2013年12月英语四级

大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷195(题后含答

案及解析)

题型有：gComprehension4.

Translation

PartIWriting

1．Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoapplyforfurther

uldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

正确答案：DearSir/Madam,IamwritingtoyouinthehopethatImay

obtainanopportunityforfurtherstudyinyouruniversity.I’maniorstudentof

managementmajoranddowellinmystudyatcollege.I’meagertolearnmore

’smore,Ialsoputtheoryinto

practice.I’veworkedasanassistantofthemanagerinanarchitecturecompanyto

coordinatetherelationshipamongdifferentdepartmentsfor3months,which

iversity,withits

excellenceinmanagement,foryour

timeandI’aithfully,Li

Wei

PartIIListeningComprehension

SectionA

听力原文：ekinds

ofexercimaybebetterthanothers.(1)Running,forexample,mayhelpprotect

gmayalsohelpuslivelonger.

doesnotmatterhowfastor

rtimentsfortherunningshoeNikesay,“justdoit”.

Recently,rearchersstudiedmorethan55,ne-fourthoftheadults

dyfoundtherunnerswereconsiderablyless

likelythannon-runnerstodieofanyformofdia,includingheartdia.(2)In

fact,therunnerslived,onaverage,ed

tonon-runners,runnersshowed30percentlowerriskofdeathbyanycaus,

includingheartattack,ons1and2arebadonthenewsreport

thebenefitofrunningaccordingtothenewsreport?2.

Howlongdidtherunnerssurvivethenon-runners?

2．

A．Itcanhelppeoplecuredias.

B．Itcanmakepeoplefeelhappy.

C．Itcanhelppeopleloweight.

D．Itcanhelpprotectagainstheartdia.

正确答案：D

3．

A．Oneyear.

B．Threeyears.

C．Fouryears.

D．Fiveyears.

正确答案：B

听力原文：(3)Morethan100millionpeopleinNigeriaarenotconnected

reonlyafewnetworksthatofferrviceanditiscostlyand

,anewprojectprovidesaresourceforofflineviewingatnocost.

Anon-profitorganizationcalledTheWiderNetProjecthasdevelopedtheoffline

viceputsmillionsofdigitaldocuments,multimedia

workandwebsitesontoarver.(4)Theinformationisthenavailabletostudents,

medicalworkers,andrearchersatnocost,

canaccessinformativewebsitesthateGranaryupdateverydaysuchasWikipedia,

KhanAcademy,ProjectGutenberg,MITOpenCourWare,andMIT

BLOSSOMS(whichisMathandSciencevideolessonsforhighschoolstudents).

Otherresourcesontherviceincludeuniversityandmedicalpublications,computer

software,ons3and4arebadonthenewsreportyou

thenewsreportmainlyabout?utheoffline

digitalinformationforfree?

4．

A．ThecostlyandundependablewebrviceinNigeria.

B．AnewnetworkprojectinNigeria.

C．AnewinformativewebsiteinNigeria.

D．TheresourcesonthewebrviceinNigeria.

正确答案：B

5．

A．Students,factoryworkersandrearchers.

B．Students,farmersandrearchers.

C．Students,medicalworkersandrearchers.

D．Students,medicalworkersandofficers.

正确答案：C

听力原文：Asinglecigarettesoldonastreetcornermaynotcostalot:

however,,considerthecostofhuman

life.(5)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysabout10peopledieofatobacco-linked

teaddsuptoalmostsixmillionpeopledyingfromsuch

diaveryyear.(6)Formostpeople,gan

sshowpeoplewhowanttostop

xpertsandformersmokersoffer

evenmoreeffectiveadvice:ifyouareconsideringstartingsmoking,don’g

ffectthehealthofanentire

country.(7)TheWorldHealthOrganizationsayslow-incomecountriesdependheavily

ethemoney,inpart,topaythecostsofhealthcare

illegaltradeintobaccoproductsisfurthertesting

ons5to7arebadonthenewsreport

ypeoplediefromsmokingeveryyear?t

hardtostopsmokingformostpeople?ow-incomecountriesspendpartof

thetaxesfromcigarettes?

6．

A．Sixmillion.

B．Tenmillion.

C．Sixbillion.

D．Tenbillion.

正确答案：A

7．

A．Theyareaccustomedtosmoking.

B．Theyhavetoomuchstress.

C．Theyhavenoeffectivewaystostopit.

D．Theyfinditcooltosmoke.

正确答案：A

8．

A．Ontheimprovementofeducation.

B．Ontheimprovementofinfrastructure.

C．Onthetreatmentoftobacco-relateddias.

D．Ontherescueofnaturaldisasters.

正确答案：C

SectionB

听力原文：W:Hi,Jason,nicetoeyouhere.(8-1)Iheardthatyoupickedupart

,youareanartistnow.M:Well.(8-2)Yes,Iamlearningart,but

there’sstillalongwaytogobeforeIbecomearealartist.W:Whatkindofartareyou

learning?M:Idrawallsortsofthings,butmostlyIliketodrawonthecomputer,

usingPhotoshopandthingslikethat.W:Oh,really?rd

tolearn?M:Oh,’sjustpractice.(9)Youknowifyoufeellikeyouwantto

drawoneday,thatmeansyou’reanartistIguess.W:Wow,Ididn’tevenknowthat.I

mean,Idopicturesforwebsites,butIdidn’tknowyoucoulddrawonthecomputer.

M:Oh,yes,Ican.I’vemademyownwebsiteaswell.W:peoplegoto

yourwebsite,whattheycane?M:(10)Justphotographsofme,myfriends,drawings

thatI’ddoeverythingmylf,everybutton,every

singlepieceofgraphicyouethere.W:I’msureit’lyI’mgoingto

ushownallyourworktoyourprofessors?Whatdo

theythink?M:Well.(11)Actually,that’spartofthegraduationrequirement.

sorswillcheckourwork

regularlyandgiveussuggestionsandinstructions.W:’sanewwayto

markstudents’ugetanAforyourwork.M:

meyouradviceafterwards.W:Sure.I’llcallyoulater.M:ons8to11are

themandoingnow?

istheman’sunderstandingofbeinganartist?npeopleefromtheman’s

website?themanmakehisownwebsite?

9．

A．Learningartasastudent.

B．Practicingcomputerskills.

C．PickingupPhotoshop.

D．Learningtoappreciaterealart.

正确答案：A

10．

A．Thowhopracticearthardcanbecalledartists.

B．Thowhohavethedesiretodrawcanbecalledartists.

C．Thowhoucomputerwellcanbecalledartists.

D．Thowhodopicturesforwebsitescanbecalledartists.

正确答案：B

11．

A．Photosofhimlf.

B．Photosofhisfamily.

C．Photosoffamousartworks.

D．Photosofhisprofessors.

正确答案：A

12．

A．Toattractpeopleofthesameinterest.

B．Topostupallhisworksofart.

C．Tomeetthegraduationrequirement.

D．Togetadvicefromotherartists.

正确答案：C

听力原文：W:yourtestgo?M:Muchbetterthan

itdidyesterday.W:Didyoupass?M:(12)NotonlydidIpass,butIgothighmarks!I’m

sohappy!W:kedreallyhardlastnightpreparingforit.M:

adn’tencouragedmetodomybest,I

wouldn’thaveeverbeenabletopass.W:Youdon’thavetothankme.(15)It’sjustpart

ofmyjobasyourcounlor.M:Didyoualwaysdowellinhighschool?W:No,in

fact,Iwasterribleattakingexams.M:Really?W:Sure,butmyteachersalways

ay,whenareyour

finalexams?M:Inabouttwomonths.W:Whendoyouplantopreparefortho

exams?M:(13)Well,moststudentsjustcramthenightbefore.W:Doyouthinkthat’s

agoodidea?M:No,IthinkIshouldstudyalittlebitatatime,startingafewweeks

beforetheexams.W:eyougoingtodoifyou

haveanyquestionswhileyou’restudying?M:(14)I’llgoandtalktomyprofessorsor

alearningsupportassistant.W:Soundslikeyou’velearnedsomethingufulthis

year!

doesthemanlooksohappytoday?moststudentsprepareforexams

accordingtotheman?llthemandoifhehasanyquestionsduringthe

study?therelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

13．

A．Hehasgotthefirstplaceinthetest.

B．Hehasgothighscoresinthetest.

C．Hehasbeenpraidbyhisprofessor.

D．Hehaspasdallofthetests.

正确答案：B

14．

A．Afewweeksbeforetheexams.

B．Afewmonthsbeforetheexams.

C．Afewdaysbeforetheexams.

D．Afewhoursbeforetheexams.

正确答案：D

15．

A．Askhisclassmates.

B．Lookupsomeinformation.

C．Goonlinetocheckthem.

D．Discussthemwithhisprofessors.

正确答案：D

16．

A．Classmates.

B．Motherandson.

C．Teacherandstudent.

D．Headmasterandstudent.

正确答案：C

SectionC

听力原文：AmyJohnsonwasaveryambitiousandenergetic

person.(16)Shedidn’thavemuchincommonwithothergirlsinherschool,however.

Sheplayedfootballbetterthanmostboysdidandunfortunately,shemadearather

tdidn’tactastheythoughtagirl

ghshewas

enthusiasticanddidherbest,

didn’edto

London,,however,wantedtohirea

idedtoflyalonetoAustraliatoprovethatshecouldflyaswell

offonMay

5th,tetookheroverVienna,Constantinople,

caughtinathunderstormandhadtomakeanemergencylandinginthe

dert.(17)brokentherecordto

rma,sheranintoastormandwasabletosaveherlfonly

neenginehad

beenbrokenduringherlastlanding,andshehadtocrushland.(18)HoweverAmyhad

provedthatshecouldflyandthatawomancoulddoanythingshereallyputhermind

nsonlatermarriedthepilotwhohadcometoherrescuein

wasTRUEaboutAmybeforeshebeganflying?stherecordofflying

fromEuropetoIndiabeforeAmybrokeit?sthesignificanceofAmy’s

flyingacrosstheworld?

17．

A．Shewaslikedbymanyofherteachers.

B．Shewasatherbestasatypist.

C．Shehadalreadymadelotsofmoney.

D．Shewasverydifferentfromothergirlsinherschool.

正确答案：D

18．

A．6days.

B．8days.

C．4days.

D．2days.

正确答案：B

19．

A．ShetanewrecordofflyingfromEuropetoIndia.

B．Sheprovedthatawomancoulddoanythingshereallyputhermindto.

C．Sheudtheshortesttimetocompletetheflightalone.

D．Sheflewatthehighestspeedeverknowntomentillthen.

正确答案：B

听力原文：Sayyougetintobed,preparedforahealthyvenoreighthours

ost?(21)Ifyouhavetroublesleeping

forafewdayshereandthere,takingstepstoimproveyoursleepshouldgetyouback

ststepforanyonewithsleepproblemsshouldbetotakeacareful

ansorganizingyoursurroundingsandactivitiesto

lcoholor

heavymealswithinthreehoursofbedtime.(19)Exerciisgreatforsleep,especially

’llgetthemostbenefitbyexercisingoneortwohoursbefore

owerorbathaboutanhourandahalfbeforebedtimecanalsobe

tion,rerveyourbedforsleep.(20)Ifyoucan’tsleep,getoutofbed,

gosomewhereel,dosomethingquiet,calmandrelaxing,gobacktobedwhen

you’dandwakeupatthesametime—withinahalfhour—

y,don’tmakeyourFacebookpage,BlackBerryorTVyourfinal

hedevicesforcommunicationisclearlyeating

gfriends,playingcomputergamesorjustwatchingTV

stimulatesourbrainsandbodies,andtheextralightweexpoourlvestowhenwe

ons19to21arebad

fthefollowingishelpfulforfalling

asleepaccordingtothepassage?ouldwedoifwecannotsleepaccording

tothepassage?sthebesttitleforthispassage?

20．

A．Sippingaglassofwinebeforegettingintobed.

B．Drinkingacupofteaonehourbeforegettingintobed.

C．Exercisingoneortwohoursbeforebedtime.

D．Takingahotshowerhalfanhourbeforebedtime.

正确答案：C

21．

A．Listentosomequietmusic.

B．Getoutofbedtillbeingsleepyagain.

C．Trytorelaxourmind.

D．Readsomeinterestingarticles.

正确答案：B

22．

A．ApproachestoGetaGoodNight’sSleep.

B．TheHarmofLackofSleep.

C．EffectsofModernTechnologyonSleep.

D．BenefitsofaGoodNight’sSleep.

正确答案：A

听力原文：Expertsinthefoodindustryarethinkingalotabouttrashthe

rants,colleges,hospitalsandotherinstitutionsaretryingtolowerthe

etrackingtheirtrashwithsoftwaresystems,

y

30percentoffoodintheUnitedStatesgoestowaste,costingsome$48billion

annually.(22)Arecentstudyestimatedthat40to50percentoffoodintheUnited

anstudentsatVirginiaTechweresurpridthisyearwhen

theyenteredtwoofthecampus’sbiggestdininghallstofindtherewerenocafeteria

dentsaidwithouttrays,studentstooklessfoodanddidn’teatmorethan

theyshould.(23)Gettingridoftrayshascutfoodwasteby38percentatthecafeterias.

ThatsamephenomenonoftenhappensatOregon’sPortlandInternationalAirport.

Busytravelersoftenthrowhalf-eatenmealsintotrashcansandtheairportmustpay

airportiscarryingoutaprogramtoinstall

dwasteiscollectedandgiventothecitytouin

agriculture.(24)Besidesbeingenvironmentallyfriendly,thechangesmaysavethe

sabout$82tohaveonetonoftrashhauled,butfoodwaste

costsonlyabout$gbackonthewastecanrequirespending

resoftwaresystemsthattrackfoodbeing

etersonistheheadchefattheMGMGrandHotel.(25)Hewas

surpridwhenheinstalledthesoftwaresystemandsawthevalueoffoodthatwas

osts,Petersondecidedtoreducerving

ing

toarecentstudy,howmuchfoodwaswastedintheUnitedStates?he

cafeteriasinVirginiaTechcutfoodwaste?’sthepurpoofinstalling

food-onlytrashcansattheairport?thesoftwaresystemhelpreducethe

foodwaste?

23．

A．About40to50percent.

B．About30percent.

C．About38percent.

D．About30to50percent.

正确答案：A

24．

A．Bygettingridoftrays.

B．Byinstallingfood-onlytrashcans.

C．Byinstallingasoftwaresystemtotrackthetrash.

D．Byprovidinglessfoodforstudents.

正确答案：A

25．

A．Tolowerthecostsofhaulingfoodwaste.

B．Tosavemorefoodfortheworld.

C．Tokeepthediningroomclean.

D．Toreducetheeffortsofcooking.

正确答案：A

26．

A．Itcanstoremeasuresofhowtosavefood.

B．Itcancalculatethetotalamountoffoodoffered.

C．Itcanhelppeoplerealizethevalueofwastedfood.

D．Itcanconnectthefoodneededwiththenumberofcustomers.

正确答案：C

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

Manyoftoday’scollegestudentsaresufferingfromaformofshock.

nattractive,intelligent

twenty-year-oldcollege【C1】______,onlythreeyearslater,

【C2】______hermajorfourtimesandisforcedtohold

fersfromsleepingand

eatingdisordersandhasno【C3】______messheburstoutcryingforno

【C4】______happeningtoLisahappenstomillionsofcollege

ult,roughlyone-quarterofthestudentpopulationatany

timewillsufferfrom【C5】______themwillexperience

depressionintenenoughtocallfor【C6】______yofthem【C7】

______theideabecautheydon’twantpeopletothinkthere’ssomethingwrong

retworeasonstoday’scollegestudentsaresufferingmorethan

saweakeningfamilysupport【C8】______.Today,with

highdivorcerate,r

problemis【C9】______astdecadetuitioncostroaboutsixty-six

percentatpubliccollegesandninetypercentatprivateschools.【C10】______,most

edepressingtostudentstobefacedwith

theaddedtuitioncosts.A)apparentI)intimateB)automaticJ)juniorC)Conquently

K)professionalD)ConsistentlyL)recalledE)declineM)structureF)delightful

N)switchedG)financeO)symptomH)financial

27．【C1】

正确答案：J

解析：此句缺少表语中心词，因此判定应填入一个名词。根据空格前的college

和下一句的threeyearslater可知，Lisa是大三女生，所以选J)。

28．【C2】

正确答案：N

解析：根据句子结构可知，所填词为动词作谓语。所填词需和major搭配使

用，所以选N)。switchmajor的意思是“换专业”。

29．【C3】

正确答案：I

解析：空格处应填入一个形容词，修饰friend。句中提到“她睡眠和饮食紊

乱”，由此可以推测她没有密友，所以选I)。

30．【C4】

正确答案：A

解析：所填词应为一个形容词，修饰reason。根据上文提到的状态可以推测

出，她经常莫名哭泣，所以选A)。

31．【C5】

正确答案：O

解析：由句子结构可知，空格处应填入名词，作suffer的宾语。由空格后的

depression可知，此处所填名词应与其语义相符，故O)符合题意，表达“抑郁的

症状”之意。

32．【C6】

正确答案：K

解析：由help可知，所填词应为形容词。根据前文提到的depressioninten

enough可知，他们的精神抑郁已经相当严重，需要获得专业的帮助，所以选K)。

33．【C7】

正确答案：E

解析：根据句子结构可知，所填词在句中作谓语，且为动词原形。由句首的

But和后面的theydon’twantpeopletothink…可知，他们拒绝求助医生，所以

选E)。

34．【C8】

正确答案：M

解析：由句子结构可知，所填词应为名词。结合句意可知此处要表达的是“家

庭支持结构”，structure意为“结构，构造”，故为正确答案。

35．【C9】

正确答案：H

解析：由空格后的pressure可知，所填词应为形容词。根据后面的tuitioncost

ro可以推测出，学生学费压力很大，所以选H)。

36．【C10】

正确答案：C

解析：本句应填入一个副词。前面提到学费上涨很多，所以这里要表达的意

思是：因此大多数学生都要从事兼职工作。所以选C)。

SectionB

TheNutrientsinFoodA)Nutrientsarethepartsoffoodthatareimportantfor

,somenutrientsprovide

,,some

nutrientshelpcontroldifferentprocessofthebodyliketheabsorptionofminerals

andtheclotting(凝结)

nutrientsaredividedintofivegeneralgroups:carbohydrates(碳水化合物),fats,

proteins,ydratesandFatsB)Thefirstgroupofnutrients

retwokindsofcarbohydrates:starches(淀粉)andsugars.

Bread,potatoes,,soft

drinks,jelly,ydratesare

,forinstance,is

oesnotbuildbodytissuesor

earetoomanycarbohydratesinthebody,theyare

ystoresfuelasfat.C)Therearetwotypesoffats:animal

,cream,andthefatinbacon(熏肉)il,

cornoil,yhasfatundertheskinandaround

rageadulthas10to11kilograms(20to25

pounds)tattoomanycarbohydratesandfats,theycanadd

another45kilograms(100pounds)ebody

neednergy,bohydratesareudfor

nsD)Thethirdgroupofnutrientsis

d“protein”comesfromaGreekwordthatmeans“offirst

importance”.Proteinsare“offirstimportance”becautheyarenecessaryforlife.

ean

importantpartofallthemuscles,organs,skin,yhas22different

ionistscalleightoftheaminoacidsntialbecauthebody

retwokindsofproteins:completeproteinsand

teproteins,whichthebodyneedsforgrowth,haveallthe

,fish,poultry(家禽),eggs,milk,andcheehave

leteproteins

teinsinvegetablesandgrains,for

instance,stoformcompleteproteinsfrom

incompleteproteinsare:(1)tomixvegetablesandgrainscorrectly,or(2)toaddasmall

ycanthenuthe

completeproteinswhichresultfromthemixtures.E)Extraproteininthebodycanbe

lsobechangedtocarbohydratesand

ledonoteatenoughcarbohydratesandfatsfortheenergythat

theyneed,ebodydoesnothavethe

tiousdietincludes

carbohydratesandfatsforenergy,lsF)Thefourth

antwentydifferentmineralsareinthebody.

Threeofthemostimportantmineralsarecalcium(钙),phosphorus(磷),andiron.

esandtheteethhave99percentof

lehaveenoughcalciumandphosphorus,theirbones

tion,theirmuscles,nerves,andheartwill

heageof

19,whodonotdrink

threeglassofmilkdailycaneat50hamburgersor56applestogetthecalciumthey

need.G)nmeatshaveiron:liver

rains,nuts,somevegetables,anddried

eisnotenoughironintheirdiets,peoplewillgetadia

thatiscommonlycalledanemia(贫血症).

eironcarriesoxygen,

peoplewhodonothaveenoughirondonotgetenoughoxygenfortheirnormal

who

mestheirskinlookswhite:itdoesnotlook

nsH)Nutritioniststhinktherearethirteenvitaminsthat

nsareimportantbecautheypreventdiasandhelpcontrol

whodonot

tomobileaccidentshappen

intheeveningbecaupeoplewholackvitaminAdonotetheroadwellafterthey

nAinthedietcomesfromdeepyellow

fruitsandvegetables,darkgreenleafyvegetables,andwholemilk.I)Whenpeople

haveenoughBvitamins,ins

inthedietcomefromsomemeatsandvegetables,milk,cottagechee,andwhole

rainisprocesd,mple,thereisabig

ceisprocesd,thebrownoutside

wnoutsideofricehasanimportantBvitaminwhichwhitericelacks.

Inshort,brownricehasmoreBvitaminsthanprocesdrice.J)VitaminCkeepsthe

nC

inthedietcomesfromtomatoes,citrus(柑橘类植物)fruitslikelemonsandoranges,

nDiscalledthe

“sunshine”oplesitoutside,ultraviolet(紫外线的)raysfromthesun

nDisalsoincod(鳕鱼)liveroilandthe

nDhelpsthebodyabsorb

sbuildstrongbones,anditpreventsadiainchildrenthatiscalled

rickets(佝偻病).Whenchildrenhavethisdia,theirbonesbendbecautheydo

sisldomfoundinsunny,sismore

commonincountriesthathavelongwinterswithlittlesunshine,incitiesthathave

pollutionthatkeepsthesunout,andintownssurroundedbymountainsthatkeepthe

snoonefoodthatisntial,buttherearenutrientsthatare

necessaryforgoodhealth..Ifpeoplewanttobehealthyandactive,theyneedtoget

hybodyneedscarbohydrates,fats,proteins,minerals

andvitamins.

37．Thebodywilluproteinforenergyiftherearenotenoughcarbohydrates

andfatstoconsume.

正确答案：E

38．IfpeoplehaveenoughVitaminC,theycangetrecoveredfastfromcutsand

burns.

正确答案：J

39．Sugar,inandofitlf,isthepureenergyandcontainsnoothernutritional

value.

正确答案：B

40．Vegetableproteinsourcesareoftenlackinginesntialaminoacids,as

oppodtoanimalproteinswhicharegenerallyconsideredcompleteproteins.

正确答案：D

41．WithoutenoughvitaminAinthediet,peoplearemorelikelytodevelop

visionproblems.

正确答案：H

42．Milkandhardcheesarehighincalciumwhichcontributestohealthy

bonesandteeth.

正确答案：F

43．Ifyouhaveapoordietconsistingoftoomanycarbohydratesandfats,your

bodywillstoremorefatthantheaverageadult.

正确答案：C

44．ThowhodonothaveenoughVitaminBwillsufferfromlackofappetite.

正确答案：I

45．Ricketsisldomfoundintropicalcountriesbecauinsuchcountriesthere

inoughsunshine.

正确答案：J

46．Nutrientsareclassifiedintofivemajorgroups:carbohydrates,fats,proteins,

mineralsandvitamins.

正确答案：A

SectionC

InLondon,overhalfofthehomesbuiltbetween1919and1980hadone

n2002and2012theproportionof

vehicleskeptingaragesatnightdroppedfrom22%to14%.Thisisinpartbecau

salsobecaubig

moderncarsdonotfitinoldergarages,saysDavidLeibling,

rustwhenleftoutside,andmanyaremoredifficulttosteal:between2003and2013

thenumberofvehiclebeingstoleninEnglandandWalesfell76%.Instead,garages

oldersunabletomovetolarger

homeshavetakentofillingtheirgarageswithunnecessaryandunwantedthings.

Somegarageshavebeenconvertedforagingparentsfortheirconvenience,saysPaul

Bishop,,someyoung

peo

addition,,moreoftenthan

not,r,manypubliclyownedgarages

6,000garagesownedbyHackneycouncil,around40%arefree.

Over3,000garagesownedbytenhousingassociationsareunudandthelandthey

takeupisunfitforbuildinghomesupon,saysSteveO’Connell,acouncilor(议员)at

s

helessconvertinggaragescan

betroublesome,ncilsare

tproposal

toturnsomegaragesinnorthLondonintosheltersforthehomelesshasbeenrejected:

gplanningpermission

canbecomplex,anddevelopingonlocalauthoritylandisoftenfacedwithvarious

egaragesthemlves,theplansmaybeulessand

abandoned.

47．IntheviewpointofDavidLeibling,manygaragesareunudforvehiclesin

that______.

A．thenumberofvehiclesinthegaragesbeingstolendecreasby76%

B．bigmodernvehiclesarecoveredwithrustwhenplacedinthegarages

C．bigmodernvehiclesdonotsuitoldergarages

D．somefamilieshavemoregaragesthanvehicles

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。本题考查大卫·雷柏林认为许多车库没被使用的原因。

定位句提到，运输专家大卫·雷柏林说，也因为现代化的大型汽车与老旧的车库

并不匹配。C)中的suit是原文中fitin的同义转述，故答案为C)。A)“车库里被

偷汽车的数量下降了76％”与第一段第六句的信息不符。原文提到，英格兰和

威尔士被偷汽车的数量下降了76％。这个数字统计的是放在车库外面的汽车，

而非车库里面的，故排除；B)“现代化的大型汽车放在车库里会生锈”是对第一

段第六句的曲解，原文只提到汽车放在车库外面很少会生锈，并未提及放在车库

里面会如何，故排除；D)“一些家庭拥有的车库比汽车多”与第一段第四句“一

些家庭拥有的汽车数量比车位数量多”相矛盾，故排除。

48．WhatdoesPaulBishopsayaboutgarageconversion?

A．Theconvertedgaragesprovideaneasylifeforoldparents.

B．Itismoredifficulttoconvertthegarageforagingpeople.

C．Emptygaragescanbeudtottlesocialproblems.

D．Agingparentsfilltheirgarageswithulessthings.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。本题考查保罗·比绍普提及的车库改造的信息。定位句

提到，有一些车库被改造，专为上了年纪的父母提供便利。由此可知，改造后的

车库使年老的父母生活便利，故答案为A)。B)“为老年人改造车库更困难”，原

文未提及，故排除；C)“空闲的车库可以用来解决社会问题”，第一段末句提到，

如今的车库却用来解决一连串不同的问题。但保罗·比绍普并未提及是社会问题，

故排除；D)“上了年纪的父母在车库里堆满了无用的东西”，第二段第一句提到，

无法搬去更大房屋的家庭养成了将不必要和不想要的杂物堆放到车库的习惯，并

非是上了年纪的父母堆放的，而且这也不是保罗·比绍普提及的信息，故排除。

49．Forsomeyoungpeople,theneedlessgarage______.

A．isrentedbythemtomakemoney

B．isenasachoiceofaccommodation

C．isperfecttostoremusicinstruments

D．isanidealplacetofreelyhostparties

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。本题考查多余的车库对于年轻人来说的用处。定位句提

到，一些无法或者不愿意离开家的年轻人可以选择居住在车库里。由此可知，车

库对这些年轻人来说是一个可以选择的住处，B)中的achoiceofaccommodation

是原文anoptiontoliveinthegarage的同义转述，故答案为B)。A)“被年轻人出

租挣钱”是对第二段第四句的曲解。原文提到，车库可以租给喜欢音乐的年轻人，

而不是被年轻人出租，故排除；C)“是存放音乐设备的理想场所”和D)“是自

由举办派对的理想场所”均是对第二段末句信息的偷换概念。原文提到，车库是

自由演奏音乐的理想场所，演奏音乐和存放音乐设备及举办派对是不同的概念，

故排除。

50．Whatdowelearnaboutpubliclyownedgarages?

A．40%ofthemarerentedfreeofchargetothecouncilors.

B．Manyofthemhavebeenpulleddowntomakewayforhous.

C．40%ofgaragesownedbyHackneycouncilhavebeenoccupied.

D．ManyoftheminBerlinhavebeenconvertedintosmalloffices.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。本题考查公共车库的信息。原文第三段末句提到，这种

想法已经在许多地方付诸实践，比如柏林。根据上文，这种想法指的就是将空置

的公共车库改造成小型办公室，故答案为D)。A)“40％的车库免费租给议员们”

是对第三段第二句中free的曲解，原文中free意为“空闲的”，而非“免费的”，

而且原文也未提及租给议员们的信息，故排除；B)“许多公共车库被拆除用来建

造房屋”与第三段第三句不符，原文提到，车库所占用的土地是不适合在上面建

造房屋的，故排除；C)“哈克尼委员会所拥有车库的40%都被占用了”与第三段

第二句矛盾，原文提到的是40％的车库都是空置的，故排除。

51．Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A．Fewcouncilorsareoppodtotheconversionproposal.

B．Localresidentspermitthehomelesstoliveinthegarages.

C．Thelocalauthorityagreeswiththeplanningofgarageconversion.

D．Itiscomplicatedtoobtaintheplanningconnttotheconversion.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。本题考查最后一段的信息。定位句提到，获取规划许可

是复杂的，D)中的complicated是原文中complex的近义词，且选项中的obtainthe

planningconnt是原文中的gettingplanningpermission的同义转述，故答案为

D)。A)“很少有议员反对改造提议”与最后一段第二句相矛盾，原文提到，几

乎没有委员会有足够的热情真正支持车库改造，故排除；B)“当地居民允许无家

可归的人住在车库里”与最后一段第三句不符，原文提到，议员们担心当地居民

会不同意，故排除；C)“地方当局同意车库改造计划”与最后一段末句不符，原

文提到，这些规划可能会毫无用处并被放弃，故排除。

Workerswithskillsinscience,technology,engineering,and

mathematics(STEM)een

askeydriversofproblem-solvingandeconomicgrowth,whowillhelpshapethe

ouad,aprofessorofeducational

psychologyattheUniversityofWisconsin-Milwaukee,andhercolleaguessurveyed

morethan5,000womenwhohadgraduatedfromsomeofthetopuniversitieswith

undthat40percenthadeither

ethantwo

decades,

mostpart,Fouadfoundthat

whatreallypushedwomenoutwereuncivilworkplaceclimates,theexpectationto

putinlonghoursoffacetimeintheoffice,andthefeelingthattherewaslittle

omenwholeftthefieldlessthanfiveyearsago,

two-thirdspursuedbetteropportunitiesinotherfields—72percentbecameeither

-thirdsaidtheystayedhomewithchildrenbecautheir

companiesdidn’taboutmakingthewomen

’sreallyabouttheclimateintheworkplace,Fouadsaid.

Evenwomenwhoarestayingconsiderleavingbecautheydon’thavesuperior

n’ir

colleaguesarenotciviltothem,lookdownuponthem,

findingsaddweightandcontexttopreviouslooksatwhymorewomendon’tgointo

ordon’viousstudiestendtoexplainthatwomenaren’t

“naturally”smartenough,rmore,Fouad

blemshouldbe

recognizedthatwomenaren’tleavingjustbecautheywanttospendtimewiththeir

’releavingbecauofthedifficultworkplaceclimateandlackof

pany,startingfromthemanagers,issuppodto

investinprofessionaltrainingwhichisbeneficialtothewomen’sdevelopmentand

advance.

52．ItiscommonlybelievedthatSTEMworkers______.

A．receivelesssalarycomparedwiththeirskills

B．arehelpfultopromoteeconomicdevelopment

C．aremorethanindemand

D．resolvedrivingproblems

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。本题考查对于科学、技术、工程和数学领域的工作人员

的普遍观点。原文第一段第二句提到，他们被视为发展经济的主力军。由此可知，

他们有助于促进经济发展，故答案为B)。A)“与他们的技能相比，他们的薪水

少了些”与第一段第一句不符，原文提到，他们的收入是最高的，故排除；C)

“他们超过了需求”是对第一段第一句的曲解。原文中的themostindemand意

为“最需要的”，也就是说，社会还需要更多这些领域的工作人员，而非已超过

了需求，故排除；D)“他们解决驾驶问题”是对第一段第二句的曲解。原文中的

drivers不是“司机，驾驶员”的字面意思，而是比喻义，指他们是解决问题的“主

力军”，故排除。

53．Thesurveyofmorethan5,000womenwithengineeringdegreesimplies

that______.

A．itiasyformentosolvetheengineeringproblems

B．itisdifficultforwomentograduatefromtopuniversities

C．menareliabletochooengineeringastheiruniversitymajor

D．itisdifficultforwomentosurvivethefieldofengineering

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。本题考查对5000多位具有工程学位女性的调查暗示的

信息。原文第二段第二句提到，40％的女性要么退出了这个行业，要么最初就未

进入这个行业。由此可推测，女性想在工程领域待下去是困难的，故答案为D)。

A)“男性轻易就能解决工程问题”和C)“男性上大学时倾向于主修工程学”，原

文均未提及，故排除；B)“女性很难从顶尖高校毕业”，原文虽然提及这5000

多位女性毕业于顶尖高校，但并未提及女性是否很难从这些学校毕业，故排除。

54．WhatisthefindingofNadyaFouad?

A．WomenlackconfidenceinSTEMfields.

B．WomenjustsacrificetheirSTEMworkforfamily.

C．WomenfaceaterribleworkenvironmentinSTEMfields.

D．WomendaretochallengeimpolitecolleaguesinSTEMfields.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。本题考查纳迪亚·福阿德的研究结果。定位句提到，福

阿德发现，大多数情况下，真正迫使女性退出这个行业的原因是不文明的工作氛

围……。由此可知，在科学、技术、工程和数学领域，女性的工作氛围是糟糕的，

故答案为C)。A)“在科学、技术、工程和数学领域，女性缺少自信”与第四段

第一句不符。原文提到，这不是关于让女性更加自信或者别的什么问题，故排除；

B)“女性仅仅是为了家庭而牺牲了她们在科学、技术、工程和数学领域的工作”，

尽管第三段末句提到，三分之一的女性表示，她们在家带孩子是因为她们的公司

未能解决工作与生活的冲突，但女性离开这些领域的原因众多，B)中的just过于

绝对，故排除；D)“女性敢于挑战科学、技术、工程和数学领域不礼貌的同事”

与第四段的信息不符。原文提到，她们的同事对她们不友好，这也是她们考虑离

开这类工作的原因之一。由此可知，她们并不是勇于挑战，而是考虑退出，故排

除。

55．ThepreviousstudiexplainthattherearefewwomeninSTEMfields

becau______.

A．theyareunwillingtocompetewithmen

B．theyarebetterpromotedinotherfields

C．theyarenotasintelligentasmen

D．theyarenotfondofsuchfields

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。本题考查先前的研究对于很少有女性从事科学、技术、

工程或数学这些领域工作的解释。定位句提到，先前的研究倾向于认为，女性“天

生”不够聪明……。C)选项是对此句的同义转述，故答案为C)。A)“女性不愿

意和男性竞争”和D)“女性不喜欢这些领域”，原文均未提及，故排除；B)“女

性在其他领域能够得到更好的晋升”，是纳迪亚·福阿德的研究结果，而不是先

前的研究结果，故排除。

56．NadyaFouadsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat______.

A．managersbefullyresponsiblefortheuncivilworkclimate

B．thecorporationmakewomenmoreconfidentandwir

C．thecompanyhelpwomenttletheirfamilyproblems

D．thecorporationofferwomenthechanceofpromotion

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。本题考查纳迪亚·福阿德的建议。原文最后一段第三句

和末句提到，她们离开是因为……缺乏晋升机会……公司应该投资有益于女性发

展和晋升的专业培训。由此可知，福阿德建议公司应该提供给女性晋升的机会，

故答案为D)。A)“经理应该对不文明的工作氛围负全部责任”，文章并未提及，

故排除；B)“公司应该使女性更加自信、更加明智”，不是纳迪亚·福阿德的观

点，故排除；C)“公司应该帮助女性解决家庭问题”，是对原文第三段末句的过

度解读，并非纳迪亚·福阿德的建议，故排除。

PartⅣTranslation

57．二十四节气(solarterms)的划分起源于黄河流域一带(YellowRiver

area)，是中国古代历法(calendar)特有的重要组成部分和独特创造。在古代中国，

人们常用二十四节气来表示季节更替和气候变化状况。节气的制定是我们祖先在

长期的农业生产实践中，逐步认识气象变化规律的结果。长期以来，甚至直到今

天，二十四节气在中国的农牧业生产(agriculturalandanimalhusbandryproduction)

中一直起着重要的作用。

正确答案：Thetwenty-foursolartermsisauniquecomponentandcreative

inventionoftheChinetraditionalcalendar,whichoriginatesfromtheYellowRiver

dtoindicatethealternationofasonsandclimatechangesinancient

ablishmentofsolartermsreflectedourancestors’knowledgeabout

ars,ithas

playedanimportantroleinChina’sagriculturalandanimalhusbandryproduction—

eventothisday.

解析：1．第一句由两个分句组成，主语是“二十四节气”，这里将“起源于……”

处理为从句形式。2．汉语多重复。第二句中再次出现了“二十四节气”，可以用

It来指代，“人们常用……来表示……”可以译为Itwasudtoindicate…。3．翻

译第三句时，首先要梳理出句子的主干部分，即“节气的制定是……的结果”，

所以可以译为Theestablishmentofsolartermswastheresultof….译文中，将“……

的结果”转译为reflected，即“反映了……”。4．最后一句中，主语“二十四节

气”同样处理为it，更简洁。