2018年12月英语四级真题及答案

2018年12⽉英语四级真题及答案

2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级真题及答案

第⼀部分写作

2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)

2018年12⽉英语四级真题写作范⽂(店铺的挑战)

【作⽂⼀参考范⽂】

It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an

increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praid by people for its advantages, there are

still some disadvantages to be noticed.

First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, tho involved have to spend a large amount of money on

tuition and living expens, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for tho

students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themlves there, their academic

performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exerci a negative influence on

students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is

likely to produce some psychological problems for tho students, such as being solitary and gloomy.

From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can

not be neglected. What’s more, tho students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for the

勤上。其次，随着⼤城市的汽车和公交车数量的增加，空⽓污染已成为在⼤城市⽣活的另⼀个劣势，这些污染很有可能会危及

⼈们的健康。最后，⽣活在⼤城市的⼈会有承担更多的⽣活和⼯作压⼒，这对他们的⼼理健康也很不利。

在接下来⼏年这种现象会保持什么样的趋势呢?在我看来，住在⼤城市的⼈⼝会因享受⼤城市的便利⽽不断增加，然⽽⼈们也

应该注意到⽣活在⼤城市的弊端，想要应对各种挑战最好是⾃⼰时刻保持状态良好。

以上就关于四级作⽂的范⽂及解析，今年的作⽂话题依旧是围绕社会热点展开，从难度上看，没有超出同学们熟悉的话题，建

议同学们在今后的学习中也要注意对热点话题的关注，并且记忆常⽤表达结构，轻松输出⾼分作⽂。

2018年12⽉四级真题作⽂范⽂(毕业后的创业挑战)

【作⽂三参考范⽂】

The Challenges of Starting a Career after Graduation

lack of funds.

M: Was it romantic.

F: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all

Indians learn in school. I think it was during the 1600 and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child.

Question 20: What is characteristic of Savannah cats?

15. B) They are mostly crowded.

Section C

Passage 1

16. C) They provide residents with the resources needed.

17. B) By inspiring their creativity.

18. D) Their number incread modestly

Passage 2

19. C) It is an unusual cross breed.

20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.

21. C) They shower with them.

38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.

39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.

40. The author’s rearch centers around how food gets contaminated.

41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.

42. Chances are you will not fall sick becau of eating food picked up from the floor.

43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.

44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly conquences.

45. Rearchers found how many bacteria got into the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a

contaminated floor.

2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

匹配题3

How a poor abandoned Parisian boy became a top chef?

[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通⼼粉)-and-chee boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to

whole grain macaroni and real chee. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long

that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

[D] Nadeau says sugar and procesd foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America,

over 50 percent of our food is procesd food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-bad food. I think

we should try to rever that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and chee. Score

one point for the doctor,

zero for diabetes.

[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for

41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herlf, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

43. Diabetes patients are advid to eat more plant-bad food.

44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway the days.

45. Americans’ high rates of various illness result from the way they eat.

2018年12⽉英语四级阅读真题选词填空(第⼀套)

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this ction, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to lect one word for each blank from a list of

choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Plea mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a

outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related

illness. In many European countries, where diel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number

reaches tens of thousands.

A)ability I)exclusively

B)associated J)innovated

C)consciously K)regularly

D)constant L)relates

E)control M)sources

F)damage N)undermine

G)described O)vehicles

H)equals

2018年12⽉英语四级选词填空答案：

26. F damage (损害)

27. B associated (与……有联系)

28. M sources (来源)

29. D constant (不断的，常存在的)

30. G described (描述)

31. E control (控制)

32. H equals (等同于)

33. K regularly (经常地)

34. I exclusively (仅仅，唯⼀地)

35. O vehicles (车辆)

2018年12⽉英语四级选词填空答案解析：

26. F damage

空格所在句⼦的含义为：空⽓污染每年在福利费⽤⽅⾯给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最⼤的... ...发⽣在发展中国家。根据上

下⽂可知这⾥应该填⼊⼀个跟损失有关联的词汇，另外在语法上这⾥应该填⼊⼀个名词被devastating，“具有破坏⼒的”修饰，

所以我们应该可以确定答案为damage，“损害”n.

27. B associated

空格所在句⼦的含义为：这个福利数字包含许多与空⽓污染... ...的福利费⽤，⽐如健康与消费。根据语法上判断，这⾥应该填

⼊⼀个过去分词做costs 的后置定语，另外从语义上判断，associated with air pollution做cost的后置定语，表⽰与空⽓污染相

关的费⽤，语义上也符合上下⽂语境。

28. M sources

空格所在的句⼦的含义为：室内污染，包括像暖⽓和做饭⼀样的... ...。从语法上判断这⾥应该填⼊名词，并且这个名词是⼀个

⼤范围的词可以包括暖⽓和做饭，另外从语义上判断sources like home heating and cooking 表⽰像暖⽓和做饭⼀样的来源也

符合上下⽂语境。29. D constant

空格所在句⼦的句⼦，是28空所在句⼦的下半句，含义为：室内污染，包括像暖⽓和做饭⼀样的来源，在过去的⼏⼗年间...

...，尽管室内污染这个区域取得了⼀些进步。从语法上判断，这⾥应该填⼊⼀个形容词，另外从语义上判断，constant“不断

的，常存在的”，符合上下⽂语境。

30. G described

空格所在句⼦的含义为：Chris Murray 参与了这次报告，她把这次报告...为对⾏动的紧急呼吁。从语法上，这⾥应该填⼊⼀个

谓语动词，另外从语义上看，describe表⽰描述，符合上下⽂语境。

31. E control

空格所在句⼦的含义为：在所有造成过早死的不同危险因素当中，我们所呼吸的空⽓是⼀个领域，对于这⼀点个⼈⽆法... ...。

从语法上判断，本空应该填⼊⼀个名词，从语义上看，control 表⽰控制，符合上下⽂语境。

32. H equals

空格所词组的含义为：收⼊⼏乎... ... GDP的1%。从语法上判断，本空应该填⼊⼀个动词，从语义上看equal表⽰等同于，符

合上下⽂语境。

33. K regularly

空格所在句⼦的含义为：低中收⼊国家当约⼗分之九的⼈住在有空⽓污染的地区，在这些地区他们... ... 经受达到危险⽔平的室

外空⽓污染。从语法上判断，本空应该填⼊⼀个副词，

来修饰动词experience，“经受”，从语义上看regularly experience，表⽰经常经受，符合上下⽂语境。

34. I exclusively

空格所在句⼦的含义为：但是这个问题不... ...局限于发展中国家。从语法上判断，本空应该填⼊⼀个副词，修饰动词

limited，“局限”，从语义上看exclusively“唯⼀的，仅仅”，符合上下⽂语境。

35. O vehicles

空格所在句⼦的含义为：在许多欧洲国家，柴油车辆在近⼏年变得更加普遍。从语法上判断，本空应该填⼊⼀个名词，来被

diel修饰，，从语义上看diel vehicles表⽰柴油车辆，复合上下⽂语境。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this ction. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For

each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the

corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are bad on the following passage.

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of

miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New rearch

has found deep water rerves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could

only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）.

The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄⽔层）below this depth and found that rerves may be triple what

was previously thought.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become

profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that

pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the

gradual ttling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the

earth above.

Even though pumping from the depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the

largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.

Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that the deep wells may be the answer to

their vere water shortage. One problem with the sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than

shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the

cost. Rearch from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates

of the water rerves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some rearchers?

A) By building more rerves of groundwater.

B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.

C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.

D) By upgrading its water distribution system.

does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?

A)Computers will prevail over human beings.

B)Computers have unmatched potential.

C)Computers a re man’s potential rivals.

D)Computers can become highly intelligent.

does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become

profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that

pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the

gradual ttling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the

ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes,

D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.

2018年12⽉四级阅读理解真题答案(美国加州获取地下⽔)

【四级仔细阅读第⼀篇参考答案】

46. 【B】By drawing water from the depths of the earth。

答案解析：根据题⼲中的“California’s drought crisis”、“rearchers”定位到⽂章第⼀段第三句“New rearch has found deep

water rerves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis”意为“最新的研究表明，位于州地下的深⽔储量可以

帮助解决⼲旱危机”，B选项意为“通过获取地表下深处的⽔源...”与原⽂意义相同，且“drawing water”、“depth of the earth”可

以和“deep water rerves”、“under the state” 进⾏同义替换，因此B选项正确。

47. 【B】It was not considered worth the expen.

答案解析：根据题⼲，“从地下提取⽔源”可以得出哪些结论，定位到原⽂第⼆段的内容，前两句主要说从深⽔层提取⽔花费会

很⾼，尤其是第⼆句后半句“...,which means that pum ping will be expensive and there are other concerns”意为“抽⽔将会很贵

并且还会有其他问题”。对⽐四个选项，只有B选项，“认为这笔花费不值得”可以对应，为正确选项。A选项“By building more

rerves of groundwater”原⽂没有提及建⽴更多储⽔空间，为错误选项;C选项“建⽴更多的钻⼝设备”，原⽂没有提及可以排

除;D选项“升级分配系统”原⽂也未提及，排除。

48. 【A】The sinking of land surface.

答案解析：题⼲意为“提取地下⽔的结果是什么?”，根据关键词定位到原⽂第⼆段第三句“The biggest concern of pumping out

water from this deep in the gradual ttling down of the land surface”意为“从这个深度提取⽔源最⼤的问题就是地表会逐渐下

移”后⾯⼀句⼜进⼀步解释“As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the w eight of the earth

above.”“提取⽔源后，留下的空隙会被地表的重量压缩”。A选项意为“地表下沉”，符合原意，为正确选项，其他三个选项原⽂

均未提及。

49. 【D】They provide a steady supply of freshwater.

答案解析：题⼲问作者关于深井的观点。根据“deep well”定位到原⽂第三段最后⼀句话的前半句“Wells are much more

reliable sources of freshwater，...”意为“这些深井是⾮常稳定的淡⽔资源”，对应四个选项，只有D选项“他们提供了⼀种稳定的

淡⽔供给”符合，“reliable”和“steady”为近义词可替换，且有原词“freshwater”复现，因此为正确选项。

50. 【C】The cost may go up due to desalination.

答案解析：题⼲问“当深⽔层被⽤于淡⽔资源来源地，可能会出现什么现象”，根据题⼲要求定位到第四段第⼆句“ This means

that some wells may even need to undergo desalination a fter extraction, thus increasing the cost”意为“有些井可能在提取后

需要进⾏脱盐，因此会增加成本”，注意结果词“thus”，对⽐四个选项，只有C选项提及成本可能会因为脱盐上升，为正确选

项。

2018年12⽉四级阅读真题答案解析(⼈⼯智能)

does the author want to show with the example of Alpha Go`s victory?

/doc/ puters can become highly intelligent.

解析：⾸先按照题⽂同序原则以及关键词定位到⽂章第⼀段The Alpha Go program’s victory is an example of how smart

computers have become.该句为段落中⼼句，阿尔法狗这⼀科研项⽬的成功，是计算机变得聪明和智能化的⼀个例证。smart

同义替换intelligent，故D选项为本题正确答案。

52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

weigh the gains and loss before reaching a decision.

解析：通过acting ethically定位⾄⽂章第⼆段，第⼆段写到Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives.

Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their pasngers at risk?

作者在该段发问，是否机器⼈在⾯临选择时，可以通过判断、权衡得失、做出合理性选择?并举例：⼈⼯智能⽆⼈驾驶车在路

上⾏驶时，能否去避免撞到⼉童，并且这样会使乘客陷⼊危险，在这样两难的选择中，如何权衡得失，做出最合理的⾏为。所

以该题选择B选项。

53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?

to ensure that super-intelligent Al machines act ethically.

解析：根据关键词bigger challenge回⽂定位⾄⽂章第3段Teaching ethics to a machine even

more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.使得机器⼈具有道德判断意识甚⾄⽐⼈类更加智能，这或将成为⼈类

所⾯临的更⼤的挑战。故B选项为正选。

54. What do we learn from Microsoft’s “chat bot” Taylor?

could not distinguish good from bad.

解析：通过关键词“chat bot” Taylor可定位⾄⽂章第四段，尾句but转折处but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas.

When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.该句句意为：⼀

些⼈教泰勒种族主义的思想，但她却表达了关于希特勒积极的⾔论。可见泰勒不能区分善恶与好坏。故此题A选项为正确选

项。

55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

will prove to be an ast to human beings.

解析：本题为态度题，通过专有名词Eric Schmidt定位⾄⽂章最后⼀段Eric Schmidt is one of the boss of Google, which

own Alpha Go. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. 说AI对⼈类是积极的，也就是说，可以作为⼈类的⼀种资产。故选择

C。

由题可知，今年的四级阅读的选材和时下的热门话题和社会发展的趋势紧密相关。在选材语料上同样具有鲜活性、科学性和社

会性。从阅读理解的难以程度来看，虽然是⼀⽚科学性⽐较强的科普类⽂章，但在本质上同样是在考查阅读理解基本的解题能

⼒。在此，建议在今后备战四级阅读的各位考⽣，要以真题阅读为基础，逐步培养⾃⼰深度阅读理解的能⼒，学会总结解题思

路和⽅法，进⽽在阅读理解这⼀项取得⾼分。

第五部分翻译

【四级翻译真题原⽂】

由于通信⽹络的快速发展，中国智能⼿机⽤户数量近年来以惊⼈的速度增长。这极⼤地改变了许多⼈的阅读⽅式。他们现在经

常智能⼿机上看新闻和⽂章，⽽不买传统报刊。⼤量移动应⽤程序的开发使⼈们能⽤⼿机读⼩说和其他形式的⽂学作品。因

此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显⽰，尽管能⼿机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年⼈仍喜欢读纸质书。【四级翻译参

考译⽂】

Due to the rapid development of communication network, the number of Chine smartphone urs has grown at an

alarming rate in recent years. This has dramatically changed the ways of reading for many people. They now often read

news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers. The development of a large number of

mobile applications enables people to read novels and other forms of literature works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the

sale of paper books has been affected. But the survey shows that despite the steady growth of the mobile phones’ reading

market, more than half of adults still like to read paper books.

【四级翻译答案解析】

2018年12⽉四级翻译真题⼀共包含5句话，读完整个段落，我们发现其描述的是现如今⼀种普遍存在的现象，所以，在翻译的

过程中，⼴⼤考⽣选取⼀般现在时便可。确定完时态后，接下来我们要做的便是精简结构，具体如下：①由于......的......发

展，......数量......增长。②这......改变了......的......⽅式。③他们......，⽽不......。④......使⼈们能......⑤因此，......的......受到了影响。

⑥但......，尽管......，......仍......。掌握了上述结构之后，⼴⼤考⽣需要做的便是将段落中涉及的词汇进⾏翻译，再结合具体实际

采⽤不同的结构进⾏表述，最终呈现出完整的⽂章。“由于”⼀词的翻译我们通常采⽤“due to”⽐较地道，“通信⽹络”⼀词是计算

机科学技术领域的专有名词，译为“communication network”，“以惊⼈的速度增长”的常⽤表达是“at an alarming rate”。掌握了

以上这些关键点后，权衡好语句的表述重⼼，完整地译出整句话便不成难题。接下来的⼏句话中涉及的词汇并不是很难，只要

⼤家平时⼴泛阅读，勤奋积累，完