英译汉

第六单元 文 体 翻 译

第二节 法律文体

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法律文体：

法律文体包括宪法、法律、行政法规、条例、条约、合同、协议、契约、保证书等等，是

最为严谨、精确和正式的文体。因为法令、契约等文书需要严格规定义务、权利、行为准则的

涵义和范围，所以必须词义准确，文意确凿，丝毫不允许语义的模棱两可。

例：The option period shall be the period of 10 days starting from the 30th day after the execution of

this Agreement.

译：选择期为本合同执行之日30天后的10天。

改译：？

一、法律文体的特点

1、用词方面

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专门术语——明晰性，专业性

例：shall action rve

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外来词语——庄重性，权威性

例：estoppel alibi affidavit

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古词旧词

例：hereof whereby aforesaid

例：

1. He was awarded $500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.

awarded: 判给

damages: 损害赔偿

2. The testator died with issue.

testator: 立遗嘱的人

issue: 子女

3. Parties must wait for process to issue from the court.

process: 传票

2、句式方面

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句子冗长

例：Every person who, himlf, is exercising ordinary care, has a right to assume that every other

person will perform his duty and obey the law; and in the abnce of reasonable cau for thinking

otherwi, it is not negligence for such a person to fail to anticipate an accident which can be

occasioned only by a violation of law or duty by another person.

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结构复杂

例：in accordance with

pursuant to

subject to

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代词很少

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并列名词

例： rules and regulations 规章制度

duties and responsibility 职责

heirs and devies 继承人和遗嘱继承人

the custody, charge or care 抚养、管教或照看

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插入状语

例：If I shall during the hearing: (a) make default …; or (b) do suffer or omit any act …

又如：The Publisher may, if they think fit, decline to publish the Work.

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被动语态

3、格式方面

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指称间接性

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专有名词

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标点符号少

4、风格方面

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严谨缜密

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正式保守

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客观冷峻

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练习：

1. The master or the any other person signing this agreement on behalf of the property to be salved is

not authorized to make or give and the contractor shall not demand or take, any payment, draft or

order for or on account of the remuneration.

译文：为待救财产签订本协议，船长或其他人无权签发或给予任何现金、汇票或提款单作为酬

金，承包人不得要求或接受上述酬金。

2. Together with the right for the Tenant and the rvants friends and visitors of the Tenant in common

with the Lessors and Lessors’ other tenants of the said mansion and their rvants friends and visitors

to u the entrances courtyards passages staircas and lifts of any of the said mansion for the lawful

purpos of ingress and egress to and from the demid premis but subject to the stipulations

rervations and covenants hereinafter and in the Schedule hereto continued …

译文：承租人及其佣仆、朋友、访客与出租人以及该涉约房屋内的其他承租人及其佣仆、朋友、

访客共同有权使用该涉约房屋内的任何入口、院落、走道、楼梯及电梯，为法律允许之目的出

入往来于让渡房屋之内，但此项权利须服从于本约下文及附件之各项规定、保留及承诺。

二、法律文书的翻译

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合同

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工程合同：是关涉技术、经济、保险、法律等各个方面的综合性文件。英语的工程合同实质上

是科技英语和法律文书的结合体，因此具有这两者的特点：句式长，结构和逻辑关系复杂，用

语严谨缜密，语调客观冷峻等。但有时表层含义与深层含义不完全一致，翻译时除了像法律文

本一样对待，还要依靠相关的背景知识，认真分析原文的结构、内容和各成分间的制约关系，

领悟各章节、条款的潜在内涵，推敲判断字里行间的利害关系。

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1、准确理解原文

例一、

（a）Subject to paragraph (b) below, in cas of each and every occurrence, the Contractor shall

repay the actual cost incurred and paid by the Purchar to other contractors in question, or FF,

whichever is lower.

注：FF：fixed fee 或 fixed fund

译文：

（a）在遵守下述（b）段规定的前提下，对于每一次事件，承包方都应付还由该事件招致

的并已由买方支付给其他有关承包商的实际费用，或者偿还一笔固定金额，二者取其低者。

（b）No liquidated damages shall be due if the additional cost to the Purchar per occurrence

is less than FF.

大意：如果那一次事件中买方的额外开支低于固定金额，那就谈不上什么损害赔偿。

2、正确选择词义

例二、

Subject to the Contractor’s responsibilities and liabilities under the Contract, the Contactor

shall bear the amount of the retained liability (excess) stated in Appendix 12 in cas where the

Contractor is responsible for the loss, damage or injury.

责任？

保留责任？

损失和人身伤害？

译文：

在承包方应对设备的丢失、损坏或损伤负责的情况下，承包方应根据本合同规定的

承包方应付的责任和赔偿义务负担附件十二中所述的残余赔款额（即超额部分）。

Subject to the Contractor’s responsibilities and liabilities under the Contract, the

Contactor shall bear the amount of the retained liability (excess) stated in Appendix 12 in cas where

the Contractor is responsible for the loss, damage or injury.

3、不得随意省略

例三、

In the event that the Contractor fails to provide or carry out the Project Services in accordance

with the Contract, then without restricting the Purchar’s right to terminate the Contract, the

Purchar’s sole remedies shall be determined in accordance with the applicable provisions of this

Chapter 9.

译一：

如果承包方为按合同提供工程服务，购买方将按本第九章适用条款确定补救措施，但

是这种补救不限制购买方终止合同的权利。

译二：

如果承包方未按合同提供或执行工程服务，买方将可按本第九章有关条款单方面地确

定补救措施，而且还有终止合同的权利。

 作业：

LAW OF THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT

VENTURES

Article 1 With a view to expanding international economic cooperation and technological

exchange, the People’s Republic of China shall permit foreign companies, enterpris, other economic

organizations or individuals (hereinafter referred to as “ foreign joint venturers” ) to establish equity

joint ventures together with Chine companies, enterpris or other economic organizations

(hereinafter referred to as “ Chine joint venturers” ) within the territory of the People’s Republic of

China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit, and subject to approval by the Chine

Government.

Article 2 The Chine Government shall protect, according to the law, the investment of foreign

joint ventures, the profits due them and their other lawful rights and interests in an equity joint venture,

pursuant to the agreement, contract and articles of association approved by the Chine Government.

All activities of an equity joint venture shall comply with the provisions of the laws, decrees and

pertinent regulations of the People’s Republic of China.

The state shall not nationalize or requisition any equity joint venture. Under special

circumstances, when public interest requires, equity joint ventures may be requisitioned by following

legal procedures and appropriate compensation shall be made.

Article 3 The equity joint venture agreement, contract and articles of association signed by the

parties to the venture shall be submitted to the state’s competent department in charge of foreign

economic relations and trade (hereinafter referred to as the examination and approval authorities) for

examination and approval. The examination and approval authorities shall decide to approve or

disapprove the venture within three months. When approved, the equity joint venture shall register

with the state’s competent department in charge of industry and commerce administration, acquire a

business licen and start operations.

Article 4 An equity joint venture shall take the form of a limited liability company. The

proportion of the foreign joint venturer’s investment in an equity joint venture shall be, in general, not

less than 25 percent of its registered capital. The parties to the venture shall share the profits, risks and

loss in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.

If any of the joint venturers wishes to assign its registered capital, it must obtain the connt of

the other parties to the venture.

Article 5 The parties to an equity joint venture may make their investment in cash, in kind or in

industrial property rights, etc.

The technology and equipment contributed by a foreign joint venturer as its investment must be

really advanced technology and equipment that suit China’s needs. In ca of loss caud by a

foreign joint venturer in its practising deception through the intentional provision of outdated

technology and equipment, it shall compensate for the loss. A Chine joint venturer’s investment

may include the right to the u of a site provided for the equity joint venture during the period of its

operation.

If the right to the u of the site is not taken as a part of the Chine joint venturer’s investment,

the equity joint venture shall pay the Chine Government for its u. The above-mentioned

investments shall be specified in the contract and articles of association of the equity joint venture, and

their value (excluding that of the site) shall be assd by all parties to the venture.