财务报表分析论文(Financialstatementanalysis)

财务报表分析论文（Financial statement analysis）

For financial statement analysis, plea refer to:

Talking about the analysis of enterpri financial accounting

report

Try the financial and operating results ultimately reflected

in the financial report, so the financial accounting report is

a major source of information of enterpri operators,

shareholders, creditors and potential investors to understand

and grasp the business situation and development level. In

order to make the financial accounting report urs understand

and grasp the real economic connotation of the enterpri

financial accounting report, we must u the scientific method

to carry on the comprehensive analysis. The financial

statements of an enterpri are mainly compod of accounting

statements, accounting statements and financial statements

(except for enterpris that do not prepare and provide

financial statements). Then, how to analyze the accounting

statements and footnotes, I think the following aspects should

be carried out:

I. Analysis of enterpri performance

Financial accounting report urs are more concerned about the

operation of enterpris, such as income, profits and other

indicators of completion, and compared with the same period of

the previous year, such as changes. Specific analysis can be

carried out from the following aspects:

(1) analysis of the composition of enterpri income;

The income of the enterpri mainly includes the main business

income and other business income. Among them, the main business

income is the most important corporate income indicators, the

analysis of the indicators, you can u the current income

compared with the same period of the previous year, the general

u of the last three years of data as well. In the main business

income analysis process, we must pay attention to the

proportion of revenue items in the total amount of revenue, in

order to understand the main business of enterpris in the same

industry status and development prospects. The main business

income shall have an absolute share of the total revenue of the

enterpri, otherwi, the enterpri shall be deemed to be in

an abnormal economic condition or who main business is not

outstanding.

(two) analyzing the profitability of enterpris

Profit index is one of the most important indicators of economic

benefits. Through the analysis of this index, we can understand

the level of profitability and development prospects of

enterpris. We can also evaluate the stability of enterpri

profit sources by obrving the share of operating profit,

investment income, subsidy income and out of business net

income in total profits of enterpris.

(three) analyze the influence of cost and expen on enterpri

profit

Cost is an important factor affecting business profits. Under

the condition of certain income, the lower the cost, the greater

the profits of the enterpri, and vice versa. This can be

verified by lling profit margins or cost margins. At the same

time, the need for further decomposition of the cost, in order

to understand the project cost proportion, so that managers can

effectively compress the expens to get the maximum output

with minimum input.

Two, ast management efficiency analysis

For enterpris, the operation ability of each ast reflects

the management level and efficiency of the existing asts. The

higher the efficiency of the u of asts, the faster the

turnover, reflecting the better liquidity of asts, the

ability to repay debt is stronger, the asts of enterpris

have been fully utilized. Analysis on the efficiency of ast

management, mainly through the following indicators, namely,

accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover rate,

investment return rate, turnover rate of fixed asts and

current asts turnover and total ast turnover.

Accounts receivable turnover rate, usually by aging analysis

method, the key analysis should be the quality status of

accounts receivable, evaluate the rationality of accounting

method for the loss of bad debts, bad debts and bad debts, but

also a concrete analysis of its caus.

Analysis of inventory turnover, mainly to the index with the

same industry and enterpris before the year is compared, but

also affect the inventory turnover rate of individual factors

for further analysis, such as raw materials, mi-finished

products, finished goods inventory turnover, in order to find

out the root cau of the level of inventory turnover.

The analysis of the return on investment mainly depends on the

period of investment and the payback period of investment, so

as to know whether the investment of an enterpri is effective

and how much the degree of investment risk is.

The analysis of the turnover ratio of the three major asts

(liquid asts, fixed asts and total asts) mainly depends

on the efficiency of the u of asts and whether there is any

bad asts.

Three, solvency analysis

Solvency is the ability of an enterpri to pay its due debts,

including the ability to repay short-term and long-term debt.

Debt paying ability is the most concern of creditors. In view

of the safety of enterpris, more and more attention has been

paid to shareholders and investors. The solvency of an

enterpri is mainly through liquidity ratio, quick ratio,

ast liability ratio, shareholder equity ratio and interest

protection multiple.

1. generally, the liquidity ratio is 2, which is ideal. But

there are different requirements for different industries,

For non productive enterpris, liquidity is mainly cash and

liquidity receivable due to less inventory. Its low liquidity

ratio is also reasonable.

2. generally speaking, the quick ratio is more suitable for 1.

However, due to the possibility of longer accounts receivable

in current asts, the actual solvency of an enterpri will

be affected. In order to make up for the limitations of this

ratio, the objective evaluation of the solvency of an

enterpri can also be assd by using an overspeed ratio.

The index is to u the company's quick asts, that is,

monetary funds, short-term curities, notes receivable and

the reputation of the customer's accounts receivable to reflect

and measure the liquidity of enterpris and short-term

solvency. The index becau of the important factors removed

has nothing to do with the cash flow such as prepaid expens

and the impact of the quick ratio of credibility as credibility

is not high customer accounts receivable, therefore, to

objectively evaluate the firm's liquidity and short-term debt

paying ability.

3. generally speaking, the ast liability ratio is 60%, more

appropriate. The ratio is too low, indicating that the

enterpris do not have a strong n of debt management, the

ratio is too high, and the financial risk of enterpris is too

great.

4., for the shareholder equity ratio, the index value is large,

indicating the high risk of financial structure, the protection

of the interests of creditors is lower; and the value of this

index is small, is a low-risk financial structure.

5. what is the surplus of interest paid by the interest

guarantee times?. The higher the value of the index, the smaller

the business risk, the greater the ability to repay the debt.

Four. Cash flow analysis

The cash flow statement is ud to reflect the firm's ability

to create net cash flows. The analysis of the cash flow

statement, due to information and help urs to understand the

changes in statements of enterpris in a certain period of cash

inflow and outflow, forecast future cash flow during the

evaluation of enterpri financial structure and ability to

repay the debts, determine the enterpri to adapt to external

environment changes, adjust the room for cash payments, to

reveal the relationship between enterpris the level of

profitability and cash flow. Since the objectivity of cash flow

is related to other indicators, the analysis of cash flow can

be a good complement to other indicators.

1. cash flow and sales income ratio. The ratio reprents the

cash flow earned for each one yuan sales income. The higher the

ratio, the better the effect of cash flow, the stronger the

ability to pay.

2. cash flow and operating profit ratio. The ratio reprents

the cash flow earned for each one yuan operating profit. The

higher the ratio, the higher the quality of the business is,

the more profits the company will make in cash.

3. net cash flow to net profit ratio. The ratio shows the amount

of net cash inflow from operating activities in each net profit

realized, reflecting the level of the net profit of the

enterpri and the ability of the enterpri to pay dividends.

4. cash flow rate of return on asts. The ratio reflects the

cash flow per dollar of asts. The higher the ratio, the higher

the efficiency of the u of asts.

5. debt to cash ratio, the ratio of net cash flows from operating

activities to average current liabilities. Becau the profit

year does not necessarily have enough cash to repay the debt,

so the implementation of debt cash flow index system bad on

the u of cash, can fully reflect the business activities

generated net cash inflow to what extent can guarantee the

payment of current liabilities.

Five. Analysis of notes in financial statements

Becau the content stipulated in the financial statements has

certain fixity and stipulation, only the quantitative

financial information can be provided. As an important

supplement to the accounting statements, the annotations of

accounting statements mainly explain and explain the contents

that are not included in the accounting statements or the

details of the disclosures. The analysis of the important

matters is esntial. It helps to inform urs of the dynamics

of the business and to identify the existing problems and

development potential of the enterpri and to make investment

decisions. The notes are of value to urs of financial

reports include contingencies and events after the balance

sheet date and related transactions.

1. an analysis of a problem or a matter. "Business" or "event"

means an uncertain state or situation that may result in an

enterpri's profits or loss. Becau of the conquences of

or have to wait for the future of the event or not happen to

be confirmed, so the enterpri generally should not be

recognized or contingent liabilities and asts. But must be

disclod in the report, the common contingencies have

already discounted commercial acceptance or liabilities,

pending litigation, arbitration or the formation of contingent

liabilities, providing debt guarantee for other companies or

liability, the issues could lead to the loss of funds of

enterpris, is the potential financial risks of the

enterpri.

2. events after the balance sheet date.

After the date of the balance sheet items, items from the

balance sheet date to the financial report quoted on the

approval between the need to adjust or explanation. The

matters have both favorable and unfavorable aspects of

enterpris, financial report urs through analysis of

matters, can quickly determine the important matters will

bring certain economic benefits for the enterpri or the

enterpri will suffer significant economic loss.

3., related transactions. The related transaction of an

enterpri is a transaction conducted between the related

enterpris for a certain purpo. For the transactions, we

should focus on understanding the esnce of the transaction,

whether to understand the enterpri to be traded asts are

non important asts of the enterpri, whether by trading in

asts can bring certain economic benefits to the enterpris

in the future.

In a word, the analysis of enterpri financial report is a very

important and meticulous work. The purpo is to find out the

problems existing in the process of production and management

in order to judge the current financial situation of

enterpris and predict the future trends. Enterpri managers,

creditors, shareholders and potential investors, through the

analysis of reports, can understand the information of

enterpris from different angles in a timely manner, so as to

make a ries of decisions for the purpo of the enterpri.