointing=lamentable可怜的/pathetic可怜的感伤的

(for)=bebeneficial(to)=beinthebestinterests(of)

sgoodas=beinferiorto不如...好

erthan=besuperiorto比...好

ame=beidentical完全相同的/behomogenous/beuniform(后面两个

词比较正式,一般是说culturalglobalization的时候常用,现在理解为什么小幅

的名词叫schooluniforms了吧,就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服)

-monotonous/repetitivemundane(注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并

不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum单调的无聊的

Strange=complicated=intricateodd/bizarre/eccentric(weird有/点过于口语化了)

interesting-stimulating

beturnedback=beirreversible

eufulresults=productive

ent"distinctive与久不同的=diver/various各种各样的

派生:differently^distinctively

伤上Peoplearepaiddistinctivelybytheircontributions

=frequently经常=constantly不断地(Onefrequentlycitiedthefact

that...)

105.

106.

107mostsuitable=fitting合适的,适宜的/optimal最佳的,最理想的

=isolated/alienatedsolitary

lyinfluencedbysth.=besusceptibletosth.(一般是坏事情,比如a

dia/attacks)

s^redundant

110.

=distinguished=renowned著名的,有声望的

ve-desirable令人满意的/encouraging

njoyable=delighteddelightful

d=beavailable

understand(laws/rules/people)=bewildering/baffling/confusing"

不解,困惑”

116.

y=wholesome(注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说事物有

益健康,就可以用wholesome“合乎卫生的,健全的”)

rtheenvironment=eco-friendly(比如Bikingisfarmoreeco-friendly

thandrivingtheirSUVs.)

liarwith=bewell-acquaintedwith

s/anxious=apprehensive忧虑的,不安的・disturbing

th=beskepticalaboutsth.-quintesntial(这个语气非常强)

=justified

^unwarranted/unjustifiable

^enormous/massive/vast/colossal>numerous(注意要F艮可数名词)

=tiny/miniscule(后面一般跟抽象名词)/

nydifferentabilities=bewell-rounded面面俱到,多才多艺的proper=

appropriatepreci/~accurateunsightly

-quality=substandard不符合规格的(housing/accommodation/work/

goods/machines)

alifiedfor=beeligiblefor合格的,符合条件的

nt...=thecurrent.../theexisting...(比如thecurrentfinancialcrisis/the

existingenvironmentalproblems)

ed=antiquated废弃,过时的/obsolete废弃的,老式的

131.

extravagant/alavishlife

ssive(开明的,逐步的,经常用来形容government或者society)

carriedout=ulsory/atory强制的

uingwithlonghistory=time-honored(后面经常跟抽象名词,比如

tradition/practice/methods/heritage)

r=perpetual永久的

ant=significant/esntial/vital(这三个词的重要性依次递增)

135.-

=erroneous错误的,不正确的

dabitannoying=lengthy

fficult=daunting令人怯步的,使人畏缩的/formidable强大的,可怕

的,艰难的

preadinuncontrolledway=rampant猖獗的(后面经常跟负面现象,比

如crime,pollution或者discrimination)

146.

wrongopinionsincludingmanythings=skewed歪斜的/biad(这两

个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用,表示“有偏见的”)

=comprehensive(综合的,全面的)adequate/sufficient/ample/

abundant注意这四个(词的语气是逐渐递增的)complete(adj.)完全的完整的

h=excessive

ttle=minimal(注意不是minimum)

152.

153.

=pressing(problems)

155.--

managesth.~perform/conduct(注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是"从事")

s动词strengthen/fortify/reinforce/consolidatesth.

^enhance/better/boost(很少看到国内考生用better当动词,

其实在学术写作中bettersth.是挺常见的表达)

becomemorethan=exceed/surpass/

growfast=growdramatically/soar/rocket

fallfast=falldrastically/plunge/plummet

caubadeffects=counterproductive“达不到预期目的的"(其实地道英文写作里

这个词不见得和生产有关,只要阻止人们达到目的,都可以写它

counterproductive)

harm(vt.)[派生]harmful[派生]beharmfulto=damage^destroy/ruin(这两

个词比damage程度更重)(后面足艮thecityscape/scenery/spoil

environment)

undermine(后面跟抽象概念,比如stability/socialorder/harmony)jeopardize(后

面跟抽象概念,比如one*sfuture/one*scareer)

tarnish使失去光泽,玷污(后面跟one,sreputation/image)

sap伤元气,使衰竭/dampen抑制(后面跟one'nthusiasm/interest/confidence)

=aggravate/exacerbate使加居ljsth.

caubadeffects=counterproductive“达不到预期目的的"(其实地道英文写作里

这个词不见得和生产有关,只要阻止人们达到目的,都可以写它

counterproductive)

=weaken/erode(侵蚀)/control...(anegativetrend)curb扌中

制...(crime/pollution/economicrecessions)

-regulatesth.//ari(后者的主语一般是抽象概念,比如debate)

=refrainfromdoingsth.

eeffect禾利的影响^detrimental不利的,有害的(a(y.)~poathreatto

decrea^decline/dwindle特指逐渐缓慢的减少)dip/slip(/(后两个词用来指短

促的下降)

reduce=diminish使减少(多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题)

increa=augment增大(多用于政府投资类话题)

leadto=actasacatalyst

AhasmadeB+adj.=AhasrenderedB+adj./n.致使(这里的宾语B后面只能是跟

形容词或者名词)

AhasmadeBdosth.=Ahaspromoted/h.(注意这两个词后面的

宾语之后不能省略to)

muchhigher^considerably/substantially大体上,实质上/significantlyhigheralittle

higher=marginally['ma:d3inoli]少量地,最低限地higher/slightlyhigher/

fractionally极小地,微小地higher

=initiate(后者跟抽象概念更多,比如initiatetheconflict)/commence

=cea

ppear=disappear=goextinct^evaporate蒸发,消失

啊!].Iamasomewhatshyindividual,butIhavefoundthatwithinthemedical

environmentmyshynesvaporates.

...free=relea(prisoners/stress)

e^neglect/overlook

^bridgethegapbetweenAandB(注意这里bridge作动词)[反

义]widenthegapbetweenAandB

edtodosth.=becompelledtodosth.

mplainingaboutsth.=grumble['gtAmbl]aboutsth.“抱怨"

dtodosth.-pursuesth.(one'sgoal/one'scareer/businessinterests/

maximumprofit/hegemony)

carryout=implement使生效

turn...into...=convert...to/into...

spread=propagate传播,宣传/disminate(这两个词后面经常跟information/

ideas/belief这类名词)flourish/thrive

develop(这里作"培cultivate/foster/nurture(这三个词后面经常跟和养”的意思

教育有关的名词,比如aninterestinsocialissues)

湘关]fast-developingburgeoning萌芽的adopt(注意这个词不是adapt适应,而

是接纳,accept采纳的意思)build=constructgathermeasureteachsth.

garner『ga:no]“获得”,但这个词只能用在很正式的意思,而且略有贬义,比如

garnerfunding,garnersupportduringtheUNclimateconferenceatCopenhagengauge,

比measure稍正式一点-impartsth./inculcate['inkAlkeit谆谆教导sth.

(注意如果teach后面是人则不要善换)

start=create^initiate"开始,创造”多用于政府类话题

generate(一般是大规模的产生,比如generateemploymentopportunities/generate

taxrevenue/electricity)

breed(一般是产生消极的东西,比如conflict/crime/rentment)spawn(一般

是产生新事物,比如spawninventions/innovations)

support=espou[Pspauz]支持,后面跟某种重要的事业,类似的还有动词

champion(作动词不是冠军的意思了)和动词sanction66制裁,处罚,认可支持”

(它作名词则变成了“制裁”)

prai-compliment/extol(后面这个语气很强)

beworthyofsth二dervesth.值得拥有...例J:shedervesourpraiand

appreciation

support-buttress支持物,扶壁/bolster支持prove=confirmverify核证,查实

understand...tomean.../tobe...choosth./inlargenumbers

u-utilize/exploitrecycleworkassiduously

gain篇acquire(注意acquire/gainknowledge比learnknowledge在地道英文中

更加常见)

consider=contemplate/reflecton/ponder

meet=encounter,多用于政府,文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题provide=

affordsth.(在正式英文写作中,afford经常可以表示"提供”need=require(注

意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need,但如果主语是事物,则可以改用

require)

rai=elevate使振奋情绪,就是正式版的rai,但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养

小孩的意思

ch-haveanaffinityforsth./haveastrongattachmenttosth.

beunhappyabout=complainabout(v.)/bediscontendedwith(adj.)

askfor=request

looklikesth.=remblesth.

treat...poorly=mistreat.../abu..."虐待"

le=valuesth./treasuresth./cherishsth."珍惜,珍藏某物"

=maintain/prerve(这个词后面经常F艮traditions/culturalheritage/wildanimals/

naturalresources等)

keepmix...together=blend/combine/synthesizetackle/combat/addressdiscern

interpret...as...(很多时候这个词并不是口译,而是把...理解为....)

optforsth./opttodosth.

achieve=fulfill(one'sdream/one'sgoal/one'spotential/one'sobligation/one's

promi/one'stask)sproutup/mushroom

make...lessrious=relieve/ea/alleviate(作文中经常用到的搭配有relievestress/

alleviatepoverty/eathetrafficcongestion等)

pay...for(one'sloss)=compensate...for...

trytodosth.=trenuous/anarduous/apainstakingefforttodo

sth.

contributeto=reward...for.../pay...for(one'ffort)

acceleratesth./(大家应该已经

注意到了,新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的

重要性或者利弊,在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇)promote/

facilitate(这两个词都是及物动词,所以不需要跟to)preventthedevelopmentof

=hinder/impede/inhibit/obstruct...

esth.

ch=hate=abhor/detest/loatherent/holdagrudgeagainstavoid-

bypass/eschew避开/limit=restrict/constrain

isnotlimitedto...=shunisnotrestrictedto.../isnotconfinedto...(经常用来描述一

个trend不仅限于某个范围)

besosurprid=beastonished/beastounded/bestartleddecide=determine下决,L、

moveto...=relocateto...重新安置/havebeenrelocatedto...

comefrom...=originatefrom/in...

improve^boost/enhance(t匕如boostsolidarity增进团结/enhanceproductivity提

高生产率)

waste=u...lavishly

attack=assailu着手解决,质问”(语气更强烈)curtail“剥夺特权,缩减”(多

用于政府投资类话题)/

help=assistassistance

tup=establish

change=alter

change...alot=fundamentallychange.../radicallychange.../transform...

solve^address/combat

correct(vt.)=rectify(amistake)

takedown=demolish拆除,破坏/raze拆毁(谈到拆老建筑的时候常用)

ban...altogether/strictly/prohibit...

criticize=condemn/denounce这两个词一般用于政府类话(题,但不要用在教育

类)

increa=showanupwardtrend/beontheri

反义:showadownwardtrendhingeon=becontingenton(意思是:取决于)

dependon=relyon(意思是:依靠.)

dealwith=copewith

doone'sbesttodosth.=commitonelftodoingsth./strivetodosth./doone'sutmostto

dosth./sparenoefforttodosth.

uup=exhaust(energy/resources)/stretch(resources)tothelimitreportthe

detailsofsth.=hicdetail

cusingon...=...

spendAonB~dedicateAtoB

utoomuch...=stretch...tothelimit/putastrainon...

pour=discharge排放,(环境类话题常用,比如dischargechemicalwasteintorivers,

streamsandlakes)

getudto=getaccustomedto

dieout=goextinct

continuetoexist^persist

comewith...=beattendedby/beaccompaniedby...

broadenone'shorizons=expandone'soutlook/enlargeone'svision(broadenone's

horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)」

breakthelaw=violatethelaw

on=incarceratesb.

makelawsagainst...=legislateagainst...

[相关]law

legislation(名词,注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数,但是legislation不

能用复数)

obey服从,顺从=abideby/complywith/conformto(后面跟thelaw/rules/

regulations等)

commitacrime(注意作文中不要用makeacrime这样不地道的英文)reverttocrime

(这里的crime作不可数名词)

punish[派生]punishmentpenalize处罚penalty罚金

=stimulate(后面经常F艮imagination/creativity/interest/

economicgrowth等词V匚)

makeone'sdreamcometrue=fulfillone'spotential/attainone'sgoal

havetherighttodosth.=beentitledtodosth.

stickto=adhereto/clingto(注意后面这个有时候略带贬义)

meetthedemand/satisfytheneed

take...awayfromsb.=...(省略号中可以填入freedom/leisuretime/the

rightto等值得拥有的内容)

伤!I:Trafficcongestionandenvironmentalpollutiondeprivecity-dwellersofthe

healthylivingcondition.交通拥堵和环境污染剥夺了诚实居住者健康的生活环境

clearperspectiveofgoastray(作文中如果写青少年"误入歧途",

就不要再写getlost)

spendtoomuchtimeon=beaddictedto/bepreoccupiedwith/beobsdwith(这三

个词组的语气越来越强)

preparefor...=pavethewayfor.../laythegroundworkfor.../layasolidfoundationfor...

(为...・.・打好基础)〜

breakthebalanceAandB=uptthebalancestrikeabalancebetweenAandB(在A

和B之间争取一种平衡)

catch=capture抓住,捕获

think...as=regard...as/view...as/perceive...as

getridof=eliminate/removeabolish(多用于政府类话题,废除)

make...higher=driveup(后面经常F艮thecrimerate/unemploymentrate)more

andmore+adj.

副词Increasingly+adj.但要注意如果后面不是adj.而是noun,那么就可以用an

increasingnumberof(跟可数名词)/

anincreasingamountof(跟不可数名词)来代替primarily/principally/、、mainly

=chiefly

Intheolddays,..Traditionally,.../Historically,...

now-currently

Actually户Technically,...(严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上”,但在学术写作

中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常棒的词语)

verysoon^immediately/

notoftenatall=rarely

completely^entirely

tcarefulthought=ively

blindly=indiscriminately(不加选择的)/mechanically(机械的)onlyalittle/abit-

merely(注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换)

somewhat(注意只有alittle/abit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换)mainly

=primarily/principally/chiefly短语或句型

about=regarding/concerning/withrespectto/withregardtobefore^priorto...

afew=ahandfulof(iW注意仅指少数时acoupleof容易被挑剔的考官判为过于

口语化)

Although...,therealsituationis...

=Hypothetically,.../Theoretically,.../Intheory/Ideally,...—Butinreality,.../Butin

actuality,.../Butinpractice,...(Ideally指“理想化地说")

Mostyoungpeople...needstobechanged=Youngpeopletendto...=Youngpeople

typically...(tendto和typically都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达)is

cryingoutforreform(固定短语)

bepunishedbythelaw=bebroughttojustice

er=makeaconcertedefforttodosth.

=...

isbadon...=ispredictedon...

havenochoicebutto...=havenooptionbutto.../havenoalternativebutto...

beworthwhile=...beworththeeffort

andsoon=etc.(前面可加逗号)

isclolyconnectedthrough=isintrinsicallylinkedto...

bywayof(介词短语)

onthewhole=overall

inthisaspect=inthisregard=inthisrespect(这里不是尊重的意思,而是指某方面)

notwithstanding(请注意这三个词都是后面不是紧跟名词或者名词短语,而不可

以直接跟从句)

becauof=dueto/owingto(新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的

名词)

before(时间)=priorto

infact=asamatteroffact=inesnce/esntially(inesnce/esntially的意思是

“本质上”)

besidesapartfrom

about/around=approximately

Itisobviousthat...=Itividentthat...

stops.=oastandstill

besimilarto...=beakinto...(学术写作中相当常见的句型)

AisasadjasB=Aiqually+adj.=AbecomparabletoB同等的,相当的伤!]

Teachersshouldbepaidasmuchasthoofdoctors,lawyersorbusinessleaders.

=...shouldbepaidequallymuchtothobepaidcomparabletotho...

Itisimpossiblethat...=Itishighlyunlikelythat...

talwaysremainthesame.=arvedinstone(某事物并非一成不

变)

Ahighpercentageof...=Theproportionof...isveryhigh.(....的比伤!J彳艮

高)

Thecauof...is...=canbeattributedto/canbeascribedto...(可以归因于..・)=no

matter=

despite/inspiteof=regardlessof/irrespectiveof(注意nomatter后面一般F艮从

句,regardlessof和irrespectiveof后而面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语)talking

about.../speakingof=intermsof...(经常用来限制一个命题的适用范围,比如In

termsofculture,ermsoftraffic,itisinferior.)

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