2018年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案

2018 年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题

试卷一 (Paper One)

Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)

Section A

Directions: In this ction you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end

of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once,

after you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choo the best

answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Listen to the following example.

You will hear:

Woman: I feel faint.

Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day.

Question: What’s the matter with the woman?

You will read:

A. She is sick. B. She is bitten by an ant.

C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.

Here C is the right answer.

Sample Answer

A B ● D

Now let’s begin with question Number 1.

1. A. On campus B. At he dentist’s

C. At the pharmacy D. In the laboratory

2. A. Pain B. Weakness C. Fatigue D. Headache

3. A. Their weird behavior at school.

B. Their superior cleverness over others’.

C. Their tendency to have learning difficulty.

D. Their reluctance to switch to right handedness.

4. A. John will be angry. B. John will be disappointed.

C. John will be attracted. D. John will be frightened.

5. A. They’re quite normal. B. They’re not available.

C. They came unexpected. D. They need further explanation.

6. A. He knows so little about Lady Gaga

B. He has met Lady Gaga before.

C. He should have known Lady Gaga

D. He is a big fan of Lady Gaga.

7. A. In the ward. B. Over the phone.

C. In the emergency room. D. On their way to the hospital

8. A. Health care B. Health reform

C. Health education D. Health maintenance

9. A. Learning to act intuitively.

B. Learning to argue academically.

C. Learning to be critical of onelf.

D. Learning to think critically and reason

10. A. She is a pharmacist. B. She is a medical doctor.

C. She is a scientist in robotics. D. She is a pharmacologist.

11. A. She’s pessimistic about the future.

B. She’s pessimistic about the far future.

C. She’s optimistic about the far future.

D. She’s optimistic about the near future.

12. A. Negligence may put a patient in danger.

B. Patients must listen to doctors and nurs.

C. Qualified doctors and nurs are in bad need.

D. Patients should be careful about choosing the right hospital.

13. A. The man works at eh ER.

B. The man can do nothing but wait.

C. The woman’s condition is critical.

D. The woman is a capable paramedic.

14. A. A gynecologist. B. A psychologist

C. A neurologist. D. A nephrologist.

15. A. She has only one friend.

B. She isolates herlf from others.

C. She suffers from a chronic dia.

D. She is jobless and can’t find a job.

Section B

Directions: In this ction you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you

will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D.

Choo the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Dialogue

Questions 16-20 are bad on the following dialogue.

16. A. Becau she couldn’t do other jobs well.

B. Becau it was her dream since childhood.

C. Becau she was fed up with all her previous jobs.

D. Becau two professors found talent in her and inspired her to do it.

17. A. The Self/Nonlf Model B. The Danger Model

C. The vaccination theory D. The immunological theory

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18. A. Being overactive B. Being mutant

C. Being lective D. Being resistant

19. A. It can help cure most cancers.

B. It can help develop new drugs.

C. It can help most genetic dias.

D. It can help change the nature of medicine.

20. A. We should ignore the resistance.

B. We should have the model improved.

C. We should have the experiments on animals.

D. We should move from animals to human.

Passage One

21. A. The profits form medical tourism.

B. The trendy phenomenon of medical tourism.

C. The soaring health care costs around the word.

D. The steps to take in developing medical tourism

22. A. Affordable costs B. Low pace of living

C. Five-star treatment D. Enjoyable health vacation

23. A. It is a$100 billion business already.

B. It is growing along with medical tourism.

C. Its costs are skyrocketing with medical tourism.

D. It offers more medical options than western medicine.

24. A. To t up a website for blogging about medical tourism.

B. To modify our lifestyles and health behaviors.

C. To buy and affordable medical insurance.

D. To explore online to get well informed.

25. A. A travel brochure.

B. A lecture on medical tourism.

C. A chapter of a medical textbook.

D. A webpage promotional material.

Passage Two

Questions 26-30 are bad on the following passage.

26. A. Song sparrows take good care of their babies.

B. Young song sparrows back the skills and experience of their parents.

C. There are different kind of song sparrows in different asons.

D. Young and old song sparrows experience climate change different.

27. A. In the warmer spring B. In the hottest summer

C. In the coolest autumn D. In the coldest winter

28. A. Becau they lack the skill and experience to find food.

B. Becau they have not developed a strong body yet.

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C. Becau they cannot endure the unusual heat.

D. Becau they cannot find enough food.

29. A. They are less nsitive to the effect of climate change thanks to their parents.

B. They are quick to develop strong bodies to encounter climate change.

C. They experience food insufficiency due to climate change.

D. They are as nsitive to climate change as the juveniles.

30. A. Body size B. Migration route

C. Food preference D. Population growth

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)

Section A

Directions: In this ction, all the ntences are incomplete. Four words or phras marked A, B, C

and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choo the word or phra that best completes the

ntence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

31. The medical team discusd their shared ____to eliminating this curable dia.

A. obedience B. susceptibility C. inclination D. dedication

32. Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up respon to pain, weakness, or

emotional_____is to ignore it, to tough it out.

A. Turmoil B. rebellion C. temptation D. relaxation

33. Tho depresd kids em to care little about others,____communication and indulge in their

own worlds.

A. put down B. shut down C. ttle down D. break down

34. The school board attached great emphasis to____ in students a n of modesty and a n of

community.

A. diluting B. inspecting C. instilling D. disillusioning

35. Our brain is very good at filtering out nsory information that is not______to what we need to

be attending to.

A. pertinent B. permanent C. precedent D. prominent

36. New studies have found a rather____correlation between the prence of small particles and

both obesity and diabetes.

A. collaborating B. comprehending C. compromising D. convincing

37. We must test our____about what to include in the emulation and at what level at detail.

A. intelligence B. imitations C. hypothesis D. precautions.

38. We must____the problem____, which is why our map combines both brain structure and

function measurements at large scale and high resolution.

A. t...back B. ver C. in D. down

39. Asthma patient doesn’t need continuous treatment becau his symptoms are rather____than

persistent.

A. intermittent B. precedent C. dominant D. prevalent

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40. It is simply a fantastic imagination to_____that one can master a foreign language overnight.

A. conceive B. conceal C. convert D. conform

Section B

Directions: Each of the following ntences has a word or phra underlined. There are four words or

phras beneath each ntence. Choo the word or phra which can best keep the meaning of the

original ntence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER

SHEET.

41. The truly competent physician is the one who sits down, ns the “mystery” of another

human beings, and often the simple gifts of personal interest and understanding.

A. imaginable B. capable C. nsible D. humble

42. The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.

A. conrved B. theorized C. realized D. persisted

43. Large community meals might have rved to lubricate social connections and alleviated

tensions.

A. facilitate B. intimidate C. terminate D. mediate

44. Catala activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decread exclusively in

subjects with active dia.

A. definitely B. truly C. simply D. solely

45. Ocular anomalies were frequently obrved in this cohort of offspring born after in vitro

fertilization.

A. Fetus B. descendants C. eds D. orphans

46. Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health menace facing our

children.

A. breach B. grief C. threat D. abu

47. A distant dream would be to deliberately t off quakes to relea tectonic stress in a controlled

way.

A. definitely B. desperately C. intentionally D. identically

48. Big challenges still await companies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.

A. applying B. relating C. relaying D. transforming

49. Concern have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected cognitive side effects, such

as memory loss, fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.

A. ensue B. encounter C. impede D. induce

50. A leaf before the eye shuts out Mount Tai, which means having one’s view of the important

overshadowed by the trivial.

A. insignificant B. insufficient C. substantial D. unexpected

Part Ⅲ Cloze (10%)

Directions: In this ction there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four

choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choo the best answer and mark the letter of your

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choice on the ANSWER SHEIET.

The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect lung cancer—the

three-dimensional imaging, improve detection of dia but creates hundreds of images that increa

a radiologist’s workload, which, 51 , can result in misd positive scans.

Rearchers at University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine prented 52 data on a CAD

(computer-aided diagnosis) program they’ve designed that helps radiologist spot lung cancer 53 CT

scanning. Their study was 54 by the NIH and the university.

In the study, CAD was applied to 32 low-do CT scanning with a total of 50 lung nodules, 38

of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were not found during initial clinical exam. 55 the

38 misd cancers,15 were the result of interpretation error (identifying an image but 56 it as non

cancerous) and 23 57 obrvational error(not identifying the cancerous image).

CAD found 32 of the 38 previously misd cancers (84% nsitivity), with fal-positive 58 of

1.6 per ction.

Although CAD improved detection of lung cancer, it won’t replace radiologists, said Sgmuel G

Armato, PhD, lead author of the study.” The computer is not perfect,”Armato said.” It will miss some

cancers and call some things cancer that 59 . The radiologists can identify normal anatomy that the

computer may 60 something suspicious. It’s a spell-checker of sorts, or a cond opinion.

51. A. in common B. in turn C. in one D. in all

52. A. preliminary B. considerate C. deliberate D. ordinary

53. A. being ud B. to u C. using D. u

54. A. investigated B. originated C. founded D. funded

55. A. From B. Amid C. Of D. In

56. A. disminating B. degenerating C. dismissing D. deceiving

57. A. were mistaken for B. were attributed to C. result in D. gave away to

58. A. mortalities B. incidences C. images D. rates

59. A. don’t B. won’t C. aren’t D. wasn’t

60. A. stand for B. arch for C. account for D. mistake for

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (30%)

Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each

question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choo the best answer and mark the

letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

When Tony Wagner, the Harvard education specialist, describes his job today, he says he’s “a

translator between two hostile tribes”—the education world and the business world, the people who

teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s argument in his book “Creating

Innovations: The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World” is that our K-12 and college

tracks are not consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the

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marketplace.”

This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly to such things as a high-wage, middle-

skilled job—the thing that sustained the middle class in the last generation. Now, there is only a high-

wage, high-skilled job. Every middle-class job today is being pulled up, out or down faster than ever.

That is, it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried

made obsolete faster than ever. Which is why the goal of education today, argues Wagner, should not

be to make every child “college ready” but “innovation ready”—ready to add value to whatever they

do.

That is a tall task. I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate. “Today,” he said via e-

mail,” becau knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device, what you know matters

far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity to innovate—the ability to solve

problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life and skills like critical thinking，communication

and collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge. As one executive told me, “We

can teach new hires the content. And we will have to becau it continues to change, but we can’t

teach them how to think—to ask the right questions—and to take initiative.”

My generation had it easy. We got to “find” a job. But, more than ever, our kids will have to

“invent” a job. Sure, the lucky ones will find their first job, but, given the pace of change today, even

they will have to reinvent, re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they

want to advance in it.

“Finland is one of the most innovative economics in the world,” Wagner said,” and it is the only

country where students leave high school ‘innovation-ready.’ They learn concepts and creativity more

than facts, and have a choice of many elective—all with a shorter school day, little homework, and

almost no testing. There are a growing number of “reinvented” colleges like the Olin College of

Engineering, the M.I.T. Media Lab and the “D-school” Stanford where students learn to innovate.”

61. In his book, Wagner argues that _____.

A. the education world is hostile to our kids

B. the business world is hostile to tho eking jobs

C. the business world is too demanding on the education world

D. the education world should teach what the marketplace demands

62. What does the “tall task” refer to in the third paragraph?

A. Sustaining the middle class.

B. Saving high-wage, middle-skilled jobs.

C. Shifting from “college ready” in “innovation ready.”

D. Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.

63. What is mainly expresd in Wagner’s e-mail?

A. New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.

B. Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.

C. Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.

D. Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.

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64. What is implied in the fourth paragraph?

A. Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.

B. Jobs changed slowly in the author’s generation.

C. The author’s generation led an easier life than their kids.

D. It was easy for the author’s generation to find their first job.

65. What is the purpo of the last paragraph?

A. to orient future education

B. to exemplify the necessary shift in education

C. to draw a conclusion about the shift in education

D. to criticize some colleges for their practices in education

Passage Two

By the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increa between one

and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, a levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic,

where the effects of climate change are most inten, the ri in temperature could be twice as much.

Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and

economic activity in Canada’s North are important to the country’s future, says Kent Moore, and

atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term,

international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie

delta.

The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of a ice in the region to

how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the

impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.

Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his rearch has already found

that thinning a ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food

chain: phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their

annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom.

“Animal behavior can evolve over a long time, but the climate changes are happening in the space

of a decade, rather than hundreds of years,” says Moore, “Animals can’t change their behavior that

quickly.”

A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the

Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more

feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make

decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.

Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European rearchers and

government agencies—will also u a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted

drones. “The drones have the capability of a large rearch aircraft, and they’re easier to deploy,” he

says, showing the rearchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able

to with piloted aircraft.

66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will_____.

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A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animals

B. increa the average world temperature by four degrees

C. cau more damages to the whole world than expected

D. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth

67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage,

the international study ____.

A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of Toronto

B. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change.

C. involves so many countries for different investigations

D. is intended to deal with various aspects in rearch

68. When he says, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly,” what does Moore mean by

that quick?

A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.

B. The widespread effects of global warming.

C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.

D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.

69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic_____.

A. becomes more difficult than ever before.

B. is likely to build a novel economy in the region.

C. will surely lower the average world temperature.

D. needs the rearch-bad supporting information.

70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the rearchers will_____.

A. involve more collaborating countries than they do now.

B. get more data to be required for their rearch.

C. u more novel technologies in rearch.

D. conduct their rearch at a regular basis.

Passage Three

Skilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain esntial as the basis of the

dia diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests.

Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined,

or even replaced in some cas, by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers. The molecular

characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and

inform its management. The new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）” or

“personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and rvice

delivery.

Genetic medicine, which us genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way, has, until recently,

been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have ud it to diagno or asss

risk of inherited dia. Recognition that most dia has a genetic component, the development

and application of new genetic tests to identify important dia subts and the availability of cost-

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effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare

rvices. In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and rvices need to

be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.

Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to u the genomic

technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties.

For some clinicians, particularly tho involved in clinical rearch, the advances are already a

reality.

However, a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical

practice, perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities

also means being aware of their limitations, media portrayals that indicate that genetic information

gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed, knowing one’s entire genomic quence is no

the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be，and physicians will need to be more familiar

with what is hype（鼓吹）and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream

medicine to be successful.

Finally, both professional and public should have a realistic view of what is possible. Although

the discovery of genetic risk factors in common dias such as heart dia and cancer has led to

important insights about dia mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic variants is

often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the

identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility

for them.

71. Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?

A. Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.

B. Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past.

C. Physical examination remains esntial in tine tuning a diagnosis.

D. Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.

72. What, according to the cond paragraph, can be said of genetic medicine?

A. It can offer solutions to all inherited dias.

B. It has been widely recognized among the physicians.

C. It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.

D. It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians.

73. The future of the genomic technologies, for the most part, lies in_____.

A. the greater potential of treating rare dias

B. the greater efforts in the relevant clinical rearch

C. the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ them

D. the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals

74. In the last paragraph, the author cautions against_____.

A. underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factors

B. unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative power

C. abu of genetic medicine in treating common dias

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D. unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics.

75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A. Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians.

B. Genetic medicine pos great challenges to medical practice.

C. Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine.

D. Genetic medicine is defined as “stratified” medicine.

Passage Four

Misconduct is a word that is always on professors’ minds. Incidents in the news tend to describe

the most rious violations of scientific standards, such as plagiarism for fabricating data. But the

high-profile infractions（违法）occur relatively rarely. Much more frequent are forms of misconduct

that occur as part of the intimate relationship between a faculty member and a student.

Faculty members don’t need to commit egregious acts such as xual harassment or

appropriation of students’ work to fail in their responsibility to their charges. Being generally

negligent as teachers and mentors should also be en as falling down on the job.

What we found most interesting was how respondents had less vehement（强烈的）reactions

to a host of questionable behaviors. In particular, they said that faculty members should avoid

neglectful teaching and mentoring. The included routinely being late for class, frequently

skipping appointments with advies, showing favoritism to some students, ignoring tho who

interests diverged from their own, belittling colleagues in front of students, providing little or no

feedback on students’ thes or disrtations, and take on more graduate advies than they could

handle.

The vast majority of US faculty members have simply not been taught how to teach. And the

respons suggest that they are subjecting young scientists-in-training to the same neglect.

To address this systemic issue, we must do a better job of exposing the current and next

generations of scientists to the rules of proper mentoring through minars. For instance, on online

modules. The societies of academic disciplines, institutions and individual departments can play a big

part here, by developing codes of conduct and clear mechanisms for students report violations.

The most rious behaviors are relatively easy to spot and address, but “inadequate teaching”

can be subjective. Still, if universities establish specific rules for academics to follow, real patterns of

abu will be easier to find. For instance, the rules could stipulate that professors must return

substantive feedback on drafts within 15 days, provide more than just negative feedback during a

student’s oral defen of their thesis, or be available regularly to answer questions.

To deal with faculty members who consistently fall short, universities should establish teaching-

integrity committees, similar to the rearch-integrity committees that handle issues of scientific

misconduct. The could receive reports from students and decide what action to take, either by

following a due process laid out in the faculty manual, or simply by adopting the same process as that

of other committees, such as for tenure applications.

76. What is implied in the first two paragraphs?

A. The misconducts are widely expod in the news.

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B. The high-profile infractions are not adequately reported.

C. The frequent minor misconducts derve more attentions.

D. The violation of scientific standards cannot be eradicated.

77. What, in the respondents’ mind, is the nature of showing favoritism to some students?

A. It is a rious high-profile infraction.

B. It is an interesting but avoidable behavior.

C. It is a punishable but avoidable misconduct

D. It is a questionable but non-punishable behavior.

78. The occurrence of neglectful teaching and mentoring among the faculty can be ascribed

to____.

A. their offering more cours than they can handle

B. their paying little attention to the students’ feedback

C. their receiving inadequate education in how to teach

D. their lacking interest in the areas other than their own

79. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a way to address the systemic issue?

A. Development of codes of conduct

B. Exposure online of the misconducts

C. Education about the rules of proper mentoring

D. Development of clear mechanism for reporting

80. What is mainly discusd in the last two paragraphs?

A. The approaches to addressing the problems of “inadequate teaching.”

B. The specific rules to punish tho who consistently fall short.

C. The different committees dealing with “inadequate teaching.”

D. The codes of conduct for the students to report violations.

Passage Five

Is the profession of medicine in retreat? I’m reminded of this with September welcoming a new

influx（流入）of medical students. A handful of them may be some of the wide-eyed enthusiasts

who attended a meeting at the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM) earlier this year about why they

should choo a career in medicine. Choo medicine, I said, becau it is a profession that allows

you to pursue many different paths, catering for the diver personalities that constitute any medical

school’s intake.

But I’m beginning to wonder if I misled them. Not just on the opportunities that will open up to

them and only be limited by their own ambition and abilities. No, I’m questioning something more

fundamental: the perception of medicine as a profession.

Doctors have traditionally embellished（润色）their day jobs with roles, for example, on

medical committees, college councils, and faculties for conferences, meetings and training cours.

Journal editors and associate editors are prime examples of doctors taking on an additional

responsibility to their full-time role.

The advantages of the outside interests and positions have been considerable for individuals

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and for the organizations that employ them. The organizations gain greater influence, open themlves

up to new ideas and alternative strategies, and can gain a competitive advantage. Doctors have

considered that the additional responsibilities are an important differentiator between medicine as

a profession and medicine as a factory job.

Yet times are changing. Clock-watching has become common place, with the European a

Working Time Directive being the most obvious examples. More troublesome for many nior

doctors is the issue of job planning, which is beginning to limit the additional roles and responsibilities

that doctors can undertake. Organizations are becoming more corporate and less enlightened.

Most doctors will find a way round this new regime, but short-term petty-minded boss are

beginning to view doctors as factory workers. Their limited vision considers doctors to be dangerously

independent, malfunctioning cogs（无足轻重的成员）in their wobbly health care machine, a

species to be controlled and beaten into the shape of appropriate widget（装饰品）.

Medicine was never meant to be governed by such tunnel vision, was it? Ultimately it will be

the less enlightened organizations who will fail. The organizations will perceive little value in

doctors spreading their wings and will treat them like factory workers, clocking on and off and filling

in timesheets. Doctors in the organizations will begin to wonder whether medicine is any longer a

profession when its practitioners are forced to cower（畏缩）before number crunches and bean

counters.

81. Why does the author wonder if he misled the prospective medicals students?

A. becau he misinformed them in their choice.

B. becau he worries about medicine as a profession.

C. becau he questions their ambition and competence.

D. becau he is not sure about their diver personalities.

82. Which of the following is NOT a benefit for the employers from their doctors taking on

additional responsibilities?

A. more positions B. greater influence

C. greater competitiveness D. more exposure to new ideas

83. What is the most probably message from the passage?

A. Most employers are short-term petty-minded.

B. Medicine is becoming more like a factory job.

C. Doctors’ role and responsibilities change all the time.

D. Senior doctors are challenged with a shrinking market

84. In the last paragraph, the author ems to warn _____.

A. the government against limiting the doctors to take additional roles

B. the organizations against viewing doctors as factory workers

C. the practitioners against taking on additional responsibilities

D. the doctors against spreading their wings too widely

85. What is the author’s purpo of writing the passage?

A. To advi the organizations to be open-minded.

13 / 17

B. To remind the readers of medicine as a profession.

C. To question the role of taking on an additional position.

D. To explain the advantages of taking on an additional position.

Passage Six

Scientists have a duty to talk to the public. Why? Becau social policies need to be decided on

the basis of rational grounds and facts. The include important issue ranging from climate change to

the goals of the space program, to the protection of endangered species, to the u of embryonic stem

cells or animals in biomedical rearch. Both the public and policy makers need to understand not

only the scientific justification for our work but also, in some cas, why we deem our studies to be

morally justifiable.

The time is ripe for a more open, public and honest debate about the role of scientific

experimentation in animals. What follows are some of my thoughts on this topic. I hope this

perspective encourages other scientists to join the discussion and prompts opponents of animal

rearch to create an atmosphere where civil discour can take place, free of the threats, harassment

and intimidation（恐吓）that are increasingly directed at biomedical scientists and their families.

Criticism to the u of animals in biomedical rearch rests on varied scientific and ethical

arguments. One extreme view holds that information gathered from animal rearch cannot, even in

principle, be ud to improve human health. It is often accompanied by catchy slogan such as “If

society funds mou models of cancer, we will find more cures for cancer in mice.” It is argued that

the physiology of animals and humans are too different to allow results from animal rearch to be

extrapolated （推断）to humans.

Such a blanket statement is falsified by numerous cas where experimentation on animals has

demonstrably contributed to medical breakthroughs. The experiments on cardiovascular and

pulmonary function in animals that began with Harvey and continued with the Oxford physiologists

established the understanding of what the heart and lungs do and how they do it, on which the modern

practice of internal medicine rests. Modern medical practice is inconceivable in the abnce of the

insights gained from the experiments. Anticoagulants were first isolated in dogs: insulin was

discovered in dogs and purified in rabbits; lung surfactants were first extracted and studied in dogs;

rabbits were ud in the development of in vitro fertilization; mice in the development of efficient

breast cancer drugs and so on.

For the sake of completeness, it must be noted that the other extreme—the notion that all medical

advances are a result of animal rearch—is fal as well. Important medical advances, such as

sanitation and the discovery of aspirin, were conducted without the u of animals.

86. The scientists need to talk to the public for the purpo of ____.

A. disminating the findings of their rearch

B. addressing a wider range of issues of the public concern

C. justifying their work both scientifically and morally

D. helping the public better understand their work

87. In the cond paragraph, what topic is raid for discussion?

14 / 17

A. The atmosphere for civil discour.

B. The role of scientific animal rearch.

C. The pressure on biomedical scientist.

D. The opposition of scientific animal rearch.

88. On which of the following do the opponents of the animal rearch ba their extreme view?

A. The physiologic differences between animals and humans.

B. The catchy slogans ud to oppo animal rearch.

C. The overu of mice in cancer experimentation.

D. The inadequate funds in animal rearch.

89. To falsify the blanket statement, the author cites all the following EXCEPT_____.

A. isolation of anticoagulants in dogs

B. the purification of insulin in rabbits

C. the extraction and studies of lung surfactants in dogs

D. the u of mice in the development of in vitro fertilization

90. What message does the author try to convey about the scientific experimentation in animals?

A. It should be ud with caution becau of its possible fal results.

B. It plays an irreplaceable part in biomedical science.

C. It can be replaced by other experimental models.

D. It plays a less important role than it ud to.

试卷二 (Paper Two)

Part V Writing (20%)

Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chine. Read it carefully and then write a summary of

200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary cover the major

points of the essay.

未来医学发展趋势

根据现代医学的发展轨迹和社会的发展趋势，未来20 年或 30

年，医学将发生很大的变化。

一、医学的任务将从以防病治病为主逐步转向以维护和增强健康、提高人的生命质量为

主。在未来寻求医学服务的，不再仅仅是患者，而会有相当数量的正常人;

寻医问诊的人，也不仅仅是因为躯体的缺欠或某个系统有病患的患者，相当多的人是为得到

生活指导和心理咨询而求医;

医生开出的不会全是去药房取药的处方，还有如何提高生活质量的处方。医学的对象将从以

患者为主的模式逐步转变成为面向整个人群的模式。因此，整个社会卫生资源的配置将重占

分为两极，即社区医学服务与医学中心。有相当数量的医生是从事社区服务的全科医生，而

比全科医生多得多的，在某种意义上来说，更直接、更有效、更节省资源的是社区护理队伍

不再只是在某医院、某时期的病情档案的记录，而是其一生的健康与疾病变化的记载。预计

在不久的将来，作为医学咨询或医疗、预防等辅助手段，电子医疗和网上医院一定会走向社

会，走入市场，但必须强调的是：无论科学怎样发达，诊断或治疗手段如何先进，电子医疗

、远程会诊都不能代替最基本的医生与患者面对面直接的诊疗。各种先进的医疗手段都很重

要，但最重要的还是医生的基本功，而医生使用计算机的能力只是医生的基本功之一。

三、医学工作的范围将从“出生到死亡”扩展为“生前到死后”。既往，人们认为

“人从生到死，总离不开医生”。如今，在人还未出生的时候（胎生期），医生就可以对某种

疾病做出正确的诊断，并可进行外科治疗，从而矫正畸形、修复缺损，待手术完毕，再把胎

儿还纳子宫，使胎儿正常发育，待其成熟后娩出。此时不仅畸形或缺损得以矫正，而且连瘢

痕都没有，这就是所谓的胎儿外科。当今的医院儿科还只是从新生儿开始，在不久的将来，

在妇产科和儿科之间，将出现一个新兴的交叉学科-

胎儿学科。现在，脑死亡者是个宝贵的卫生资源，在医学领域不仅具有可供利用、造福世人

的价值，更具有研究的价值，如：器官保存，组织与细胞的保存与增值，都是新的研究课题

和有发展前途的医学新领域。

2018年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题答案

Part I Listening Comprehension

略

Part II Vocabulary

Section A

31-35:DABCA 36-40: DCBAA

Section B:

41-45:BBADB 46-50: CCDDA

Part III Cloze

51-55:BACDD 56-60: CBDCD

Part IV Reading Comprehension

Passage one

61-65: DCDDB

Passage two

66-70: DDADD

Passage three

71-75: ACBBC

Passage four

76-80: CDCBA

Passage five

81-85: BABBA

Passage six

86-90: CBADB

Part V Writing 略

内容仅供参考！（内容由有衫收集整理，如有侵权联系删除）